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Scole light phenomena

this:
Experimental Conditions. The Scole Group, allegedly on the instructions of their ‘Spirit Team’, agreed to some of the controls requested by the investigators, but could not agree to them all. The Report provides details, and given the fact that sittings were held primarily in darkness, records particular regret at the embargo placed by the ‘Spirit Team’ upon infra-red and image-intensifying equipment (allegedly because such devices would distract the attention of the investigators, thus disrupting the focused attention said to be necessary for success).
and
many of the ‘spirit lights’ referred to in due course below were sufficiently bright and sustained to allow restricted viewing of the seance room
Makes me dubious in the extreme.
It's easy to get away with things in pitch blackness.

(italics mine)
 
Vbloke, I do think that a lot of what was witnessed was down to exactly that, darkness and the Scole group's control of conditions. I was curious as to how much was likely to be down to out and out trickery and how much was the investigators seeing things of their own accord in those kinds of conditions.

c4ts, I'm not sure really, but the SPR members who were there seem to have been really impressed by this. I got the impression they were talking about a point of light, rather than a beam of light shining in the glass. I'm not sure how much of a difference that makes.
 
I'll tell you how to duplicate the results, cheaply and without much preparation. I'm not even a magician.

You will need:

Some of your friends, maybe wearing black
Mag lites
A bigger flashlight (or handheld searchlight)
Lawn furniture
A large tablecloth
Fishing wire
A glass bowl
Crystals (probably quartz)
Recording device
Cloth
Perfectly ordinary ceiling hook
Random stuff that looks old but isn't

Setting Venue: A cellar in the Foys’ house converted into dedicated seance room. Construction: brick walls, floors and ceiling. Accessible only be a single staircase with a lockable door at the top. Available for thorough search by the investigators both before and after all sittings.
Use my house. Or yours. Or anyone else's. They're all accessible. Allow for a thorough search at a predetermined time.

Furniture: round table (approx. 1.2m diameter), obstructed underneath to prevent clandestine movement; upright plastic stacking chairs; trolley holding audio tape recorder. All sittings at Scole were held around this table.
Put up a tablecloth over a plastic round table. Drape it all the way down to the floor so you can hide stuff under it. Don't let them search under the table, since it prevents clandestine movement! Use lawn furniture. Preferably the dark green color, because it won't make you look like such a cheapskate.

Additional Sittings Additional sittings were held in the home of Dr. Hans Schaer in Zurich (Switzerland), in Dr. Schaer’s holiday retreat on the Mediterranean island of Ibiza, in two venues in the USA, and in other European locations. Phenomena were variable across locations, but remained consistent with that witnessed at Scole. Dr. Hans Schaer and Montague Keen were present as investigators at the majority of these additional sittings.
Get your drinking buddies and some people you met at the bar. Make sure they don't pass out on the way.

Experimental Conditions. The Scole Group, allegedly on the instructions of their ‘Spirit Team’, agreed to some of the controls requested by the investigators, but could not agree to them all. The Report provides details, and given the fact that sittings were held primarily in darkness, records particular regret at the embargo placed by the ‘Spirit Team’ upon infra-red and image-intensifying equipment (allegedly because such devices would distract the attention of the investigators, thus disrupting the focused attention said to be necessary for success). However, sufficient controls operated to render fraud extremely difficult in many instances (e.g. the respective positions of the members of the Scole Group during the sittings were identified by illuminated wrist cuffs). At no time during the sittings was any direct evidence of fraud apparent to the investigators or to any of their co-investigators.
Don't let your friends bring anything that can see in the dark! Take a cursory glance at the room and say "I don't see any fraud!"

The ‘Spirit Team’ maintained that they would ‘bring their own light’, thus rendering infra-red and image-intensifying equipment redundant, and that they were also working towards the eventual production of phenomena in natural light. The first of these promises was fulfilled to the extent that many of the ‘spirit lights’ referred to in due course below were sufficiently bright and sustained to allow restricted viewing of the seance room, and the second of them to the extent that Dr. Shaer’s final sitting was held in good electric light.
Promise you will leave the lights on. Leave the lights on. Have someone stand by the fuse box downstairs, awaiting your signal (or just a precise moment). When he shuts off the power, say it was spirits! (The report also says the investigators brought flashlights, or whatever "their own light" was supposed to mean, but it doesn't say anything about the investigators using them, nor does it state that the lights remained on throughout the seance...)

