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For Kapyong: Defending a historical Jesus

Beside the reference to Christ, the passage I quoted referred to
The apocalyptic literature "stems from the years 200 b.c.[to] a.d. 100, containing visions or revelations (hence the term “apocalyptic,” from the Gr. apokalypsis, meaning “a revelation” or “a disclosure”) from God concerning the imminent coming of the end of the present evil age and the final advent of God’s kingdom." via https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/Apocalyptic-Literature

This shows a near-past lead-up to the development and presentation of what became the Christian Messiah -i.e. 200 b.c.e to the end of the 1st century a.d.

Yes, and? Is this news to you? I'm well aware of the Messianic nature of a lot of 2nd Temple Jewish writing. It's why Josephus reports so many "imposters" leading people astray in the "wilderness" and spreading this "innovation" until it eventually led to war:
http://www.biblestudytools.com/history/flavius-josephus/war-of-the-jews/book-2/chapter-13.html
... There was also another body of wicked men gotten together, not so impure in their actions, but more wicked in their intentions, which laid waste the happy state of the city no less than did these murderers. These were such men as deceived and deluded the people under pretense of Divine inspiration, but were for procuring innovations and changes of the government; and these prevailed with the multitude to act like madmen, and went before them into the wilderness, as pretending that God would there show them the signals of liberty. But Felix thought this procedure was to be the beginning of a revolt; so he sent some horsemen and footmen both armed, who destroyed a great number of them.

5. But there was an Egyptian false prophet that did the Jews more mischief than the former; for he was a cheat, and pretended to be a prophet also, and got together thirty thousand men that were deluded by him; these he led round about from the wilderness to the mount which was called the Mount of Olives, and was ready to break into Jerusalem by force from that place; and if he could but once conquer the Roman garrison and the people, he intended to domineer over them by the assistance of those guards of his that were to break into the city with him. But Felix prevented his attempt, and met him with his Roman soldiers, while all the people assisted him in his attack upon them, insomuch that when it came to a battle, the Egyptian ran away, with a few others, while the greatest part of those that were with him were either destroyed or taken alive; but the rest of the multitude were dispersed every one to their own homes, and there concealed themselves.

6. Now when these were quieted, it happened, as it does in a diseased body, that another part was subject to an inflammation; for a company of deceivers and robbers got together, and persuaded the Jews to revolt, and exhorted them to assert their liberty, inflicting death on those that continued in obedience to the Roman government, and saying, that such as willingly chose slavery ought to be forced from such their desired inclinations; for they parted themselves into different bodies, and lay in wait up and down the country, and plundered the houses of the great men, and slew the men themselves, and set the villages on fire; and this till all Judea was filled with the effects of their madness. And thus the flame was every day more and more blown up, till it came to a direct war...


lol. Rubbish.



Except you were banging on about it a few hours ago.
And I stopped "banging on about it several hours ago" too, so why keep bringing it up?
 
I'm well aware of the Messianic nature of a lot of 2nd Temple Jewish writing. It's why Josephus reports so many "imposters" leading people astray in the "wilderness" and spreading this "innovation" until it eventually led to war
And it shows why 1st century theologians would have been likely to have used the Messianic concept and contributed to its evolution.
 
lol. You keep bringing it up, as you did 2-3 posts ago. And b/c you were wrong to bang on about it in the first place.

Lets get this straight: I replied to your post about the peer review a few posts ago, but somehow it was me who brought it up?

I don't think I was wrong to point out that "peer review" in this context doesn't mean the same as it does in more "scientific" disciplines. Someone (IanS?) kept referring to OHJ as "peer reviewed", so I thought it should be investigated in case people took it to mean the same as it does for scientific journal articles.
 
And it shows why 1st century theologians would have been likely to have used the Messianic concept and contributed to its evolution.

It also explains why a cult of Messianic believers would follow a charismatic preacher...
 
It also explains why a cult of Messianic believers would follow a charismatic preacher...
or why a cult of Messianic believers did follow stories about One, whether he had been real or not (eg. stories about One developed from stories about archangels or other celestial beings)
 
or why a cult of Messianic believers did follow stories about One, whether he had been real or not (eg. stories about One developed from stories about archangels or other celestial beings)

But then you have to explain the specific teachings contained within the gospels. Were they all taught by these celestial beings?

There are some fairly strict rules about divorce, oath taking, giving money to the poor, strict observance of "the Law", the "lord's prayer" etc etc

Not all of that is from the OT, someone in 2nd temple Judea came up with that stuff.
 
But then you have to explain the specific teachings contained within the gospels.
See The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark by Dennis R. MacDonald, 2000.

