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Prayer and power

No one is arguing that it does. Only that since his ability is not limited and yet he never answers a category of prayer then we have a problem.

What problem?

:)

We are in agreement.

You snuck the word "miracle" in there, when we aren't necessarily talking about miracles by that definition since it is possible to believe in prayer without believing in miracles by that definition. However, I suspected you might bring up that definition, and was careful with my wording. I doubt any Christian who believes in miracles also believes that the purpose of a miracle is to make it clear to everyone in the world that God exists. Even if the purpose is to make it clear to some people (those who believe, those who witness the miracle, etc.), the purpose is not necessarily to make it clear to everyone, even by the definition you cited.

To believe that an omnipotent being exists who wants everyone in the world to know of his existence is indeed irrational given that not everyone in the world knows of the existence of such a being. So, if there are Christians who believe that God wants everyone in the world to know of his existence, I'll agree that those Christians are irrational in their belief.

My ego won't be hurt. If my beliefs are irrational I can accept that. It really is a trivial matter.

As can I. Still, you have made some statements about which beliefs you think are rational and which are irrational. As such, any criteria by which you consider something irrational shouldn't apply to something that you consider rational or else the words don't have much meaning.

Not quite my definition but in any event quite useful. When is day not night? There is a gradient. Some people are more rational than others.

Very well then. We are in agreement. All beliefs are rational, including the Christian belief in prayer. Case closed!

If that is truly the case then I don't have any problem with it. Big deal. Point out an irrational belief and if it fits the definition then I will accept it, and perhaps reevaluate my belief. All this hand wringing over the definition of irrational is quite silly. It is simple and logical to determine what is and is not rational.

Yes, it's extremely simply to determine what is and is not rational...ALL beliefs are and are not rational by the definition above.

This is so frustrating. I'm honestly trying. I've retyped this response like 6 times. I'm stripping out all of the emotion. {deep breath}.

Can I ask you a favor? Would you avoid words like "betray"? It isn't applicable here. I'll confess that my words aren't always the best to convey my meaning so I will try and be careful.

My concern isn't with emotion. It's with objective evidence. Words like "good liklihood" are subjective rather than objective. I do understand what you mean, but you aren't going to find any objective criteria for determining that one opinion that you call "rational" is necessarily more rational than another opinion that you call "irrational." There is no magic formula for objectively determining the probability of any opinion being true. Drake's equation pretty much demonstrates this since you have displaced the argument to one about the rationality of choosing particular values for the variables.

This has really got me stumped. I'll admit I have thought about this one long and hard. And I can't think of any reason for you to come up with your conclusion.

This is a minor point, because I think you simply misworded Statement #3 (or worded it in an ambiguous way). Statement #3 (that prayer can influence the outcome of events) is a fact -- it is without a doubt possible that prayer influences the outcome of at least some events. Therefore, compared to #1 (that there is a good likelihood that there is intelligent life outside of our solar system) it is clear that to believe a fact over a "good liklihood" should be more rational. However, I think you may have actually meant "prayer does influence the outcome of events" rather than "prayer can influence the outcome of events." In this case, it is a matter of opinion as to which of #2 and #3 is more rational, although I tend to agree with your opinion on the matter.

#1 is possible and there is a means to calculate the probability.
#2 is believing that there is enough probability to come to a conclusion.
#3 has no reason (#3), no evidence, and no logic to believe it.

It can be argued that #2 has no evidence. It can be argued that #3 may have reason (#3) as in "a Christian has reason to believe that prayer can influence the outcome of events." I'm not sure what you mean by "no logic" other than to slip in a synonym for "irrational." Both are "logical" statements in that either can be true.

? Again, I'm stumped. You use the definition of irrational belief to prove that the belief is not necessarily irrational? This is twisted and upside down logic. I can't begin to get my head around it. If A = B then B !=B Huh?

Your premise is that belief in something is irrational IF it is not related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by it. However, you admitted that you CANNOT show that rabbit's feet are not related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by it. Therefore, even if we accept your premise, you cannot use it to show that belief in rabbit's feet is irrational.

It is. By definition. It is.

No, a belief in rabbit's feet is not necessarily irrational by definition, as demonstrated above.

-Bri
 
Of course belief in prayer is based on faith (as are all opinions) since it cannot be proven or disproven. But that doesn't mean that it's illogical or unreasonable to hold an opinion about prayer, even if your opinion is that it might work. That's all I'm saying.
You keep saying a "belief in prayer". I can't really respond because I don't know what that means.

