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There are biological reasons for every physiological inconvenience you can think of.
Yes, because those affected survived long enough to breed. There is no reason beyond that. Evolution has no foresight.

We do.

Its a bit premature to write them off as unnecessary without fully understanding those reasons, methinks.
This is impossible to argue against, but only because there is no "reason" to understand beyond "having this feature did not kill the organism which posessed it."
 
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Genetic selection of embryos is easy to do, but would you (given the current state of play) choose genetic alteration for your offspring?

My wife would not (and I would respect her wishes), but I would. Repair that vitamin C producing machinery, hack in squid-style eyeball development, hack in bird-style lungs, make a back that is not prone to the sorts of problems ours currently are, ditto for knees, and so on.
 
Okay, what reason is there for knees (just make the entire apparatus bend backwards and let the knee **** go, its as useful as a whale's pelvic bones)?

Because having knees allowes us to adjust our height while maintaining a stable sensory platform.

It allows for a shock absorbing so that lower and upper bones do not suffer stress fracture. Also help maintain a stable sensory platform while moving at speed

Allows for a far simpler design of the pelvic area, allowing for greater muscle mass to applied allowing us greater speed and endurance

Knees allow us greater lift capacity by allowing us to move through our own centre of gravity allowing maximum lift stress on the spine

So rather than be concerned about the knee, consider the amount of re-engineering the body would require to do the job with less effiency
 
Because having knees allowes us to adjust our height while maintaining a stable sensory platform.

It allows for a shock absorbing so that lower and upper bones do not suffer stress fracture. Also help maintain a stable sensory platform while moving at speed

Allows for a far simpler design of the pelvic area, allowing for greater muscle mass to applied allowing us greater speed and endurance

Knees allow us greater lift capacity by allowing us to move through our own centre of gravity allowing maximum lift stress on the spine

So rather than be concerned about the knee, consider the amount of re-engineering the body would require to do the job with less effiency
Make the joint bend backwards, eliminate the kneecap, and call it a day. It allows for more logical upright movement, and eliminates all the pesky problems with knees. We'd have to redesign the muscular structure of the leg to accommodate this, but we already have a great example - the kangaroo. They can, with a similar structure to ours, obtain top speeds of 44 mph, sustain 25 mph for two miles, and jog at 13-16 mph virtually indefinitely. For comparison, the fastest marathon runner ALMOST made it up to 13 mph. An average kangaroo could easily outrun him.

Its just a better biped design overall. And that one was hit upon with evolution. Once you stick intelligent designers in the mix, who knows what we could come up with?

Lets face it, the entire kneecap thing is a horrible solution grafted onto a problem that only occured because we evolved from ancestors that walked on all fours. If we were to go about designing a biped, there'd be no good reason to pick the kneecap design.
 
Make the joint bend backwards, eliminate the kneecap, and call it a day. It allows for more logical upright movement, and eliminates all the pesky problems with knees. We'd have to redesign the muscular structure of the leg to accommodate this, but we already have a great example - the kangaroo. They can, with a similar structure to ours, obtain top speeds of 44 mph, sustain 25 mph for two miles, and jog at 13-16 mph virtually indefinitely. For comparison, the fastest marathon runner ALMOST made it up to 13 mph. An average kangaroo could easily outrun him.

roo_skel_gall_24.jpg



Show me a kangaroo jogging, and I will pay you $100.00
 
GreyICE,

Would appreciate a response to the issues I raised in my post above.

To whit -- for all the possible 'benefits' that are proclaimed, are there not equal or greater possible 'abuses'? Rather than using this just to improve humans in general, could this not be used to create specific 'classes' of people?

Create a new class of soldiers who are bred to be super-strong, and super-resilient...perhaps even tinker with their brain chemistry to make them more aggressive and violent.

Or create the ideal worker class -- people whose bodies have been modified in order to work better in very specific conditions, but that essentially condemn them to that specific kind of work, since their bodies are not suitable to other work?

And don't talk about creating legislation, or other such protections...that may work in some countries, but other nations (I'm thinking China and N. Korea for example) would have no such qualms. In fact, think of countries like India, where people are very used to the idea of having different 'levels' in society with the caste system. What is to prevent them from making changes to people in each caste, to make them more "suitable" for that caste, but at the same time creating ever greater division between the different castes, and making it far more difficult to gain a higher level within society?