"Close reading and careful analysis show that Mark borrowed extensively from the Odyssey and the Iliad and that he wanted his readers to recognize the Homeric antecedents in Mark's story of Jesus. Mark was composing a prose anti-epic, MacDonald says, presenting Jesus as a suffering hero modeled after but far superior to traditional Greek heroes"​

or Mark Canonizer of Paul: A New Look at Intertextuality in Mark's Gospel by Tom Dykstra, 2012

"Tom Dykstra draws connections between Paul and the Gospel of Mark that are stunning, surprising, and original, and leave readers with a sense that the evidence deserves a better interpretation than traditional Synoptic models can offer." David Trobisch

“In addition to its main focus on Mark, this book is a lucid introduction to early church history, oral tradition, the gospels’ genre, and how to understand scripture in general.”
– Paul Nadim Tarazi, Professor of Biblical Studies, St. Vladimir’s Seminary​
 
See The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark by Dennis R. MacDonald, 2000.

"Close reading and careful analysis show that Mark borrowed extensively from the Odyssey and the Iliad and that he wanted his readers to recognize the Homeric antecedents in Mark's story of Jesus. Mark was composing a prose anti-epic, MacDonald says, presenting Jesus as a suffering hero modeled after but far superior to traditional Greek heroes"​

or Mark Canonizer of Paul: A New Look at Intertextuality in Mark's Gospel by Tom Dykstra, 2012

"Tom Dykstra draws connections between Paul and the Gospel of Mark that are stunning, surprising, and original, and leave readers with a sense that the evidence deserves a better interpretation than traditional Synoptic models can offer." David Trobisch

“In addition to its main focus on Mark, this book is a lucid introduction to early church history, oral tradition, the gospels’ genre, and how to understand scripture in general.”
– Paul Nadim Tarazi, Professor of Biblical Studies, St. Vladimir’s Seminary​

OK. I'm comfortable with the idea that most of the "action" in Mark's gospel was manufactured as a setting for the theology. That Mark is more hagiography than history. I'm also pretty sure that parts of the structure of the narrative use the same tropes (metaphor within a metaphor within a metaphor etc) as Homer, but I'm inclined to think that this is evidence of story designed to be memorised and passed on as oral tradition. There are ways of structuring a story to make it easier to recall and I think the structure of Mark reflects this.

I have never been a bible literalist and I'm not arguing in favour of the existence of the gospel Jesus of faith.
 
But then you have to explain the specific teachings contained within the gospels. Were they all taught by these celestial beings?

There are some fairly strict rules about divorce, oath taking, giving money to the poor, strict observance of "the Law", the "lord's prayer" etc etc

Not all of that is from the OT, someone in 2nd temple Judea came up with that stuff.

Well, while that's a fair observation, are you sure they're from the second temple?

We know that the early Xians were trying to give New Rules all the time. And we know that they were routinely putting them in the mouth of some more authoritative figure than themselves. They used to sign their OWN stuff with the name of some apostle or another or, yes, Jesus. Ehrman has a whole book on the topic, plus lectures all over the place.

As he says, if you wanted to tell some guys to get their act together and be good people, a lot of people seemed to think you don't just sign it Jerry. Because there wasn't much reason for those guys to drop everything they did or believed and just go by the epistle of who-the-hell-is-Jerry, because Jerry said so. So you signed it Paul or Peter or whatever, to give it more authority.

And not only we NOW know that one can jolly well write an epistle or gospel and put his OWN junk in the mouth of Jesus, like he's a Catholic altar boy, but it was actually something early Xians themselves were very much aware of. They write a LOT about which guys faked a gospel, or which guys invented some bogus parable, etc. I don't even mean by the time or Irenaeus and other such prolific writers against heresy, but as early as Papias he mentions that he had to select which churches were actually telling the real thing, and which weren't. (Of course, his criterion is that if they say what he wants to hear, then they're the real deal.)

Plus, just look at the sheer number of apocryphal epistles and gospels we know about (though we don't actually have all of them.) Even Christian theologians will agree that most of those are bogus, and the stuff in them doesn't really come from Jesus or an apostle or anything. It just comes from the authors, and/or a bunch of guys in a particular sect.

So what I'm saying is that we don't really need a Jesus to explain why some author says you should give to the poor or not. We KNOW that they had no problem coming up with such moralizing ideas on their own, and then attributing it to Jesus or some apostle for added authority value.

And of course some were Jews. Some even wanted to keep the Law. (After all, Paul himself tells us he lectured Peter about it, AND he spends a lot of his epistles arguing against having to keep the Law.) Most were at the very least reading or hearing about the old scripture. So I'd say it's rather unsurprising if what a lot of them say is in line with what a Jew might say, without that Jew necessarily being Jesus.
 
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Brainache said:
But then you have to explain the specific teachings contained within the gospels. Were they all taught by these celestial beings?

