Yes, because it already happened. However, that's not my point. The presence of life is a specific piece of evidence. With that evidence, and our knowledge of the precise values needed for a universe to support life, we can look at two competing hypotheses:
H1: the values of the physical constants were arrived at by chance
H2: the values of the physical constants were "fine-tuned" by a being whose existence is not contingent on physical laws (transcends space and time)
Except that this is a false dichotomy; Consider H3: No other values are could ever be possible at all; and H4: we're wrong that
only the values we observe could support life.
If the values could have gone a hundred trillion different ways, and all of them but one are non-life permitting universes, then H2 becomes the preferred theory, so long as the initial probability of the existence of the being in H2 isn't astronomically low.
This begs the question, and we have no evidence at all in support of this conditional.
It's like observing a bullethole in a bullseye 2,000 yards from a firing line and reasoning that the person who made the shot was an expert marksmen. While the probability of the bullseye shot is 1 (because it already happened), hypotheses can still be confirmed/disconfirmed by the shot itself (e.g., it's very unlikely a novice took the shot and just got lucky).
This analogy is inapt, because we know that other possibilities exist for the bullethole. (it's also possible that: 3) the shot was taken at point blank range; 4) the marksman really was a 'Texas sharpshooter'; 5) the hole wasn't produced by a bullet at all; etc. However as regards the universe and its physical constants, we have no reason to believe that there's any other possibility at all, and even if alternates
are possible, we have no way to test for them. This line of reasoning can never be anything other than a flight of fancy.
Of course there are other hypotheses. The most popular one is multiverse theory, which solves the fine-tuning problem by postulating an infinite amount of universes. Given enough universes, some will be life-permitting, and we happen to find ourselves in one. Max Tegmark talks about this at great length.
The real problem in your reasoning is the tacit assumption that there even is a problem at all. Consider Douglas Adams'
puddle analogy.
Our universe can counterfactually be described as improbable (and has been done so in two very good books: Just Six Numbers and The Goldilocks Enigma).
So? Just because it can doesn't mean the idea is coherent or correct.
Consider the Rosetta Stone. Two hypotheses can be formed concerning it:
H1: The Rosetta Stone is a product of erosion
H2: The Rosetta Stone was created by a person(s)
Although the probaility of the creation of the RS is 1 (because it already happened), neither Pr(H1) nor Pr(H2) are 1 or 0.
Similarly, consider the Big Bang.
H1: The Big Bang was a purely natural event
H2: The Big Bang was influenced by supernatural forces
Even though the probablity of the Big Bang is 1, neither Pr(H1) nor Pr(H2) are 0 or 1.
Same problem as your earlier marksman analogy, but I'll also point out that this argument is actually a false analogy composed of two false dichotomies, because the analogues are reversed. For the Rosetta stone example, you label the extremely unlikely (in fact, known to be false) hypothesis H1, and the known truth H2, while for the Big Bang case, H1 is both knowable and parsimonious, but H2 is unfalsifiable, unknowable and incoherent.
Theories are developed all the time concerning events that have already happened. How else could police work, or psychology, or astronomy, etc. take place?
Yep. But the important point here is that
all real theories are developed
by testing falsifiable hypotheses.
