Fast Eddie B
Philosopher
There's a serious error in both scenarios. In A, it is incorrect to assume that a rich person will actually spend an incremental boost to his/her income. As an extreme example, giving Gates a $1 mil tax break won't make a damn bit of difference in his spending habits. Even in a consumer society there's only so much that one can spend.
Perhaps, but he will have to do something with his money. Unless he keeps it in a mattress. Invest in municipal bonds and it may help to build a hospital or a power plant. Buy a CD and it may allow a bank to make more loans to low income families. Or, in the case of Gates, set up a foundation where the spending will be focused on altruistic causes.
The general idea is that whether "better" spent or not, Adam Smith's "Invisible Hand" remains an efficient way to allocate resources. To a certain point, that is.