Do Not Try to Pick Up Chicks in THIS Herem:
Collins article discusses the
herem, ". . . or ban, the practice whereby the defeated enemy was devoted to destruction." There is a "." underneath the "h" for ye purists, indicating
het. This section alone makes Collins' article worth a read. Basically, he notes that the various YHWH-ordered smiting of various Somethingorotherakites--such as:
1 Sam 15:3: "Now go and attack Amalek, and utterly destroy (hrm) all that they have; do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey."
Apparently YHWH likes bunnies. . . .
Anyways, the
herem is not an odd practice. The Moabite Stone erected by the 9th century BCE King Mesha has him squishing "Nebo from Israel" and offering "seven thousand men, boys, women, girls, and maid-servant" to Ashtar-Chemosh. [Text of Moabite Stone is from the
ANET.--Ed.]
The point Collins stresses:
The enemy is deemed worthy of being offered to God. [That refers to the argument of Niditch.--Ed.] One hopes that the Canaanites appreciated the honor. Rather than respect for human life, the practice bespeaks a totalistic attitude, which is common in armies and warfare, wherein the individual is completely subordinated to the interests of the group. Niditch is quite right, however, that the ban as sacrifice requires "a God who appreciates human sacrifice," and that those who practiced the ban "would presumably have something in common with those who believed in the efficacy of child sacrifice."
For those who might consider that those "devoted" to YHWH were given light cleaning duties in the Tabernacle, consider
Lev 27:29 "No one devoted who is to be utterly destroyed from among men shall be ransomed; he shall be put to death."
References:
Albright WF. "The Moabite Stone,"
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, JB Pritchard, Ed., 3rd. Ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
Collins JJ,
The Zeal of Phinehas: The Bible and the Legitimation of Violence,
JBL 120 (2003): 3-21.
Day J.
Molech: A God of Human Sacrifice in the Old Testament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Freidman RE.
Who Wrote the Bible?
Levenson JD.
The Death and Resurrection of the Beloved Son: The Transformation of Child Sacrifice in Judaism and Christianity
Lüdemann G.
The Unholy in Holy scripture: The Dark Side of the Bible
Niditch S.
War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Schmidt BB. "The Aniconic Tradition,"
The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms. Edelman DV, ed. Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995.