You talk about the benefits -- and that is great. But these issues are very real concerns...would transhumanism be a tool for 'liberating' humanity? Or for enslaving it? There is nothing implicit in the technology that renders it more suitable for one use, than for the other.
 
[qimg]http://www.amonline.net.au/mammals/images/gallery/400/roo_skel_gall_24.jpg[/qimg]


Show me a kangaroo jogging, and I will pay you $100.00
Are we using the definition:
to run at a leisurely, slow pace, esp. as an outdoor exercise:

Or are we making up new definitions of the word? I dunno how difficult it would be to find a video of a kangaroo running leisurely, but I'm sure the $100 would be nice.
 
Are we using the definition:
to run at a leisurely, slow pace, esp. as an outdoor exercise:

Or are we making up new definitions of the word? I dunno how difficult it would be to find a video of a kangaroo running leisurely, but I'm sure the $100 would be nice.

You do realise Kangaroo's hop
 
You do realise Kangaroo's hop

As a description of pace, its more or less accurate. You do realize that their structure of leg is pretty much superior to ours, right?

Seriously, why are you arguing semantics?
 
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As a description of pace, its more or less accurate. You do realize that their structure of leg is pretty much superior to ours in every way, right?

Till you see a roo change direction at speed and tumbles in a cloud of dust because it just blew an ankle joint. All the kangaroo leg does is transfer the load to the ankle. And I dont feel like needing to grow a tail to substitute for a knee
 
Till you see a roo change direction at speed and tumbles in a cloud of dust because it just blew an ankle joint. All the kangaroo leg does is transfer the load to the ankle. And I dont feel like needing to grow a tail to substitute for a knee

The load is transfered to a joint better able to handle it. In humans, we gradually grind the knee cap into oblivion. Its totally inefficient.

There's no need to merely limit ourselves to 'as good as a kangaroo.' But there's definitely better designs than the human body available.
 
What I find curious is your apparent insistence on avoiding my questions entirely. You don't feel qualified to comment? Need more time to think of your response? Or you feel that the only way to make your argument is to avoid all negatives, and try to focus only on the positives?

Let us grant, for the sake of argument, that humans could move faster if they had legs like kangaroos. But what about a society in which the government decided what kind of job you should have, and then had bodies custom-designed to fill that specific niche? The government feels it needs more mine workers, so it orders up a bunch of babies physically designed to be most suitable for mining work.

The question is not "do we have the ability to make human bodies better"? I'd say that we do (or will). The question is, "once we develop this technology, how will it be used?"
 
The load is transfered to a joint better able to handle it. In humans, we gradually grind the knee cap into oblivion. Its totally inefficient.

There's no need to merely limit ourselves to 'as good as a kangaroo.' But there's definitely better designs than the human body available.

Yes and ask a Kangaroo to step three inches closer - it can't. How many kangaroos have you actually seen?
 
The human design that I think is one of the worst is the fact that our reproductive organs are also used to expel urine through the same opening. An intelligent designer certainly wouldn't design something like that with organs we find pleasurable to put our mouths on.

Also, having the nose have it's openings right above our mouth, so when people are sick, our noses expel mucous and snot right on top of our mouths.Again..more proof that there can't be any type of *intelligence* put into designing the human body

(Yeah..I know...don't wanna get into an ID debate here..but that's just the word useage I thought was best at the time)
 
Okay, what reason is there for knees (just make the entire apparatus bend backwards and let the knee **** go, its as useful as a whale's pelvic bones)?

What reason is there to locate a tube designed to ingest objects of various sizes and shapes in such a way that if it gets clogged it cuts off the tube that must absolutely not be cut off in order to survive? Seriously, who does that? Don't we at least get a backup tube in our chest so that we can still breath even if the main tube gets disconnected? The lack of redundancy is a huge flaw in our design.

I can wait to see what horrific abominations you come up with in an effort to "fix" the design of the human body. I'm pretty sure no one would want the end result of your "improvements" marrying their sister :p
 
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What I find curious is your apparent insistence on avoiding my questions entirely. You don't feel qualified to comment? Need more time to think of your response? Or you feel that the only way to make your argument is to avoid all negatives, and try to focus only on the positives?
Oh, crap, sorry, no. I missed your posts. This is what comes of jumping around threads too much. If its any comfort, I would have reviewed it at some point tomorrow. Sue me.