Oddly, those who claimed that to believe something other than what was currently thought to be true was irrational used arguments very similar to yours.
Citation please?

While it is now perhaps irrational to hold the view that the world is flat, before evidence to the contrary was discovered it was considered "irrational" to be of the opinion that the world was round (and your argument was probably used to support it).
The two are not equal because now we have evidence to the contrary. We have calculations that contradict the view that the world is flat. We have reason to believe that the world is round. Using logic we can deduct that the world is round.

See, that is the problem. You are correct that what was once considered irrational was actually true. However the evidence is mounting and the facts are moving in one direction.

Let me state, one more time, that I hold positions provisionally. I could be wrong about any and everything. However there is a large body of evidence and the truths have held up to rational thought, logic and reason. After all of this time it is reasonable to conclude that age old notions like a flat earth are irrational. It is not rational and it is not reasonable (tautology?) to conclude that the earth is flat.

I never said that we should believe them. I didn't say that we should believe in prayer either. I said that a belief in prayer isn't necessarily irrational.
Again, I'm not certain what you mean by a "belief in prayer". Believing that an unrelated act influenced events is irrational.

By your criteria, before there was evidence to support the fact that the earth is round, the opinion that the earth was flat was irrational (and it wouldn't have been simply a matter of opinion that it was irrational).
Before there was evidence to support the fact that the earth is round the opinion that the earth was flat was rational but not true. That is the problem. We have a lot of evidence, logic and reason to suppose that it is not true.

There is no evidence against at least some Christian beliefs in prayer, specifically those in conjunction with belief in a God who doesn't want us to know for certain of his existence. I'm just not sure how you can accurately calculate the probability of such a belief being true.
If it is that an unrelated act (prayer) influences events then that would be irrational.

I'm tired.

I will grant you your long argued position that an opinion that unrelated acts can possibly alter events is not necessarily irrational.

But that is it.

I think you've sustained that much.
 
What problem?
It's a white elephant in the room if you can't see it I can't make you see it.

You snuck the word "miracle" in there...
I snuck it?


Let's see, you said:

If the purpose of a miracle is to make clear God's existance to everyone in the world, then I would agree that the purpose of miracles would be for naught.
:rolleyes: Odd, it sure looks like you used the word miracle. Maybe it is just my eyes.

Very well then. We are in agreement. All beliefs are rational, including the Christian belief in prayer. Case closed!
Non-sequitur.

Yes, it's extremely simply to determine what is and is not rational...ALL beliefs are and are not rational by the definition above.
No, by your logic day = night. :( Not all beliefs are equally probable. The more light the more day it is. The more likely the belief to be true the more rational. Noon is daytime and a belief in gravity is rational. Midnight is night and a belief that rabbits feet can alter unconnected events is irrational.

...it is without a doubt possible that prayer influences the outcome of at least some events.
Curiouser and curiouser. It is without a doubt possible that prayer influences the outcome of ALL events.

It is no more probable that prayer influences some events than it does all events.

Therefore, compared to #1 (that there is a good likelihood that there is intelligent life outside of our solar system) it is clear that to believe a fact over a "good liklihood" should be more rational.
"Fact"? What "fact"?

It can be argued that #2 has no evidence.
But it does have logic and reason.

It can be argued that #3 may have reason (#3) as in "a Christian has reason to believe that prayer can influence the outcome of events."
We are all waiting breathlessly for this reason. Please don't keep us in suspense.

However, you admitted that you CANNOT show that rabbit's feet are not related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by it.
This is fallacy. The inability to prove a negative doesn't render the irrational rational. I can't prove that Santa Claus doesn't exist. It is still not rational to believe in Santa Claus. The fact is that there is no logical connection. That is a falsifiable claim btw and I note that you have not yet falsified it. That all things are possible doesn't mean that all things are probable. Just because it is possible that the real world doesn't exist doesn't mean that it is probable that the real world doesn't exist.

Therefore, even if we accept your premise, you cannot use it to show that belief in rabbit's feet is irrational.
Sorry, if we used your logic there would be no such thing as superstitions. And there are.

No, a belief in rabbit's feet is not necessarily irrational by definition, as demonstrated above.
Not according to the dictionary.
 
