So how do we get bicyclists to follow the rules of the road? Should we try at all? Honestly, I don't see many bikes where I live so I'm gonna leave the discussion as it really isn't an issue for me. Just more of an annoyance.
The shortlist?
1)
Start by re-writing the bikes laws so that they are not backwards.
(Seriously, would you write a law says 'You cannot do "X" then write a bunch of amendments that say "Except that you can do "X' under conditions "Y" and "Z" which cover 90% of situations you will encounter? It would make more sense to write that when "Y" and "Z" do not apply then you cannot do "X".)
Its incredible how often I have bike laws misquoted to me by smug drivers and even policemen. Having the laws be clear would go miles.
2)
Better bike facilities: Now this may apply only in urban situations but the simple fact is having roads that are not designed to be hostile the bikes and making bike lanes that are more than some sloppily dropped paint has been shown to lead to very reduced bike misbehavior. Its almost as if treating the red-headed stepchild as a member of the family leads to them behaving better.
3)
Stop the default assumption that the cyclist is automatically to blame: The default setting for a cyclist by a driver, insurance company or policeman is that whatever situation happened, they must have caused it or it must be their fault because all cyclists are scofflaws. This has been slowly changing, not because of any enlightenment ont he part of drivers,policemen, etc, but because more and more cyclists are wearing cameras showing the incredible BS antics cars pull on them, and showing that they are rarely actually at fault for most incidents.
Why is this important? Because when you treat cyclists as actual members of the road, they tend to act like responsible members of the road.
4)
Enforcement on cyclists that isn't just a police rage-fest. EVery now and then cities start on enforcement programs to 'crack down' on scofflaw cyclists. These invariably turn into borderline oprression efforts as police seem to think they have free reign to ticket any cyclist for almost anything. I've seen cyclists ticketed for slowing down to make a turn, and of course the is the famous video where the NYC police ticketed a cyclist for going out of the bike lane. NYC also had it where police set up at intersections where they could give out inflated numbers of tickets for minor violations while intersections where scofflaw cyclists were a potential hazard were ignored.
It would also help if policemen actually knew the laws with regards to cyclists, I've seen far too many who just don't.
There's a few others, but like these four they do not involve massive restrictions on cycling like so many folks seem to want. Sorry, these would be what we call 'real solutions'.