I have some difficulties with transhumanism.

In regards to physical changes -- increasing life span, making bodies more durable, getting rid of genetic diseases, etc. -- I am mostly in agreement. But many transhumanists go far beyond this. They advocate tampering with intelligence. Not just preventing genetic conditions that cause mental retardation (such as Down's Syndrome), but in trying to play with our genetics to boost the intelligence of 'normal' people.

And some transhumanists go even further, getting into issues of ethics and morality. Finding a way to program people to be more 'moral', to rid society of those elements that transhumanists find undesirable (racists, people who enjoy hurting others, etc.).

When it comes to simply tweaking our physical bodies, I don't have big problems, and would likely support the vast majority of such transhumanist goals.

When it comes to tweaking our brains, I have a bigger problem. Making changes to a person's body doesn't really change the essence of 'who they are' (a person who gets plastic surgery, for example, may appear physically be be somewhat different, but mentally is still the same person). But once we start to play with peoples' minds, it is a different story. Even relatively minor changes in the brain can have drastic results on a person's behavior, personality, etc. I'd have significant concerns that experiments in this realm aren't just 'tweaking' us to make our lives better; they involve fundamental changes that will have a far more sweeping impact on humanity as a whole.

Given that, the question is -- who has the right to determine what is 'right' or 'wrong' in such a scenario...what is desirable, and what is undesirable?

This becomes an even more obvious problem when you start talking about attempting to directly change how people think, or control/program their moral/ethical behaviors/beliefs.

This is where that old story of Frankenstein becomes so very, very relevant.

Sure, most transhumanists will make arguments that such technology and knowledge would be used very carefully, within a democratic system, based on individual choice, etc. But that's a fairy tale...the vision of someone so disassociated from reality that I really do not want them being the ones making decisions in a project like this.

What would happen in reality is that, inevitably, some people would use this technology in far worse ways. China, for example, may use it to produce a population that is more intelligent, but also more passive and obedient to authorities, creating a nation of super-intelligent slaves. Or North Korea might use it to create super-soldiers -- soldiers with incredible physical abilities and endurance, increased intelligence, etc.; but also bred to have little or no empathy for others, even to enjoy killing others, creating a true 'warrior race'.

Anyone who thinks that they can create such technology, but somehow avoid such abuses, is living in a world that has no connection to our own. So my question would be thus:

Granted that transhumanism could, potentially, bring many benefits to improve our quality of life; would those benefits be equal to or greater than the ways in which this could be abused to create greater suffering and pain?

Would being able to live longer, healthier lives outweigh the dangers of an enemy creating super-soldiers to conquer your country, for example? Because once the former is possible, so is the latter.

I've rarely seen this variant of transhumanism. Trying to genetically program 'obedience' as a concept seems to me doomed to failure.

In any case, you are merely stating the objections that Huxley raised in Brave New World. They're neither especially new, or especially dangerous to the entire concept.

Let us grant, for the sake of argument, that China did somehow create a race of super-intelligent unimaginative people who were very obedient. These super-soldiers attack other nations, specially born and bred to be the perfect soldiers... and?

How?

That's right, how? It takes a good 16 years at a bare minimum to raise a soldier. 14, assuming accelerated growth. Assume another 5-10 for planning. You now have a 25 year project involving millions of babies. Yeah, details of that would totally never leak. By the time their super-soldiers came storming in, they'd be old news. Actually, we'd probably have a limited-generation genetically tailored virus just for them. Color me unafraid.

