How could it go on forever though?
I don't think anyone's claimed that it could go on "forever"; forever is a very long time. But you and the ArchLunatic aren't claiming that it won't last "forever." You claimed that my niece in high school will never attend college.
We know, roughly, how much oil there is in the ground and how long it will take us to burn through that. We know, roughly, how much coal there is in the ground and how long it would take us to burn through
that if the price of oil rose to where coal cost less. We, know, roughly, how much uranium and thorium there is in the ground, and how long it would take us to burn through
that if we couldn't afford coal and oil. We know roughly how much uranium there is in solution in the oceans, and how long it would take us to burn
that -- as well as how much power would cost per kW if we were using that exclusively instead of oil and coal.
And finally, we have a (very) rough idea of how long the sun will continue to burn, and how much it would cost us to use solar power once we've run out of oceanic uranium.
We've made tremendous progress yes, but all good things come to an end.
... possibly in hundreds of millions or billions of years. Civilization is more likely to collapse from a superbug, political unrest, or a war than from "energy contraction."
All civilizations rise and fall.
... but not typically from resource depletion. Ask the Powatans about resource depletion. Ask the Stuart dynasty. Ask the Capetian kings of France....