Mercutio said:
Could you please tell me how this is not circularly defined? It seems to me (but I am not running on all cylinders right now) that you take the funny ones, say that they must have been unexpected, and then say that it was the unexpectedness that caused the humour. This is circularity. I suggest that your categories would be better if they were falsifiable; as is, you are willing (it appears) to shoehorn anything that is funny into one of the categories a posteriori.
I know it sounds circular but it really isn't. But I don't know how to show you, other than with specific examples.
I do think my categories are falsifiable.
Let me explain what the category of unexpected looks like. The anatomy of the unexpected.
It is like a train that is going a particular direction and (the analogy is perfect because we think we know where the train is going, it is going where ever the tracks lead it) suddenly it is derailed.
What makes the joke funny is the WHERE the derailment takes us. It is place we did not think it was going to take us. The minute we can completely anticipate where the joke is going to go (where the train is going), then it can't be funny.
Now the Shaggy Dog gerne is has exactly that construction. But, the main characteristic is that it is long and because we know that a story that is meant as a joke must have an unexpected ending, we (conciously or unconciously) are trying to figure out what it will be (where it will go). I submit to you that if we guess correctly, then the joke is not funny.
If we don't guess correctly and the punch line takes us (and remember, this is a subjective appreciation [the subject, the listener has to think that it took him/her to an refreshing unexpected place]) to an unexpected place, then it will be funny.
Maybe, the way to prove this, would be to ask the listener if he/she could have guessed the ending and if he/she thought the ending was clever (or something like that)
Oh, and...glad to introduce you to the Shaggy Dog Story genre. The best I ever heard was from a Maine comedian who calls himself "the humble farmer". He told a story (on public radio) that went on for 15 minutes...I told it to my brother, and he actually hit me!
The Humbe Farmer
Listen, let me construct the train for you.
An Arab merchant walks into a bar. He asks the bartender for a beer.
The bartener hands over the beer, and the merchant takes the first sip.
He lifts the glass one more time and takes another sip.
He puts the glass down.
A fly is whirling around, dives into the glass and takes a sip of the beer.
With lighting speed, with one hand, the arab merchant grabs the fly by the wings, putting it straight above the glass. And with the other hand begins to hit it on the back yelling:
SPIT IT OUT, SPIT IT OUT.
Now, this joke will only be funny of the ending was unexpected (and it was a smart [ingenious] place to go)