The problem is that these nightmare senarios just assume leaps of logic. Somehow the program goes undetected. Somehow they manage to breed and train an army of loyal super-soldiers. Somehow we can't find a way to counter this threat. Somehow...
Let us grant, for the sake of argument, that humans could move faster if they had legs like kangaroos. But what about a society in which the government decided what kind of job you should have, and then had bodies custom-designed to fill that specific niche? The government feels it needs more mine workers, so it orders up a bunch of babies physically designed to be most suitable for mining work.
Transhumanism does imply a certain level of societal responsibility. So do nuclear weapons. At some point we have to accept the fact that for better or for worse our society can do things that were just impossible before, and learn to live with the responsibility, instead of putting the genie back in the bottle.
The question is not "do we have the ability to make human bodies better"? I'd say that we do (or will). The question is, "once we develop this technology, how will it be used?"
I find a philosophical consideration of that, which transhumanism provides, to be a far better ethical framework than 'lets cross that bridge when we get to it.' The better laid out the path is and the faster we get there the less misteps we'll have along the way.
 
Yes and ask a Kangaroo to step three inches closer - it can't. How many kangaroos have you actually seen?

Honestly? A couple in zoos. I'm an American. I've seen videos. I'm not saying the concept is perfect. I'm suggesting a template for improvement. We know what's wrong with the 'roo leg, and what's wrong with the human leg. Lets work at combining the two, and end up with a design better than either - the precision of the human leg with the strength and power of the kangaroo leg.

I can wait to see what horrific abominations you come up with in an effort to "fix" the design of the human body. I'm pretty sure no one would want the end result of your "improvements" marrying their sister :p
I can't wait to watch you choke to death on a pretzel while I open my secondary breathing tube then fish the offending object out without ever being in the least bit of danger.

Seriously, shapism might last a while, but it'll go eventually. Still, let it never be said that the human race made progress without some piece of bigotry protesting.
 
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Oh, crap, sorry, no. I missed your posts. This is what comes of jumping around threads too much. If its any comfort, I would have reviewed it at some point tomorrow. Sue me.
No problem...got your responses now :)
I've rarely seen this variant of transhumanism. Trying to genetically program 'obedience' as a concept seems to me doomed to failure.

In any case, you are merely stating the objections that Huxley raised in Brave New World. They're neither especially new, or especially dangerous to the entire concept.
I beg your pardon...giving a government the tools to control its population, or genetically program people for specific roles, is not "especially dangerous to the entire concept"?
Let us grant, for the sake of argument, that China did somehow create a race of super-intelligent unimaginative people who were very obedient. These super-soldiers attack other nations, specially born and bred to be the perfect soldiers... and?

How?

That's right, how? It takes a good 16 years at a bare minimum to raise a soldier. 14, assuming accelerated growth. Assume another 5-10 for planning. You now have a 25 year project involving millions of babies. Yeah, details of that would totally never leak. By the time their super-soldiers came storming in, they'd be old news. Actually, we'd probably have a limited-generation genetically tailored virus just for them. Color me unafraid.
I'm afraid you've got a terribly naive view of the world. Numerous governments all over the world already practice this on one level or another. Communist governments choose athletic children almost from birth, and train them exclusively as athletes and gymnasts. Or choose children who will be trained up as soldiers. I do not see any serious efforts to stop or prevent such behavior. North Korea would be a particularly appropriate illustration of this principle.

Yeah, it would take time. But there are numerous autocratic nations in this world who would be more than willing to take the time, and make the necessary sacrifices, if they believed it would make their country stronger.
The problem is that these nightmare senarios just assume leaps of logic. Somehow the program goes undetected. Somehow they manage to breed and train an army of loyal super-soldiers. Somehow we can't find a way to counter this threat. Somehow...
I'm not assuming it goes undetected. I'm assuming that, even if detected, there would be little that other countries could do to stop it.

India already practices a caste system. I don't see the world making massive efforts to try to stop them. So if the government there implemented programs to do different kinds of "tailored physical enhancements" for people according to their caste, why on earth do you think the rest of the world would suddenly do something to stop this?
Transhumanism does imply a certain level of societal responsibility. So do nuclear weapons. At some point we have to accept the fact that for better or for worse our society can do things that were just impossible before, and learn to live with the responsibility, instead of putting the genie back in the bottle.
The problem here is that you are confusing "philosophy" with "technology". Technology has no implicit moral or ethical values, it can be used however you want to. Saying, "Transhumanists don't support that or believe in that" means less than nothing; since many of the people using this technology won't be transhumanists.
I find a philosophical consideration of that, which transhumanism provides, to be a far better ethical framework than 'lets cross that bridge when we get to it.' The better laid out the path is and the faster we get there the less misteps we'll have along the way.
"The faster we get there the less missteps we'll have along the way"?!?!?!