(NB Although the absence of infra-red or image-intensifying equipment was disappointing, and has been criticized by skeptics, it is worth pointing out that the presence of this equipment would only have invoked the usual skeptical claim that proficient magicians can fool investigators under their noses in broad daylight.)
I'd say this report is evidence supporting that claim.

Magician’s Testimony. Arguments against fraud were strengthened by the presence of a retired professional stage magician (James Webster, an Associate of the Inner Magic Circle with some 40 years interest in psychical research) at three of the sittings. James Webster testified that in his professional opinion even leading magicians could not duplicate the phenomena he witnessed at Scole without lengthy and expensive preparations, and probably not even then. He further testified that any magician who could produce the Scole effects would rapidly make a fortune on the professional stage.
Pay James Randi $5,000 to act stumped. Or just ask him nicely. Whatever works.

Let me run that by you again:
James Webster testified that in his professional opinion even leading magicians could not duplicate the phenomena he witnessed at Scole without lengthy and expensive preparations
And here I am telling you how to duplicate that same phenomena with some dudes and some flashlights! Of course, if if you could not duplicate the results "without lengthy and expensive preparations," doesn't mean that the seance itself wasn't prepared in a "lengthy and expensive" manner!

The Phenomena

The Lights The light phenomena were among the most dramatic features observed by the investigators. In most cases, these phenomena were consistent with those reported by past investigators in other settings. Briefly the lights consisted chiefly of the following.
Yeah, okay, get to them already!

There are a few different ways to do this. The easy way involves your guy downstairs with the fuse box shutting down the power. The hard way involves good misdirection so they don't see the guys holding the lights, who hide in the doorway or behind curtains. The cheat way is to give the investigators acid and interview them when they're done hallucinating. The latter would have been more effective than the actual report, though.
* Single light points, varying from the size of peas to that of medium-sized glass marbles, which variously darted around the room at great speed,
The guys turn on their mag lites and wave them around.
 
appeared to pass through the surface of the seance room table (appearing immediately underneath in areas inaccessible to the Scole Group), settled on outstretched hands for close inspection, sustained circles in mid-air at a speed and with a precision inconsistent with manual manipulation (often ‘switching’ off various segments of the circle),
Don't forget to have somebody under the table shining a flashlight.

responded to requests and apparently entered investigators’ bodies, entered crystals placed upon the table and either illuminated the whole crystal or moved as a small point of light throughout their structure, entered a glass dome in the center of the table.
Hire good listeners with steady hands (so it looks mechanical). Oh, and put the glass bowl in the center of the table before you start.

* Small lights which appear to enter, illuminate and levitate crystals.
Hang those crystals on fishing wire before hand. You can make a crude pulley out of a hook on the ceiling just by stringing the wire over it beforehand. Then you can tug the wire and make the crystal rise, or have the guy with the mag lite do it.

* Diffused patches of light not reflected off surfaces which traveled around the room at various heights.
Well, gee, I wonder how they saw the lights then, because the human eye is a reflective surface! But seriously, this comment doesn't help. Just have the guys shine the lights all over the place.

* Light sources which took the form of ‘materialized’ shapes (‘robed’ figures with brighter patches of light where faces would be) which then floated around the room, touching the investigators on request.
At this point your assistants come out with sheets over their heads, going "Woo woo!" with mag lites in their mouthes.

* Lights which illuminated an upturned Pyrex bowl from within, providing sufficient sustained light for ‘spirit hands’ to be seen by the investigators.
Okay, the room wasn't already bright enough to see somebody's hands? In good electric lighting where it was bright enough to see the whole room??? I think someone's leaving out important details. Go for the blackout method. Remember, the investigators just saw light that was sufficeint for the "spirit hands," they didn't actually see the "spirit hands!"

* A light which entered and fully illuminated a crystal in the confines of a Pyrex bowl. The investigators were invited to touch the illuminated crystal before being asked to take their hands away briefly and then ‘feel’ the crystal again. Although still steadily illuminated and apparently unchanged in shape, the latter on this second investigation offered no resistance to the fingers (i.e. appeared to have become totally insubstantial). On a third investigation the illuminated crystal was felt once more to be substantial.
Swing the crystal into the bowl (it's easy if you've centered your table under the hook). Or if it's dark (as the last detail suggested that it was), let the guy with the mag lite do it.

