With all due deference to the posters who preceded me, peak oil is also not quite what this thread covers - though the drift does tend that way, the gold standard seems to have little to do with peak oil. In an attempt to return the topic to its prior focus, please excuse the remainder of this post for having nothing at all to do with oil in any form.
I suppose my question in response to both the thread title and kevsta's comments is "Why gold?" Why standardize gold as opposed to, say, silver? In other words, what is so inherently good about gold itself that makes it so worthy of being used as the basic economic unit of account?
To be fair, there's a certain value in having a clear standard - declaring "money = gold" simplifies a lot of the philosophical questions that might arise. The question, though, is whether or not this philosophical ease transfers over to everyday economic gains. Perhaps most obviously, if gold is indeed such an appreciating metal, standardizing the price of it would appear to kill any sort of growth potential - those who hoard gold might find this a significant shock to their economic future. Perhaps I erred in saying that I'd not mention oil again, the idea of an 'oil standard' is interesting. However, other posters have presented (what I, at least, consider) worthy arguments about the nature of a commodity-based standardization of money, and my limited comprehension of them leads me to agree.
For my part, I cannot perceive any value in standardizing gold that is not related to this philosophical simplicity. Perhaps I erred above in saying that I'd not mention oil again, an oil standard would seem to have approximately the same benefits and flaws of a gold standard. It thus appears to me that any attempt to replace gold with some other commodity runs into the same problems as the gold standard once did.
I'm not then sure that the gold standard, or really any commodity-oriented standard, can truly be successful - I'm frankly surprised gold lasted as long as it did, though to be fair it did have a few thousand years' head start on economic theory.
~ MattC