There are some fairly strict rules about divorce, oath taking, giving money to the poor, strict observance of "the Law", the "lord's prayer" etc etc

Not all of that is from the OT, someone in 2nd temple Judea came up with that stuff.
Well, while that's a fair observation, are you sure they're from the second temple?
Do they need to come from the 2nd Temple? It's new theology.
 
OK. I'm comfortable with the idea that most of the "action" in Mark's gospel was manufactured as a setting for the theology. That Mark is more hagiography than history. I'm also pretty sure that parts of the structure of the narrative use the same tropes (metaphor within a metaphor within a metaphor etc) as Homer, but I'm inclined to think that this is evidence of story designed to be memorised and passed on as oral tradition. There are ways of structuring a story to make it easier to recall and I think the structure of Mark reflects this.

Not necessarily for oral tradition. The inclusio and chiasm structures were in fact pretty much exclusively used in written novels and such, which were never supposed to be circulated through oral tradition.

In a sense, it's a proto-monomytht mold. Except in their case it was more of flattening that circle into a line, so essentially the narrative went back and forth through the same stages, with the climax or message (depending on what you were writing) sandwiched right in the middle of the result. I suppose it was also easier to get right, in an age where paper was extremely expensive. Just using what you wrote in the first half as a checklist to use in reverse for the second half must have been easier than trying to get any other structure right.
 
No, I'm just trying to make sure that readers don't think Carrier's claims of "peer review" carry the same weight as the formal peer review process as used in scientific journals. I'm trying to clarify the water, not muddy it.

Yet all I have seen of your own "research" into the question is a few blog criticisms from people who share your cynicism towards Carrier, and a single web browse of a public website. That's not the way to go about finding out the facts that I feel "readers" would really love to be assured of.

If I have any doubts or questions about something like this I think it is a good idea to stay quiet till I actually confirm certain information from reliable sources.

Your "research" into peer-review in this instance seems to me to be as one-sided as your study into Christian origins. One view takes a hold and everything else then is interpreted to fit that frame.
 
Umm... what's your problem, Beavis? <snip>

The topic wasn't even CLOSE to agreeing with Carrier or not.
.But yeah, THAT is what was being discussed, not disagreeing with Carrier ...

This sort of expression is almost certain to have this whole discourse consigned to AAH. If it is your intention to have it obliterated, I can fully understand why. But your contention that this has nothing to do with agreeing or not agreeing with Carrier is contradicted by an earlier post of your own.

Sorry, that was mcreal's post, not yours. But it does show that "disagreeing with Carrier" was indeed being discussed.
 
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Well, while that's a fair observation, are you sure they're from the second temple?
(...)
So I'd say it's rather unsurprising if what a lot of them say is in line with what a Jew might say, without that Jew necessarily being Jesus.

Well an awful lot of it is eerily similar to what we find in the DSS, so I think it is at least probable that most of it came from a 2nd temple Jewish teacher. Except for the pro-Roman, anti-Jewish stuff.

Does that mean it was Jesus? Maybe. Why not?
 
Yet all I have seen of your own "research" into the question is a few blog criticisms from people who share your cynicism towards Carrier, and a single web browse of a public website. That's not the way to go about finding out the facts that I feel "readers" would really love to be assured of.

It was enough to satisfy me that many people seem to be overstating the value of Carrier's "peer review".

If I have any doubts or questions about something like this I think it is a good idea to stay quiet till I actually confirm certain information from reliable sources.

Your "research" into peer-review in this instance seems to me to be as one-sided as your study into Christian origins. One view takes a hold and everything else then is interpreted to fit that frame.

You can quit the personal attacks and just prove me wrong instead. Will you do that?

Am I wrong?
 
I have been stressing in all my contributions to this discussion that ancient thought is not a unity. Its diversity has been the central point I have been making so I think we can understand my reference to ancient thought here as encompassing a diversity.

I never knew we "have to" either. I don't know why you think I think we "have to" do that.

I apologize for my bad English. Maybe it has been worse than usual this time. I will try to do better now.

It is a fact that Paul uses some sentences that refer to the life of Jesus, that is to say, to his birth, lineage, family, death and resurrection and other ocasional mentions to some behaviours than usually are understood as typical of a human being living on earth. This passages of the epistles are obviously opposite to the main mythicist thesis.

I hope you would agree with this. Then I wouldn't be obliged to repeat the corresponding quotes.

The mythicist has to ways to answer to this objection.
(a) These passages are interpolations.
(b) These passages are allegories where any terrestrial reference must be translated to a spiritual (heavenly) meaning.

It is a methodological rule of hermeneutics and interpretation that both resources are acceptable only if you are able to prove that the usual reading is not admissible. If you have not any reason to give up on the most common reading you ought to maintain it. One of the most c compelling crtiterion to abandon the usual reading is the principle of no contradiction. (You have used it at least five times in the comment that I have mentioned above).