* A light which faintly illuminated the inactivated electric light bulb in the center of the room, producing a general glow unconnected with the filament.
Press the flashlight against the bulb. There, you've got a general glow unconnected with the filament! No need to spring for a Tesla coil or Van De Graff generator under the table, although that would have been a whole lot cooler.

* A small light which entered a glass of water held by Professor Fontana and agitated the water, the proximity of the glass to his lips preventing any obvious intrusion of wires or rods.
Put the glass to your lips and blow in it, while someone shines a light.

* A small light which entered and illuminated a table tennis ball which was then projected by unknown forces across the room.
Shine light on the tennis ball, have the guy under the table tip the surface slightly so the ball rolls. Kick him or something, just to get him going.


* Lights which illuminated the investigators’ feet below the table in areas inaccessible to the Scole Group due to the solid foundation upon which the table rested.
Table guy has a flashlight, too.

* A light which illuminated simultaneously six separate 5-cm solid Perspex supports beneath a glass dome on the table, and which also entered the dome itself.
Yeah, set this one up beforehand and let Sir Isaac Newton do the rest.

* A small light which settled on the open palm of a co-investigator (Professor Grattan-Guiness), who then closed his hand to eliminate the possibility of any mechanical attachment to the light.
Shine light on the palm of someone's hand, tell him to close it, and the assistant turns the light off as he does. No mechanical attachment there!

* A light which built up into a rock-like shape on the table, before levitating, passing in front of one of the investigators (David Fontana) and halting in front of a co-investigator (Ingrid Slack), allowing her to feel its muslin-like texture.
Put one of the crystals under the cloth. Shine light onto it, swing it with the wire.

* Diffused patches of light which traveled slowly across the room, appearing to take on the rudimentary shape of human faces with apparent ‘lips’ that moved in synchronicity with strangled attempts at speech.
The guys with the flashlights, if caught, can shine light on their faces and make strangled mewling noises.

The Table At relatively frequent intervals the table around which the sittings were held commenced a very rapid vibration which could both be heard and felt by the investigators. On occasions, in spite of its solid base, the table then began to swivel round (as evidenced by the movement of luminous tabs placed on the surface at the cardinal points), passing through some 20 degrees before returning to its original position.
Have table guy lift the thing and spin it very slowly. Kick him if he goes too fast.

Touches The investigators experienced frequent touches by allegedly spirit hands during the sittings. These touches took the following form.
Oh boy...

* A masculine hand associated with a ‘direct voice’ phenomena which, at his request, found with immediate accuracy Professor Fontana’s hand, grasped and shook it.
Your assistant shakes this guy's hand really tight and says "Woooo!"

* Small, child-like, feminine hands which gently touched and stroked the hands of the investigators.
This time he's much more relaxed, or he brought his kid along. How can you tell if a hand is masculine or feminine just by feeling it?

* Perfectly formed hands apparently ending at the wrist, visible in dark outline by the illumination of attendant ‘spirit lights’.
VISIBLE IN DARK OUTLINE OF ILLUMINATION?? Okay, they definitely didn't keep those lights on like they promised, or those electric lights were VERY dim. Wait, they didn't feel any of this, why is this here?? None of this involves touch! Anyway, make shadow puppets!

* Touches on the legs of the investigators at points inaccessible to the Scole Group without detection.
Kick table guy if he ties all their shoelaces together while doing this.

* Hands which placed objects in the palms of investigators at request and with unerring accuracy (explicable by normal means only if the Scole Group are credited with infra-red viewers or image intensifiers).
Because people who hand you stuff cannot be explained by normal means!

* Hands which grasped those of the investigators’ and raised their arms to full extension above their heads.
Again, the guys with the flashlights messing around.

* Hands which gave playful slaps on the wrist to Montague Keen.
More of the same, moving quickly so their hands are not caught.

Voices The allegedly paranormal voices took several different forms, in particular as follows.
This had better be good.
 
* Various ‘communicators’ spoke through the entranced mediums.
Speak in a high-pitched Italian accent, then switch to a bad Elvis impersonation.

