Dave,
- Yeah. You're right -- these are not the same.
- But then, your dad marrying his HS sweetheart would also require time travel, which as you say is impossible. IOW, something you do accept as potential is also something you accept as impossible.
- ISOW, impossible does not rule out potential.
Now we are talking about trans-time mating- this isn't Kansas anymore is it?
As I already told you, Dave's Dad impregnating his HS sweetheart was possible at that time and for years latter, but is not possible if he or she is dead, or if she is no lower producing fertile eggs. I gather the first two fertilizations were unlikely ones, but still had probabilities notably greater than zero. The latter two fertilizations have probabilities essentially zero. As a self-described statistician you would assign a low, but real probability for the first two depending on the circumstances (the likelihood that Dave's Dad would want to have sex with his HS sweetheart, the reverse, their distance, their chaperoning, their fertility at the time they might have sex, the distance from one another's locale at the difference times, etc.), but very near zero or essentially zero for the last two. For similar reasons, Dave's dad having babies with Cleopatra is essentially zero. In fact, Dave's dad now having babies by his 2014 sperm fertilizing one of his HS sweetheart's 1950 ova is essentially zero, too (there is some possibility that he did back then with 1950 sperm and 1950 ova and no one knows, but let's ignore that. The probability of that is also very low, but not zero and you can if you wish include it as a minor term in your equation).
Just a note: I use the term "essentially zero" to allow for David dad's HS sweetheart secretly freezing her gametes or having a child after menopause: very. very unlikely, but if we are talking about statistics, these are not really zero, but very very close to zero. The chance of Cleo freezing her gametes when she lived was even much, much closer to zero, or essentially (if I may use that word) zero precisely, equal to the possibility that a time traveling Starship Enterprise would pluck her out of Egypt to the 1950s and she would fall in love with Dave's dad rather than with Captain Kirk (did I see that episode?).
Impossible does rule out potential, both in statistics and in grammar.
Zero probability means
zero potential. A tiny probability means a tiny potential.