Total Building Collapse from a Single Column Failure

If anyone can explain how you could have a single column failure occur without any other contributory mechanism - I would be interested to hear - but it doesn't change my previous comments.

There are a few ways, such as ramming a bulldozer at very high speeds into a column (this may not be enough force for a column at the base of the WTC7) or using a device to heat a large portion of the column. In general, the methods to do so are far fetched and make the conspiracy theorists eyes light up in paranoia.

The NIST report highlights the girder walk-off as the initiation of a progressive collapse that led to total building failure. This is rather different than the WTC1&2 failures as multiple levels of framing and columns were destroyed from the plane impact without a collapse.

Is there someone proposing that there was a single column failure without any contributory mechanism?
 
That floor and seven floors below collapse. The girder and the floor drop to the floor below. That floor, already weakened by fire also collapses. Then the floor below it, and below it, etc, over 8 floors. Gravity pulls things down, not up.

This is the part he keeps forgetting. The building was not pristine at the time of the failure of column 79. It was also well before the building could be seen moving.

He is right to one extent. The failure of the transfer trusses did happen at the start of global collapse. NIST even says so. ;)
 
Last edited:
Gents,
Take a chill pill.

First a failure occurs when things CAUSE it... ie contributory factors... like heat or wrecking balls etc.

But you, nor NIST has explained at a single column which was 2 story in height fails BECAUSE of one of 6 braces walking off. 7WTC columns were 2 story in length... 8 stories would be 4 stacked on atop the other. The columns were spliced at about 4 4 above the deck.. the splice was an unrestrained connection.

Yes I am a dumb architect in the sense that I do not design steel high rise frames and my understanding of structure is basic conceptual engineering that architects learn in school.

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

Claiming that fire did it... is not different in quality of argument than saying there was a CD.. Both explain NOTHING about how it collapsed. Both fire and explosives weaken or destroy things. Duh.

No lets focus on one column numero 79 on floors 13 & 14... one girder walks off its bearing seat... what happens in sequence to collapse the entire tower?

Your turn.:D
 
There are a few ways, such as ramming a bulldozer at very high speeds into a column (this may not be enough force for a column at the base of the WTC7) or using a device to heat a large portion of the column. In general, the methods to do so are far fetched and make the conspiracy theorists eyes light up in paranoia...
thumbup.gif
Sure ;) - which was why I included the proviso "a single column failure occur without any other contributory mechanism".

My purpose - and the main reason I withdrew from posting - was the need to clear up the ambiguity of WTF we were talking about. See next comment:
...Is there someone proposing that there was a single column failure without any contributory mechanism?
The OP had numerous undefined global or exclusive claims. Including this pair:
...Would any other single column failing on any floor lead to global collapse?

Could any single column failing on any other floor NOT lead to global collapse?
...each of which demands a two way answer - "yes...but it is possible no" but I got ridiculed/ignored for raising the point. In both those examples the answer has to be specific to the structure AND specific to what contributory factors exist.

erwinl nailed the logical looseness down concisely in the second post viz:
Isn't this a rewritten question of NIST said that this was the straw that broke the camels back and how universal it would be that a single straw actually could break a camel's back?
The answer to the question once stated that way without ambiguity is "It would not be universal." In fact (IMHO) it would be rare for a single straw to break a camel's back BUT quite feasible that a final straw could initiate failure of a camel's back. :rolleyes:
 
[qimg]http://conleys.com.au/smilies/thumbup.gif[/qimg] Sure ;) - which was why I included the proviso "a single column failure occur without any other contributory mechanism".

My purpose - and the main reason I withdrew from posting - was the need to clear up the ambiguity of WTF we were talking about. See next comment:
The OP had numerous undefined global or exclusive claims. Including this pair:
...each of which demands a two way answer - "yes...but it is possible no" but I got ridiculed/ignored for raising the point. In both those examples the answer has to be specific to the structure AND specific to what contributory factors exist.

erwinl nailed the logical looseness down concisely in the second post viz: The answer to the question once stated that way without ambiguity is "It would not be universal." In fact (IMHO) it would be rare for a single straw to break a camel's back BUT quite feasible that a final straw could initiate failure of a camel's back. :rolleyes:

Straws and all... how bout some of those other straws and let's not forget the final straw... No one has explained how a girder walk off fails column 79.
 