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I'm not sure of your use of the word "subjective". Could you define your usage of the word. It is true that Drake's Equation is purely theoretical, abstract. It is of the mind. Is that what you mean?

Subjective (as opposed to "objective") means "particular to a given person; personal." The choices of values for the variables are based on personal opinion rather than any scientific consensus or known fact.

There is no direct evidence that there is intelligent life on other planets. Be careful here my friend. There was no direct evidence for Einstein's theory of relativity either. I never said that there had to be direct evidence. Only logic and reason (#3). Drake's equation is logic and reason based on observations of real world phenomenon. It is irrational if there is no evidence, no mechanism (no logical connection) and no logic and reason (#3) to suppose that it is true.

Emphasis mine. I think you meant "or" rather than "and" since you've already admitted that there are many things (gravity for example) which are rational to believe in but have no known mechanism.

First, and most important, Drake's equation doesn't calculate the probability of intelligent life existing elsewhere in our galaxy. It returns the number of communicating civilizations in our galaxy given the probability of intelligent life existing in the galaxy as input (particularly variables fl, fi, fc, and fL).

Second, when I said that Drake's equation is subjective, I meant that although the math might be accurate, the subjectivity is simply removed one level to the variables. You claim that the equation is "based on observations of real world phenomenon" but there are no objective criteria by which you choose the value of most of the variables. Specifically, I would also be interested in knowing exactly what observations of real world phenomenon you used to give variables fl, fi, fc, and fL (the ones where you provide the probability of intelligent life existing elsewhere in the galaxy) of Drake's equation values other than 0% (which might at least be backed up by evidence since there is no evidence whatsoever of life outside of our solar system). Sure, it can be argued that the values should at least be greater than 0% even if very low, but the same can be true of prayer and almost anything else that's possible.

FWIW, there is no such math to calculate the probability of God's existence.

As I said, Drake's equation doesn't calculate the probability of anything (it takes probability as an input). But yes there are mathematical formulas for calculating the probability of God's existence. In fact, one example was discussed on another thread on this forum a while back. Granted, the equation was undoubtedly subjective the same way Drake's is and you would likely disagree with the values placed on the variables the same way one might disagree with the values you've used in Drake's equation.

No one said "accurately" on a degree of probability and bear in mind Drakes Equations only take into account a single galaxy.

There is a large degree of uncertainty between 0% and 100% probability, which are the currently estimated values of some of the variables as you yourself admitted:

Question: On what percentage of the planets that are capable of sustaining life does life actually evolve?
Answer: Current estimates range from 100% (where life can evolve it will) down to close to 0%.

Question: On the planets where life does evolve, what percentage evolves intelligent life?
Answer: Estimates range from 100% (intelligence is such a survival advantage that it will certainly evolve) down to near 0%.

Question: What is the probability of intelligent life elsewhere in our galaxy?
Answer: Between 0% and 100%.

My point was that if you cannot calculate the probability of the two things you're comparing with any degree of accuracy (in this case the probability that prayer works compared to the probability of intelligent life existing elsewhere) then it's impossible to objectively rank them on Tricky's Scale O' Rationality. Whatever ranking you choose is subject to debate.

"Exact probability"? Your strawman are procreating. No one has suggested an exact probability that is in your head.

Remove "exact" and my point still stands. It is impossible to calculate the probability of all things to any degree of certainty that would allow you to rank them in an objective way.

Lacking any empirical evidence, mechanism, or real world logic and reason then a belief that a logically unconnected act (prayer) can influence events is irrational.

That appears to be your opinion, yes.

-Bri
 
I'm not sure of your use of the word "subjective". Could you define your usage of the word. It is true that Drake's Equation is purely theoretical, abstract. It is of the mind. Is that what you mean?

I took her to mean that the value of certain variables in Drakes equation are unknown and currently unknowable. Thus, whatever value is used for those variables in the equation is subjective, not objective, and therefore, the results of the equation are subjective.

By altering the value of the subjective variable(s), one can arrive at any result one wants to arrive at using Drake's equation. GIGO applies - it only computes a "reasonable" probability if the values of ALL the variables are "reasonable". Since some variables are completely unknown as to their value, it's not a particularly good support for your argument.

eta: I see Bri answered this at the same time I did
 
You keep saying a "belief in prayer". I can't really respond because I don't know what that means.

In this discussion, I believe we've both used the phrase to mean "belief that prayer affects the outcome of events." We agreed early on that we weren't discussing other possible beliefs in prayer.