* ‘Direct voices’ apparently originated from the region above the table, sometimes speaking in strangled whispers, at other times clearly and relatively strongly. Long experience of sitting in the dark sharpened the hearing and the sense of direction of the investigators, rendering it possible to locate the position of these voices with some accuracy (the investigators were consistently in accord in assigning these voices to precise positions in the room, and in differentiating them from the positions occupied by the members of the Scole Group).
These are your guys, whispering at each other not to do such-and-such, trying very hard not to laugh.

* Voices impressed themselves upon audio tape in a recorder from which the microphone had been removed.
Record your tape beforehand.

Apports Several small apports appeared during the investigation, though the Scole Group had a wide range of more impressive objects which had apparently appeared during their closed sittings. One of the most notable of their apports was a copy of the Daily Mail newspaper of 1st April 1944 containing an account of the celebrated trial of medium Helen Duncan. Analysis by the Print Industry Research Association (PRIA) instigated by the investigators confirmed that the newspaper was printed by letterpress on wartime newsprint (which ruled out the possibility of it being a facsimile copy). The PRIA expressed themselves baffled by the fact that the paper was in pristine condition, and showed no signs of the yellowing or aging that would be unavoidable in a newsprint retained from 1944.
Yeah, that's nice. A reprint from an old fashioned printer! That would explain the "letterpress on wartime newsprint," and also lack of aging. But noooo, the conclusion is inevitable.

Messages Throughout the sittings the investigators were given messages by the Spirit Team, (usually in the course of long conversations) speaking through one or other of the entranced mediums. All sittings were tape-recorded, and the tapes subsequently transcribed in order to provide a complete record of proceedings.
And you're done.

Blah, blah, blah...

Opinions differ as to the value of these messages in supporting the concept of survival.
Give them Iacchus quotes.

Puzzles which prove difficult to solve may not be difficult to set, and although considerable research by the investigators was required in order to solve some of the puzzles, the availability of the necessary information in publications held by the SPR or available in the public domain weakens its impact.
Give them I.Q. puzzles.

Full details are given in the Report, and a close study of these details is necessary before conclusions can be drawn.
Too bad you already drew them!

The same close study is required of information allegedly originating with the 18th/19th Century English poet William Wordsworth.
Not really...

The Films One of the most impressive features of the phenomena was the production of images on unexposed color film. These images took many forms, including the following.
They developed some film while they were in the dark room which supposedly wasn't dark.

* Photographs apparently of unknown groups of people, such as First World War soldiers or airmen.
Guys in Halloween costumes. Or a picture of a war photo.

* A view of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, with subtly incorrect dimensions.
Use distorted lens, or draw a crappy picture and photograph it.

* Unknown faces surrounded by cloud-like structures.
Leave the film speed low, use a dark room, illuminate the faces and shine stuff at their shirts.

* Abstract images.
Photograph abstract images.

* Hermetic symbols.
Photograph Kilik threads.

* Written verses of poetry, some of which was identifiable as copies of known poems by F. W. Myers and William Wordsworth.
Make copies of known poems. Take pictures.

The investigators placed particular emphasis upon the films in the hope of obtaining permanent paranormal objects (PPO) - i.e. films produced paranormally under conditions precluding any possibility of fraud. The investigators sought to produce a PPO using a 4-step protocol consisting of (i) their own film, (ii) a secure container in which to locate the film during the sittings, (iii) their control of this container throughout, and (iv) their control over the subsequent development of the film.
Swap their film with yours while they're distracted. Ask them to put the color film on the table, so they may watch it.

In the event, results using this protocol fell short of full satisfaction. A film subjected to this protocol produced only a very few tiny star-like points of light against a black background, and was of such poor quality that it was not considered worth retaining (an error of judgement). Other films produced excellent results, but the secure container concerned (referred to in our Report as the ‘Alan Box’) was provided by the Scole Group and proved possibly vulnerable to fraud, although on one occasion it was held throughout the sitting by co-investigator Walter Schnittger rendering interference by the Scole Group apparently impossible. Later films placed in a secure box provided by the investigators produced no results.
See? He's swapping the film. If he can't open the box, you can't get those images!

Excellent results were produced on other occasions, although the films concerned were placed upon the table in their sealed tubs rather than in the secure containers.
Well, duh. They should have tried it with black and white T-Max, and watched in astonishment as it produced colored results!

Survival Given that it is debatable whether the messages conveyed during the sittings can be regarded as strongly supporting the continuing existence of the SPR members concerned, what other evidence does the investigation provide for survival (or, if preferred, for some form of intelligent activity beyond that available to the Scole Group themselves)? Assuming for present purposes the para-normality of the phenomena, this evidence takes a number of forms, in particular those listed below.