...Claiming that fire did it... is not different in quality of argument than saying there was a CD.. Both explain NOTHING about how it collapsed. Both fire and explosives weaken or destroy things. Duh...
Actually both the logical structure of that claim and the premised facts are...err....wrong. :o

The knowns include:
1) Unfought fires in a steel framed building;
2) Building displaying signs of distress some hours before;
3) It collapses.

[AND - this point is actually redundant to the logic of this post but:
4) No evidence of CD.]

So the prima facie case is "unfought fire caused collapse" and, in pursuit of the relevant features of the "Scientific Method" that is the default hypothesis.

LATER - some people suggest CD BUT have never put forward a case sufficiently persuasive to displace the default hypothesis.

So the analogy which has "CD" on equal footing with "No CD" is a faulty starting point. On the same basis my often posted facetious hypothesis - "It was Santa's Custard" should stand alongside "CD" as a legitimate case needing to be rebutted.

False - it is a reversal of burden of proof. No one here needs to prove my custard hypothesis wrong - I have to show that Santa's custard hypothesis is better than the default. All same as we don't have to disprove CD - CD claimers have to "prove" CD. They cannot do it - or pedantically sticking to the principles of the scientific method - they haven't done it yet.


THEN the included comment "...Both explain NOTHING about how it collapsed" is true. The real issues then include:
a) Will we ever know...I suggest no.
b) Why should a community spend public funds looking further? - which is more complicated so I wont derail BUT my view is that there is no justification for spending public funds to confirm that the answers are not accessible and when only a small sector of the community has any interest. No body IMO has stated a legitimate community interest.
 
Last edited:
Straws and all... how bout some of those other straws and let's not forget the final straw... No one has explained how a girder walk off fails column 79.
It doesn't. NIST never said it did.

It was the after effect of 8 floors failing starting with this connection fail. Did you actually read the report?
 
No one has explained how a girder walk off fails column 79.
Not sure about that Sander - I think the doubt is about how the girder walks off - not what happens when it does.

Then it still falls back to the same two questions I have raised many times:
1) Can we ever know; AND
2) Who needs to know and why?

I comprehend that your position disagrees.
 
So he's not CD conspiracy nut. Glad to hear it. Carry on.
He isn't - he actually started out with sympathy for truth movement claims and pursued a genuine search for truth which he is still following. His personal history is interesting - not appropriate for me to restate it. It has been posted on several forums.

The whole thing was a chaos. Do the tiny details matter?
The only details which matter are those which matter. :D

And in this case I'm certain:
1) we will never know the details in question; AND
2) They don't matter. :rolleyes:
 
For me it is not a matter of spending more money for another investigation, thought it would be money well spent compared to the cost of several drones... I digress.

I don't think (though I am not sure) that NIST explained how a girder walk off failed column 79. If they did, can someone kindly summarize what they stated. Yes I know the building was on fire for 7 hrs (ie the various straws on the camel).

The OP was about single column failure leading to collapse. If it's possible then would other parts of the structure need to be weakened as a condition for single column failure?

The nature of the two claims is not the same. But the difference is not that great either. CD give no mechanism.. it's all black box all the time. NISTians go on about girder walk off trying to pinpoint the collapse to one stinky girder (plus fires all over the place over 7 hrs)

JERFians scream FIRE did it, but they don't explain squat.. Yea we know that steel loses x% of it strength when heated to Y°. We know that the unbraced length of a column determines its capacity... longer unbraced length lowers capacity.

So step up and explain the mechanisms of the column 79 failure leading to global collapse. You can start when the girder has walked off and failed in shear at the beam seat.

Any takers?
 
