The concept of a Rapture didn't exist until the 1800s. As far as I can tell, the Rapture doctrine was stitched together using a number of unrelated and contradictory passages and then grafted onto an interpretation of the book of Revelations.
The unrelated passages include:
Matthew
I Thessalonians
2 Peter
1 Corinthians
Phillipians
The passage in Matthew is highly reminiscent of Passover in the book of Exodus. We have the same idea of readiness and the same idea of selection. Readiness is repeated in the parable of the brides.
Thessalonians, Matthew, and Peter describe a thief in the night. Yet, we also have descriptions of roars, trumpets, and everyone seeing the "Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory." Also, "That day will bring about the destruction of the heavens by fire, and the elements will melt in the heat."
So, it is simultaneously stealthy and overwhelming. There is also mention of the dead rising, "the dead in Christ will rise first," and "the dead shall be raised incorruptible."
Now where have we seen that before? Ezekiel 37 where the dry bones come back to life "and breath entered them; they came to life and stood up on their feet—a vast army."
But this passage isn't mentioned because it only references Jews:
"My people, I am going to open your graves and bring you up from them; I will bring you back to the land of Israel. 13 Then you, my people, will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and bring you up from them. 14 I will put my Spirit in you and you will live, and I will settle you in your own land."