If there is any statement you've made here that I'd disagree with most adamantly, it is that one. Human history has more than adequately demonstrated the dangers of rushing into things without considering the consequences, setting adequate controls, etc.

Besides the above arguments, you've also failed to address the questions of the "haves" vs. the "have-nots". Even assuming that you could somehow, miraculously, prevent the abuses I've listed above, you'd still have a situation that would only exacerbate inequalities. North Americans would have much more ready access to such technology, and such changes could be implemented relatively quickly. On the other hand, many nations in Africa or Asia would have little or no ability to implement these changes. So, once again, you'd have the rich nations getting richer -- but now they'd be able to also claim that "NO WE REALLY ARE SUPERIOR TO YOU...WE'VE MADE OURSELVES THAT WAY!" And if you don't think this would happen, I suggest that you study human history.

Or, once again, what about countries that have brutal dictatorships. Again, even if we can prevent the abuses I've mentioned, we still have the much more obvious problem that leaders in those countries would give all these 'benefits' to their own families and friends (ie. to those in power), but not to the regular populace. The result would be to create, again, a two-tiered society in which not only are they divided into "those in control" vs. "those who are controlled", but also "those who are physically superior" vs. "those who are physically inferior".

It is people like you who really scare me. Its not the technology that scares me...it is the blatant willingness to ignore or discard the massive potential abuses that could result from it, the way that human suffering could be increased as a result. To say, "Well, we'll just do what we want, then sort it out later" is an incredibly irresponsible attitude.

IMNSHO
 
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One more question for GreyICE:

You mentioned the nuclear bomb, which is a very relevant comparison. However, in regards to a nuclear weapon, because of the procedures and materials that are necessary to produce one, it is relatively easy to track what nations are trying to develop such a weapon. And then, if necessary, destroy such facilities before a bomb is produced.

This is not the case with what you propose. It could be done entirely in secret, with other nations not knowing about it, or being able to stop it, until after the resulting children had already been produced!!

So, what are you going to do at that point? Sweep in and kill all the children they made? Or kidnap the children, remove them from that country, and try to raise them yourself?

Nukes can, for the most part, be stopped before they are produced (although even this is not perfect); but when we are talking about the genetic tailoring of human beings, it would be virtually impossible to spot this until after it was a fait accomplis. The two situations are comparable in regards to discussing the morality of using them; but are not comparable when we discuss detection and prevention of such programs.
 
No problem...got your responses now :)I beg your pardon...giving a government the tools to control its population, or genetically program people for specific roles, is not "especially dangerous to the entire concept"?
No. It's an abuse that needs to be monitored for. In another thread people had a discussion of how you can turn vaccines into deadly weapons. It's another tool that can be abused. If we move forward with a philosophical outlook, prepared for what this technology can do, we will outstrip those governments' ability to devise new and devious ideas. Remember, intellectually repressive regimes are rather infamous for never coming up with anything new (see: Nazis, Communist Russia/China, or any repressive dictatorship). Given that the free nations will develop and implement this first, it won't be hard to establish a degree of control over this.
I'm afraid you've got a terribly naive view of the world. Numerous governments all over the world already practice this on one level or another. Communist governments choose athletic children almost from birth, and train them exclusively as athletes and gymnasts. Or choose children who will be trained up as soldiers. I do not see any serious efforts to stop or prevent such behavior. North Korea would be a particularly appropriate illustration of this principle.
Superathletes and supersoldiers are two very different things. We'd be far more likely to stop the latter as a threat then the former. Then there's the problem that you'd be scaling a program for a few dozen children to a few million. There will be scale problems. Nevermind the long training period, the fact they'll be obsolete by the time they're on the battlefield, the fact nations will have a decade to prepare for them, and the fact that supersoldiers are probably going to end up with three or four basic genetic templates, so wiping out a third of the army with a tailored virus is not only easy, its laughably easy.