For me it is not a matter of spending more money for another investigation, thought it would be money well spent compared to the cost of several drones... I digress.

I don't think (though I am not sure) that NIST explained how a girder walk off failed column 79. If they did, can someone kindly summarize what they stated. Yes I know the building was on fire for 7 hrs (ie the various straws on the camel).

The OP was about single column failure leading to collapse. If it's possible then would other parts of the structure need to be weakened as a condition for single column failure?

The nature of the two claims is not the same. But the difference is not that great either. CD give no mechanism.. it's all black box all the time. NISTians go on about girder walk off trying to pinpoint the collapse to one stinky girder (plus fires all over the place over 7 hrs)

JERFians scream FIRE did it, but they don't explain squat.. Yea we know that steel loses x% of it strength when heated to Y°. We know that the unbraced length of a column determines its capacity... longer unbraced length lowers capacity.

So step up and explain the mechanisms of the column 79 failure leading to global collapse. You can start when the girder has walked off and failed in shear at the beam seat.

So what? A bunch of terrorists hijacked planes and flew them into buildings, causing them to collapse. Fire didn't do it, according to you. What did it? Explosives?
 
So what? A bunch of terrorists hijacked planes and flew them into buildings, causing them to collapse. Fire didn't do it, according to you. What did it? Explosives?

Excuse me? Where did you read that I said fire was not one of the causes if not the main cause?

I started this thread not because I don't think FIRE or heat was one of the main, if not THE main cause... I started this because I don't think fire cause the failure of col 79 which caused the entire building to collapse. My own theory is that fire/heat acted in other places in the structure/building... locations which would more likely match the observables than a girder walk off.

So I am not asking for a demonstration that HEAT was a cause... but WHAT it actually did... what were the *things* that broke from the heat one after the other till humpty dumpty came tumbling down.

My guess is that the location / temps and duration of the fires was not terribly precisely known. If so, how was it known? Was someone going around with a thermometer or placing thermo couples? I suppose examination of steel debris can tell something about the temps it reached... though I don't know how this is done.

It seems that NIST uses temps to predict elongation and pushing of the girder off its seat. Seems to be pretty basic concept. Check.

Now explain how a walked off girder causes a a column to buckle and that takes the entire building with it. Remember the NIST simulation? it doesn't resemble real world. How do they you you explain that?

I may be a dumb architect... but your reading comprehension is worse than my typing.

Answer the questions posed... pick one or all. Jump in... the water's not too cold.
 
Excuse me? Where did you read that I said fire was not one of the causes if not the main cause?

I started this thread not because I don't think FIRE or heat was one of the main, if not THE main cause... I started this because I don't think fire cause the failure of col 79 which caused the entire building to collapse. My own theory is that fire/heat acted in other places in the structure/building... locations which would more likely match the observables than a girder walk off.

So I am not asking for a demonstration that HEAT was a cause... but WHAT it actually did... what were the *things* that broke from the heat one after the other till humpty dumpty came tumbling down.

My guess is that the location / temps and duration of the fires was not terribly precisely known. If so, how was it known? Was someone going around with a thermometer or placing thermo couples? I suppose examination of steel debris can tell something about the temps it reached... though I don't know how this is done.

It seems that NIST uses temps to predict elongation and pushing of the girder off its seat. Seems to be pretty basic concept. Check.

Now explain how a walked off girder causes a a column to buckle and that takes the entire building with it. Remember the NIST simulation? it doesn't resemble real world. How do they you you explain that?

I may be a dumb architect... but your reading comprehension is worse than my typing.

Answer the questions posed... pick one or all. Jump in... the water's not too cold.
I'm a layman in this matter. I don't know what the point of this thread is. Are you hoping to prove a different cause of the collapses in order to get building regulations changed? You may be right for all I know. All this engineering chat is Greek to me, but I play a mean fiddle and guitar. Each to his own. I would not presume to argue with you. What are to trying to achieve here? I am genuinely interested. Cheers.
 
