I think it's hard to talk about the subject without painting an incomplete picture. You may be right and I tend to agree with you that taxes can probably be raised without harming the economy. But I just think the debate should be over who is going to minimize the damage and not make the economy better. Aging work force, emerging economies, huge debt loads.....ect.
Solvable problems all. If I were dictator, I'd investigate doing something along these lines;
If you look at how Japan is dealing with an aging population, or trying to; They are looking to robots to be care-givers. Much, much cheaper in the long run, once developed.
I'd start something like NASA - we need this anyway - a National Mobile Cybernetics Administration. Remit is research, co-development with industry, establishing standards for safety certification. We already have robot automobiles driving on the same highway as humans. For now with an engineer ready to kill it and take over instantly. But some day there will be no human on board, and we will need to have a body competent to pass on safe practice.
And that will employ a lot of people, and pump a lot of money through industry. Unlike NASA, no huge project is getting fed by this, it is all on a small scale, and industry is expected to take things over after development. Unlike NASA, Industry will be expected to pay a fee for use of the patents developed, and this can eventually become a revenue stream rather than a budget item.
Debt loads will handle themselves if we have no more disasters like Bush created and we ask the fed to allow a bit more inflation to cheapen the existing debt over time.
Economics; All economics is energy. Period. Wasn't always like this, but it is as you say "emerging" - actually fully emerged already.
To the first order you can predict the standard of living of a country if you know the number of kilojoules the average citizen consumes per year. Cost of energy is what is driving both the problems in Europe and the recovery here in the USA. It is also what stuck the pin in Bush's bubble. (A few months too early to pin any of the blame on Obama, though some try.)
So, combined with robotics, we also need to ressurect ERDA - Energy Research and Development Agency. NRC would be under ERDA. Goal would be fusion long term, and anything that will work short term. Research will say what that "anything" is. Except for mid-scale pilot plants, no build-out at all would be done. Industry is expected to license the designs and will do so if they make economic sense.