Also, what advantage do supersoldiers offer over straight machines? Machines already react faster, shoot better, and are much more dangerous and discriminating than humans. It strikes me as just a way for cheap-ass countries to try and keep up with our drone combat units. Given the speed AI is advancing, there's a good chance our drone units will be smarter, more coordinated, and more dangerous than any supersoldiers. Think Samuel L Jackson against the Mark 1 terminators from T3.
Yeah, it would take time. But there are numerous autocratic nations in this world who would be more than willing to take the time, and make the necessary sacrifices, if they believed it would make their country stronger.
I'm not assuming it goes undetected. I'm assuming that, even if detected, there would be little that other countries could do to stop it.
Drone Combat units. Gene-tailored viruses. Artificial gene therapy to delete the soldier genes introduced through their water system. Targetted cruise missile attack on training facility. Stealth bombers. I really don't see this being a problem.
India already practices a caste system. I don't see the world making massive efforts to try to stop them. So if the government there implemented programs to do different kinds of "tailored physical enhancements" for people according to their caste, why on earth do you think the rest of the world would suddenly do something to stop this?
Because the caste system is dead? Seriously, relic of the past. No longer exists. Gone.
The problem here is that you are confusing "philosophy" with "technology". Technology has no implicit moral or ethical values, it can be used however you want to. Saying, "Transhumanists don't support that or believe in that" means less than nothing; since many of the people using this technology won't be transhumanists.
"The faster we get there the less missteps we'll have along the way"?!?!?!

If there is any statement you've made here that I'd disagree with most adamantly, it is that one. Human history has more than adequately demonstrated the dangers of rushing into things without considering the consequences, setting adequate controls, etc.
Hence why we're developing a philosophy to set adequate controls, and procede at the fastest possible pace there. Every day we delay is thousands of people killed that don't have to be - hundreds of years chopped off a potential lifespan.
Besides the above arguments, you've also failed to address the questions of the "haves" vs. the "have-nots". Even assuming that you could somehow, miraculously, prevent the abuses I've listed above, you'd still have a situation that would only exacerbate inequalities. North Americans would have much more ready access to such technology, and such changes could be implemented relatively quickly. On the other hand, many nations in Africa or Asia would have little or no ability to implement these changes. So, once again, you'd have the rich nations getting richer -- but now they'd be able to also claim that "NO WE REALLY ARE SUPERIOR TO YOU...WE'VE MADE OURSELVES THAT WAY!" And if you don't think this would happen, I suggest that you study human history.
I suggest that the communists tried to solve the have and the have-not problem by making everyone have-nots. It's a stupid solution. That's the only word for it. You want everyone to be a have-not.
Or, once again, what about countries that have brutal dictatorships. Again, even if we can prevent the abuses I've mentioned, we still have the much more obvious problem that leaders in those countries would give all these 'benefits' to their own families and friends (ie. to those in power), but not to the regular populace. The result would be to create, again, a two-tiered society in which not only are they divided into "those in control" vs. "those who are controlled", but also "those who are physically superior" vs. "those who are physically inferior".
In the long run, as costs decrease, it will sort itself out. Really, how will the people be worse off if their leaders actually are smarter, rather than only thinking they're smarter? Will they be any more oppressed? It's been a damn long time since we had anyone overthrow one of these really repressive regimes without outside help, modern weaponry has gone too far for a peasant's rebellion. Why cry over rights already lost?
It is people like you who really scare me. Its not the technology that scares me...it is the blatant willingness to ignore or discard the massive potential abuses that could result from it, the way that human suffering could be increased as a result. To say, "Well, we'll just do what we want, then sort it out later" is an incredibly irresponsible attitude.

IMNSHO
It is not 'do what we want, sort it out later.' It's that the potential outweighs the possibilities for abuse.

Many of your objections are nonsensical. Supersoldiers? Don't send a gengineered man to do a robot's job - and warfare will soon be the playground of the machine. Maybe if some third-world dictatorship wants cheap stormtroopers, but they'll never be a serious threat - machines are just too fast (and augmenting humans to machine level ignores the fact that machines are just a lot more loyal than humans ever can be). Go bug the roboticists if you're so scared on that one.

Haves versus have-nots? Once again, you'd just make everyone a have-not to prevent abuses by the haves. I imagine the human condition as a whole will improve. Yes, there will be bumps, but how will the condition of Saudi Arabia get worse if the royal family was actually as smart as they thought they were?
 

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