For me it is not a matter of spending more money for another investigation, thought it would be money well spent compared to the cost of several drones... I digress.
Another unnecessary investigation would cost far more than "a couple of drones." Why don't you pony up?

JERFians scream FIRE did it, but they don't explain squat.. Yea we know that steel loses x% of it strength when heated to Y°. We know that the unbraced length of a column determines its capacity... longer unbraced length lowers capacity.
Large parts of WTC 1-2 fell on it. It burned out of control for hours. You understand how steel weakens and softens. And yet you're worried over what particular flange gave first?
:boggled:
 
Another unnecessary investigation would cost far more than "a couple of drones." Why don't you pony up?


Large parts of WTC 1-2 fell on it. It burned out of control for hours. You understand how steel weakens and softens. And yet you're worried over what particular flange gave first?
:boggled:

Large parts of WTC towers fell on Bankers Trust, AmEx , ATT and they did not experience much in the way of collapse... or fires for that matter. I am not disputing the notion that fires weakens steel, nor that there were uncontrolled fires. I wonder how NIST determined the extent of fire damage, and where it did the main mischief. It seems to me this is more speculation / theory than fact.

I believe there were multiple factors which facilitated the collapse of each tower... and that a KEY factor was the actual engineering design. I am suggesting that the uniqueness of these designs was a larger factor that NIST or anyone for that matter seems to consider.

You have these factors to consider:

uncontrolled fires
atypical accelerants (such as stored diesel)
loss of fire protection on steel
inoperative sprinkler system
electrical equipment exploding
mechanical damage - plane and or falling debris
age of structure and connections
engineering features such as framing design, FOS, design and service loads
siting 7 wtc over con ed sub station
fabrication issues

All of the above were contributory factors. None of these factors appears to be sufficient on its own. It was a joint effort of factors.

Does it matter WHICH factors dominated the collection of factors? Perhaps.
On the face , since we experience a complete structural collapse the structure design itself needs to be high on the list of contributory factors. And if the engineering turns out to be VERY high or the key factor then NIST is missing something.

Accordingly I've suggested that we examine the importance of the engineering / design of these towers. The OP attempts to determine if a single column failure can lead to collapse.

In the twin towers there were multiple instant column failures, yet NIST did not think this was a factor in the collapse of the twin towers. They opted for sagging trusses which pulled the facade out of column. This turns out to be completely the wrong explanation for the collapse initiation.

Ozzie says, details don't matter all that much. I say they do if engineering/design turns out to be the key factor for total collapse.

ROOSD seems to correctly characterize the collapse phase of the twin towers. ROOSD is a process which had engineering / design as a key factor.

When someone says.. fire did it move on... they are as incurious and irrational and unscientific as the truth movement in its broad and unsupported claims.

The implication of engineering / design being THE key factor would be huge I would think. If true this means that the engineers', designers', planners' and agency's which approved the designs for construction work would make them culpable in some measure. But even if this legal basis for tort is not established, if the engineering design decisions were a KEY factor then there a lessons to be learned for structures in the future. And I suspect the lesson is not simple more robust fire codes rigorously applied. And that seems to be the general thrust of the NIST conclusion.

One might think that it was cold that caused the challenger to explode... or a hurricane that cause Fukushima to melt down into the mess it did.

Get it?
 
Large parts of WTC towers fell on Bankers Trust, AmEx , ATT and they did not experience much in the way of collapse... or fires for that matter. I am not disputing the notion that fires weakens steel, nor that there were uncontrolled fires. I wonder how NIST determined the extent of fire damage, and where it did the main mischief. It seems to me this is more speculation / theory than fact.

I believe there were multiple factors which facilitated the collapse of each tower... and that a KEY factor was the actual engineering design. I am suggesting that the uniqueness of these designs was a larger factor that NIST or anyone for that matter seems to consider.