* The direct voices, which were distinct not only in tone but in position from the members of the Scole Group. (As explained in the Report the presence of accomplices can effectively be ruled out.)
No it hasn't! If you can get in the room, then someone else can get in the room.

* The ‘personalities’ ostensibly communicating through the mediums, who manifested a consistency of speech, thought and mannerisms throughout the sittings difficult to explain as conscious deception on the part of the mediums, and incompatible with the existence of multiple trance sub-personalities.
Yeah, get back to me when you start making sense.

* The strength and variety of the physical phenomena. To date there is no laboratory evidence that individuals, using known (if not yet universally recognized) psychic abilities are capable of producing the macro pk effects witnessed at Scole in such profusion and with such power. Individuals capable of producing these effects through their own abilities would rapidly become psychic superstars.
Duplicating any of this psychically would just prove them right anyway.

Criticisms of the Investigation Criticisms of the investigation are fully detailed in the Report, and come primarily from three distinguished and highly experienced SPR members, namely Dr. Alan Gauld and Professor Donald West (both to whom had a sitting with the Group at which no sign of possible fraud was detected) and Tony Cornell. These criticisms contain no charges of fraud and no direct evidence for it, and focus upon the fact that as the controls were imperfect, fraud could theoretically have taken place. These criticisms can be summarized and answered as follows.
In other words, you flubbed the experiment and failed to rule out fraud, so you should stop claiming that you succeessfully ruled out fraud! (Feel free to repeat this mistake, in the name of duplicating results...)
 
Thank you. :D
I was thinking way more complicated tricks were involved. I think I was overthinking it. :rolleyes:
What's terrifying for me is, I may not have been convinced if I was there, but I might well have been fooled and unable to work it out.:boggled:
 
There was a story in the NYT the other day about an accused rapist who was released because of DNA evidence. His accuser id'd him and described his hands and face and a bunch of other physical features. Problem with this "eye witness" testimony is that she was simply wrong.

This is an interesting little paper on the nature and reliability of eye witness testimony that bears on this discussion:

http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/zaid.htm#N_3_

I draw your attention to the Yerkes curve at the bottom. It suggests that the higher the arousal of an observer, the less efficient the memory.

The problem (once again) is that when you have a poorly executed experiment everything about it is suspect.

This note (cited above)
because such devices would distract the attention of the investigators, thus disrupting the focused attention said to be necessary for success
Is particularly telling. If I had been an experimeter I would have said "it is automated, we won't even know if it is on" thus dismissing the concern. Of course, they did not say/do this thus displaying, I fear, either ineptitude or bias. Either of which are nasty characteristics of experimental research.
 
You know, if I were asked to be a witness to such a demonstration I would be sneaky. They didn't want infared light sources? I would bring an infared light source hidden, say, in the front of my shoe to see if they would detect it. Set film on the table? I'd bring an empty cannister to see if they did swap it. Or one with a little beeper built in and have it go off about an hour after the experiment was due to end, to see if it goes off in their pockets or mine. I'd also have a low-light or infared button camera in my jacket.

Anytime I hear of a demonstration where the very things used to detect fraud are forbidden, (such as light) then you know it's fraud.

I have a camera with an infared LED on the front and in a pitch-black room the video shows everything in that monochrome infared sort of way. But you can also turn OFF the LED and it will still pick up many things. If a demostrator says, "No infared, it will interfere with my demostration" and I say, "but the LED is off, it's just a passive device sitting there, not emitting anything." and they say, "But any electronic device emits electromagnatism and that will interfere." then I can say, "What about my watch? The wiring in the wall around the room? My pacemaker? They're okay but a passive camera is not? Hmmm." That's when I'd turn it off, move it outside and use a button camera. I know the JREF wouldn't do this, because they are above board and are honest, but I sure would.

Another thing I would do is ask if we could do this without the table cloth. That would bring interesting replies.
 
Well, anyone with a cheap digital camera can easily detect an infrared source (from~800-1000nm). Note- expensive digital cameras may have IR filters on the CCD, so are no good for this. Check by pointing aTV remote at your digital camera.

