Stochastic terrorism refers to political or media figures publicly demonizing a person or group in such a way that it
inspires supporters of the figures to commit a violent act against the target of the speech. Unlike
incitement to terrorism, this is accomplished by using
indirect, vague, or coded language that allows the instigator to
plausibly disclaim responsibility for the resulting violence. Global trends point to increasing violent rhetoric and political violence, including more evidence of stochastic terrorism.
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Defining features
Although stochastic terrorism is considered an academic term without a formal legal definition, it is differentiated from other forms of terrorism due to its public, indirect, and seemingly random nature.
1. Speech: A public figure or group disseminates violent, inflammatory rhetoric via mass-media, directed at people or groups of people, sometimes suggesting or legitimizing the use of violence.
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3. Inspiration: An individual or group, without any ties to known terrorist groups, hears the speech and becomes motivated to commit violence against the target of the speech, believing it will further a political or ideological goal.
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Probability: While difficult to predict each individual act of violence due to the disconnected chain of causality,
the speech makes threats and terror attacks more likely. These attacks observed as a collection have a statistically valid relationship, even if individual attacks are too random (stochastic) to predict precisely.
Stochastic terrorism (Wikipedia)