Peter and Wendy, J.M. Barrie
The classic children’s book about the boy who never grew up and his friend who is a girl/surrogate mother, this takes on more freight than its original author probably intended or his original audience suspected.
Before the novel, Peter Pan evolved in informal play narratives Barrie developed with the five sons of Llewellyn and Sylvia Davies. Their imaginary activities included scenarios of fights with pirates and Red Indians, and the leading figure was the boy adventurer Peter Pan. Later, Peter existed in stories collected in The Little White Bird (1902), the chapters about him revised and published separately as Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens (1906), in which he seems to be part boy (or fairy) and part bird. He collects boys who become lost as babies ad do not want to grow up, takes care of them, and when they do begin to grow up, he kills them. However, when Barrie constructed a stage play the character took on his final nature.
And with further authorial fiddling, the play became the novel Peter and Wendy (1911). Barrie half-seriously complained that the plot was spoiled when he was forced to “let the ladies in.” These included Mrs. Darling, her daughter Wendy, and in Never-Never Land the native princess Tiger Lily. Barrie seems to mean that their presence forced him to make the play and the later novel less bloodthirsty and more sentimental.
Still, the body count stays high. In addition to Peter, the boy adventurer, Barrie created Captain James Hook, who shares with Robert Louis Stevenson’s Long John Silver the honor of establishing many of the standard pirate tropes. There’s ironic humor aplenty, and the background is thoroughly British public-school. Hook, an alumnus of, probably Eton, is thoroughly evil and yet conducts himself with conscientious good form. Still, he suspects that his bo’s’n Smee has such good form that he does not even have to think about it, which may even make Smee eligible for the Pops. I had to look that up. It was an Etonian club of no more than sixteen boys at a time, noteworthy for their gentlemanly conduct.
The novel's plot, of course, sees Peter coming to the Darling house in London to find his missing shadow, accompanied by the fairy Tinker Bell. Wendy, the prepubescent (but just) daughter of the family sews his shadow back on, and then Peter takes her and her younger brothers John and Michael on a holiday to Neverland, where they meet the Lot Boys and have adventures, culminating in their killing almost all of the crew of Hook's piratate ship, the Jolly Roger, commandeering the ship, and sailing to London. Aterward, once a year, Peter returns to take Wendy to Neverland for spring cleaning, until he forgets, and then when Wendy is thirty and a mother, he takes her daughter, and still later her granddaughter. They seem interchangeable to Peter since he himself never ages.
The book chimes weirdly nowadays. As I wrote this, AI fretted that “Red Indian” is a racist term, but let’s face it, that’s the one Barrie uses. The Lost Boys cheerfully talk about the methods they have used to kill enemies and even try to murder Wendy when she first appears. Then again, not growing up seems a very mixed blessing, leaving Peter with nothing permanently to rely on and no possible character development. The girls Peter serially takes on adventures face the disappointment of his ultimately forgetting about and abandoning them. And children are still, as Barrie remarks, gay, and innocent, and heartless.