All the above is interesting. I have however spoken with an observer at Scole who also witnessed the lights and thinks them to be the only convincing physical evidence for paranormal activity he has seen in many years active interest in the field. He also describes a mote of light landing on his hand and illuminating the hand from within his closed fist.
While neither this observer nor I have any explanation of this, I don't think any of the above explains it either.
I stress I'm reporting what someone else saw. I have no personal knowledge that Scole produced any evidence. (Except Colin Fry caught in the lights with a trumpet).

However, the parties involved at Scole seem to have split without following up their research in any positive way. My own opinion is that it was a hoax, though I do not know how it was done.

I believe the witness I mentioned to be mistaken, but wholly honest in what he thinks he saw. This is my default assumption as a sceptic. I can't prove it. Nor can he.

The restrictions on use of IR or low lights seem deeply suspicious to me- and for all the grand language, the "spirit apparitions"at Scole, as always, failed to produce any useful information about anything we didn't already know.
 
I have seen many magicians do tricks that I could not begin to explain. The difference is that they don't claim a paranormal explination.
 
All the above is interesting. I have however spoken with an observer at Scole who also witnessed the lights and thinks them to be the only convincing physical evidence for paranormal activity he has seen in many years active interest in the field. He also describes a mote of light landing on his hand and illuminating the hand from within his closed fist.
While neither this observer nor I have any explanation of this, I don't think any of the above explains it either.

Hmm keep shineing the light on the outside of the hand?. Other options include filling the room with UV light or using one of the chemical methods of generateing a glow.
 
Get your drinking buddies and some people you met at the bar. Make sure they don't pass out on the way.

I'm kinda haveing a problem with part two. It's this new 24 hour drinking thing.
 
He also describes a mote of light landing on his hand and illuminating the hand from within his closed fist.
Could the mote actually have been just that, a mote? And perhaps the light was shining on his hand and not from within? Light shining on a dust mote is very beautiful. I've sat watching sunlight catching motes, and they can shine.

I absolutely agree that the investigators who watched the Scole phenomena are sincere. But there seems to be an unwillingness on the part of people like Montague Keen to understand why their testimony doesn't add up to scientific evidence of survival. I find it hard to fathom.
 
Matilda- I agree there is often a worrying disparity between the evidence of paranormal research and the conclusions the researchers reach from it.
In fact I find this the most disturbing aspect of the entire business:
Why are apparently sane people willing to use quite unrelated events as support for theories which, on the face of it, seem to have nothing to do with the evidence?
I admit my primary interest in paranormal research is in the psychology of belief and concerns ghosts not at all.

Please let me repeat that my comment is second hand. I was never at Scole, I have simply spoken with someone who was.
He described numerous floating lights, either "orbiting" or moving in irregular paths in the room , at levels from table height to several feet higher. Multi coloured, of various brightnesses, these would sometimes contact the sitters. I concluded from his description that the lights were bright enough to dimly illuminate the room at times. They would have been occulted by passing behind anyone moving around. That was not described.

The one he "held" appeared to touch his fingers (He did not say if he FELT anything at this contact.) It then touched, or seemed to land on, his palm. He closed the fist and could see his hand lit from within. He did not say what happened after that.

He did not make clear the precise orientation of his hand at this point
(- eg if it rested on the table and so could not have been lit from below.)
I expect to see him again in late December. I'll seek more detail then.

If he saw what he thinks he saw, I can't see how it could be explained either by flashlights or by concealed lights. I'm no expert on such things though.

My supposition, based on my default attitude and no more, is that what he thinks he saw, is not what he did see. But as I say, I was not there. It would be arrogant to claim more than doubt on my part.
 
I'd be very interested to know any more details you can glean. I've been reading about C19th séances and I was surprised when I came across physical mediumship still being performed, though perhaps I shouldn't have been. I know it went into decline, but I'm not sure whether Scole was a sign of a real resurgence or just the odd recurrence. Like this case, which reminded me of the séance Colin Fry did as he was waving a trumpet about, although no one turned on the lights here:

http://www.survivalafterdeath.org/articles/keen/thompson.htm

In some of the earlier séances involving physical mediumship, witnesses gave varying reports of the same events, and clearly in those cases someone was incorrect about what they were observing. I'm going to get a copy of the Scole report, and I'm curious to see whether the investigators ever diverge in what they report seeing.

There were C19th spirit lights, and IIRC in at least some cases phosphorescent oil was used.
 
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