they aren't unless you think some Denosovians or Neanderthals are hidden there.Some of those undiscovered tribes in Brazil might still be a race
they aren't unless you think some Denosovians or Neanderthals are hidden there.![]()
I repeat - race and species aren't the same thing.they aren't unless you think some Denosovians or Neanderthals are hidden there.![]()
Anthropology can now confidently report that Neandertals, Denisovans, and others labelled archaic are in fact an interbreeding part of the modern human lineage. We are the same species. There has been extensive admixture across modern humans for tens of thousands of years, and at least some admixture across several archaic groups. Neandertals, Denisovans, and other archaics may be the best example of a true human race or sub-species. They are also fully part of the human lineage, with almost all contemporary humans showing genetic admixture with archaics in our genetic signatures.
So, let us accept Neandertals, Denisovans, and other so-called archaics as members of the human species, perhaps as a true sub-species or race. But let’s retain the beauty of the original multiregional model proposed by Franz Weidenreich, with human populations “being interconnected by nearly continuous gene flow throughout the Pleistocene, with the gene flow being of sufficient magnitude such that the human continental populations define an intertwined trellis. There is no tree of human populations of any sort in Weidenreich’s figure” (Templeton, Genetics and Recent Human Evolution, 2007:1509).
This last point brings up the idea of metaphors and how we should represent human evolution–see blog-post The Tangled Bank and the blog-post by Jonathan Marks, Clades versus Rhizomes: “I think human evolution is strongly rhizotic.” Indeed, the rhizome model is strikingly similar to the Weidenreich’s intertwined trellis. I was interested to see Dienekes Anthropology blog take up the same issue in the 2012 blog-post Admixture matters: “It’s time to give up trees and embrace networks!” It seems when everyone is dropping the tree taxonomies and embracing networks (or maybe even rhizomes?), we are in a new place to appreciate the complexity of human becoming, and More Mothers than Mitochondrial Eve.
That doesn't look like a peer-reviewed publication to me, ...
they aren't unless you think some Denosovians or Neanderthals are hidden there.![]()
This reminds me of the tales of Catholic schools and institutions in Ireland, which in turn got me thinking..... where I live, the nearest equivalent to the experience of the indigenous community would probably be Irish Travellers. There you have a group that is seen pretty negatively and has some of the same problems - 70% don't have a high school education for example. As I understand it, they also have a traditional way of life which from the 19th Century onwards has become increasingly untenable, or at least at odds with the expectations of everybody else. The thing is, I don't recall anybody claiming they are genetically incapable of living like the rest of the population, the whole difficulty is culture.
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Irish Apes: Tactics of De-Humanization
Lisa Wade, PhD on January 28, 2011
In the last few hundred years, dark-skinned peoples have been likened to apes in an effort to dehumanize them and justify their oppression and exploitation. This is familiar to most Americans as something that is done peculiarly to Black people (as examples, see here, here, and here). The history of U.S. discrimination against the Irish, however, offers an interesting comparative data point. The Irish, too, have been compared to apes, suggesting that this comparison is a generalizable tactic of oppression, not one inspired by the color of the skin of Africans.