I hope that our agreement persists till now. I suppose our disagreements begin from now.

Many of the alleged interpolations in the Pauline epistles have as unique or main argument the non-contradiction principle. This is a logical principle widely used in the field of rational thinking... but this is not applicable to religions and myths. In the mythical thought it is possible to affirm A and not A together. The believer can successively affirm that Jesus Christ is the same and different of the Father, that all the Christians are Jesus' brothers and sons of Jesus Christ, that Jesus Christ was in his tomb and in Hell simultaneously, etc. These contradictions are reinforced by vagueness and ambiguity that are features of the so called mythic-poetical language.
The Philippians hymn, for example. In the believer language it is possible to affirm that Jesus Christ is equal and dependent of the Father, that he was divine from the beginning of time and exalted only after his death, etc. We usually tend to search for a unitary explanation, by dissolution of the ambiguity and vagueness of this language. It is our mistake. The contradiction is the core of the religious belief. This is the persuasive use of language.
Therefore, if we want argue in favour of an interpolation or a metaphorical-allegorical interpretation of a passage we should give strong reasons to do it.
Therefore I don’t see any strong reason to accept these interpolations and allegorical interpretations that mythicists propose. I don’t see any strong reason to change the usual meaning of the words “brother of the Lord”, “seed of David”, “born of a woman”, “crucifixion”, etc., in order to transform events of a human life in allegorical interpretations of heavenly entities, as mythicism, Gnosticism, docetism or other Christians sects propose only because these “tranformers” are consistent with their particular interpretations.

An example:

In your comment #399 ap. 3 you use the non-contradiction argument to discard Romans 1: 3 as a genuine Pauline text -this is to say, an interpolation- by means of two different comparisons. This verse would be an interpolation because it don’t fit the authentic Pauline thought and because they don’t fit other texts. Remember: Romans 1: 3: “regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life was a descendant of David”
According to you this verse would be contradictory with the true Pauline doctrine as reflected in 2 Cor.5:16: “Even though we once regarded Christ according to the flesh, we regard him thus no longer”.
I confess that I don’t see any contradiction between those verses. 2 Corinthians doesn’t deny that Jesus Christ was of the lineage of David, but that a good understanding of him implies realizing his divine mission and his transcendence of “his earthly life”. In addition you say that Romans 1:3 “imputes great significance to the idea that Jesus was the Son of David”. This is not evident. This verse only places the existence of Jesus Christ in a particular context of the history. The relevance of this fact transcends the carnal significance, because it is a universal one, as it is pointed in the next verse (4): “…and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord”. Paul is claiming that the earthly life of Jesus doesn’t interest him (or doesn’t matter) no more, even this life on earth really had existed. What really matters is the power of the Christ that God concedes him, the resurrection specially.
Where is the contradiction?

I stop here, because the comment is excessively growing. Maybe I have explained better my idea and you have some interest to discussing it.
Thank you.
 
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Well an awful lot of it is eerily similar to what we find in the DSS, so I think it is at least probable that most of it came from a 2nd temple Jewish teacher. Except for the pro-Roman, anti-Jewish stuff.

Well, I don't think it was just ONE guy, because his opinions are all over the place in the gospels. As I was saying, you can find liberal pharisee, literalist saduccee, radical essene, greek cynic, etc in there. I don't think any one person cam hold all those conflicting opinions at the same time.

It's like looking for a guy nowadays who's simultaneously a conservative, a liberal, a marxist, a libertarian, and an eco-anarchist. All at the same time, or at least all within the span of a year or three (depending on which gospel author you believe). In fact, doing several complete U-turns within that year, sometimes within mere days of having the polar opposite view. Most people don't do that.

Though, of course, one person can be a total con artist and SAY different things to different people over the course of his ministry. So I can't really exclude that it was just one. Just in that case it's more like "con artist" than "teacher".

Other than that, sure, why not? I have no problem with the idea that one or more learned rabbis ("teachers") from that period may have been involved in it. After all, Paul claims to have been one himself, so we have at least one already.

Does that mean it was Jesus? Maybe. Why not?

Well, as you know, my point all along was: maybe. I'm not excluding the idea of one or more Jesuseseses were involved one way or another. I just think that

A) we don't have the evidence, nor the historical necessity for that matter, to claim that with any level of certainty, and

B) given that the information about him comes through Paul, who was hallucinating two-way post-mortem conversations with Jesus and making a point to get all his information from hallucinations instead of asking/looking for people who knew Jesus, and Mark who's making up a novel... well... let's just if you had a time machine and went back to 32 CE, and actually met that guy on the street, you'd probly not recognize him and keep looking. Because even through sheer chance, just about any combination of attributes you get from the gospels about him, is likely to be nothing like the real guy.

Hence my calling that guy, if he existed, a very much not historical Jesus.
 
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