This is something I'd like one of the lawyers around here to weigh in on (Brown? LossLeader?)
US Constitution, Bill of Rights, Eighth Amendment: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
The phrase "cruel and unusual punishments" has puzzled me for a long time.
My reading of that is that, interpreted literally, a single punishment would have to be both cruel and unusual to be prohibited. We see here - and in many other places - that unusual punishments can be inflicted and pass constitutional muster, as long as they are not cruel. So why is the converse not true? If a punishment is cruel, would it be constitutional if it was routinely applied everywhere, and therefore not unusual?
If all fifty states provided for the death penalty for breaking the speed limit and the method of execution was progressive amputation (one finger, then the next, then the next...), and the penalty was uniformly and routinely applied, that would certainly be cruel, but it would not be unusual. Would it therefore be constitutional? If not, why should the (unusual) chicken suit punishment be constitutional, while the (cruel) execution by progressive amputation would not be?
Was the intent of the authors of the Constitution that the amendment be read as, "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punishment and unusual punishments inflicted"? Can anyone show a citation for that interpretation?