You have these factors to consider:

uncontrolled fires
atypical accelerants (such as stored diesel)
loss of fire protection on steel
inoperative sprinkler system
electrical equipment exploding
mechanical damage - plane and or falling debris
age of structure and connections
engineering features such as framing design, FOS, design and service loads
siting 7 wtc over con ed sub station
fabrication issues

All of the above were contributory factors. None of these factors appears to be sufficient on its own. It was a joint effort of factors.

Does it matter WHICH factors dominated the collection of factors? Perhaps.
On the face , since we experience a complete structural collapse the structure design itself needs to be high on the list of contributory factors. And if the engineering turns out to be VERY high or the key factor then NIST is missing something.

Accordingly I've suggested that we examine the importance of the engineering / design of these towers. The OP attempts to determine if a single column failure can lead to collapse.

In the twin towers there were multiple instant column failures, yet NIST did not think this was a factor in the collapse of the twin towers. They opted for sagging trusses which pulled the facade out of column. This turns out to be completely the wrong explanation for the collapse initiation.

Ozzie says, details don't matter all that much. I say they do if engineering/design turns out to be the key factor for total collapse.

ROOSD seems to correctly characterize the collapse phase of the twin towers. ROOSD is a process which had engineering / design as a key factor.

When someone says.. fire did it move on... they are as incurious and irrational and unscientific as the truth movement in its broad and unsupported claims.

The implication of engineering / design being THE key factor would be huge I would think. If true this means that the engineers', designers', planners' and agency's which approved the designs for construction work would make them culpable in some measure. But even if this legal basis for tort is not established, if the engineering design decisions were a KEY factor then there a lessons to be learned for structures in the future. And I suspect the lesson is not simple more robust fire codes rigorously applied. And that seems to be the general thrust of the NIST conclusion.

One might think that it was cold that caused the challenger to explode... or a hurricane that cause Fukushima to melt down into the mess it did.

Get it?

And?
 
Excuse me? Where did you read that I said fire was not one of the causes if not the main cause?

I started this thread not because I don't think FIRE or heat was one of the main, if not THE main cause... I started this because I don't think fire cause the failure of col 79 which caused the entire building to collapse. My own theory is that fire/heat acted in other places in the structure/building... locations which would more likely match the observables than a girder walk off.

So I am not asking for a demonstration that HEAT was a cause... but WHAT it actually did... what were the *things* that broke from the heat one after the other till humpty dumpty came tumbling down.

Try reading NCSTAR 1-9 Vol 1-2

My guess is that the location / temps and duration of the fires was not terribly precisely known. If so, how was it known?
The last 50 years progress in fire science.

Was someone going around with a thermometer or placing thermo couples? I suppose examination of steel debris can tell something about the temps it reached... though I don't know how this is done.
See above

It seems that NIST uses temps to predict elongation and pushing of the girder off its seat. Seems to be pretty basic concept. Check.

Now explain how a walked off girder causes a a column to buckle and that takes the entire building with it. Remember the NIST simulation? it doesn't resemble real world. How do they you you explain that?
Because when you have thousands of pieces, and thousands of variables that can change the outcome, your odds of getting a perfect match are pretty much nil. Each piece of steel is a variable....from its actual strength of materials (not its design strength) manufacturing imperfections, changes that occur in the field (added misc steel......dents etc.) Now move on to the connections.....slightly stronger weld, or slightly weaker one.....over torque of the bolts, etc. etc. Next take the fuel loads. Simulators use estimates, one particular office may have been used for storage and had 10 times the fuel load, another 1/3 etc.etc. Wind gusts at particular times may have fanned flames in some areas and not other. I am sure others can add many more variables that would change the outcome compared to the simulation.

I may be a dumb architect... but your reading comprehension is worse than my typing.

Answer the questions posed... pick one or all. Jump in... the water's not too cold.

A box containing 10,000 toothpicks gets knocked to the floor scattering them all over. Some people want to find out why it was knocked over to prevent it from happening. Apparently others (like most troofers) would rather spend their time trying to determine why each toothpick landed in the exact position that they did. :eek:
 

Back
Top Bottom