Before there was evidence to support the fact that the earth is round the opinion that the earth was flat was rational but not true. That is the problem.

Yes, I think that is THE problem (probably the crux of the whole discussion). According to your criteria, it would have been irrational to be of the opinion that the world was round because there was little evidence to support it (nor am I aware of evidence against it other than the Bible). In my opinion, if something is true then it's not necessarily irrational. And if there is no solid evidence for or against something then it is not necessarily irrational.

You also state that it was rational (but not true) to believe that the earth was flat. That is interesting, since I'm not aware of evidence of a flat earth other than the Bible. Was there solid evidence that the world was flat (other than the Bible), or just that with a lack of evidence a flat earth would have to be the default position?

We have a lot of evidence, logic and reason to suppose that it is not true.

Now we do, yes. Then we didn't. So, you are saying that without evidence, the opinion that the earth was flat was rational, but the opinion that the earth was round was necessarily irrational?

If it is that an unrelated act (prayer) influences events then that would be irrational.

But if prayer were not unrelated (as Christians believe), then it would be rational.

I'm tired.

I will grant you your long argued position that an opinion that unrelated acts can possibly alter events is not necessarily irrational.

But that is it.

I think you've sustained that much.

I'm tired as well, but I do appreciate the thoughtful discussion. If an "unrelated" act were to alter events, then it wouldn't be "unrelated" right? Otherwise, I think you already said in a previous post that a belief that something is possible is rational, so you don't appear to be conceding much here.

-Bri
 
It's a white elephant in the room if you can't see it I can't make you see it.

I really don't see the problem with the statement that "[God's] ability is not limited and yet he never answers a category of prayer." It seems to be fully in line with Christian belief, and with scripture (neither of which seem to indicate otherwise).

I snuck it?

Let's see, you said:

:rolleyes: Odd, it sure looks like you used the word miracle. Maybe it is just my eyes.

You need to direct your eyes back to the message to which I was responding to see where you snuck it in (emphases are mine):


Why are there categories of prayer that are never answered?

God works in mysterious ways. God doesn't want us to know he exists. God only grants prayers that are ultimately for our own good. Take your pick. If those aren't good enough, I may be able to come up with more. If the Christian God exists, we likely couldn't know for certain what his reasons might be.

If the purpose of a miracle is to manifest god and we can't tell the miracles from the non-miracles then the purpose of prayer and miracles is for-naught. (please note emphasis)

If the purpose of a miracle is to make clear God's existance to everyone in the world, then I would agree that the purpose of miracles would be for naught.

Moving on...

Non-sequitur.

I tend to agree, but it was your non-sequitur:


Irrational means that there is a degree of irrationality. Just as wet means to a degree wet.

I see, and rational means that there is a degree of rationality. I concede that all beliefs are both rational and irrational by those definitions. Unfortunately, those aren't very useful definitions.

Not quite my definition but in any event quite useful. When is day not night? There is a gradient. Some people are more rational than others.

Very well then. We are in agreement. All beliefs are rational, including the Christian belief in prayer. Case closed!

...

Yes, it's extremely simply to determine what is and is not rational...ALL beliefs are and are not rational by the definition above.

Which leads us to...

No, by your logic day = night. :(

Sorry, I was using your logic (or rather, assuming your claim that you were using a definition of "irrational" that means that there is a degree of irrationality). I was pointing out that such definitions aren't very useful, and render statements such as "belief that prayer can affect events is irrational" meaningless since all beliefs are irrational by that definition. It also renders the statement "belief that prayer can affect events is rational" equally true. If that's truly what you meant, then we are in complete agreement, but somehow I suspect you had a different definition of "irrational" in mind.

Curiouser and curiouser. It is without a doubt possible that prayer influences the outcome of ALL events.

It is no more probable that prayer influences some events than it does all events.

I may not have been clear enough, and really it was a minor point. I was pointing out that the word "can" in "prayer can influence the outcome of events" is ambiguous and may mean "can possibly" in this context, in which case the third statement is a fact and would be more rational than the others which are not facts. The probability that it is possible that some prayers are granted (that prayer can influence the outcome of events) is 100%. The probabilty that there is intelligent life outside of our solar system is probably somewhere greater than 0% and less than 100%.

I assume you meant "does" rather than "can" (i.e. prayer does influence the outcome of events).

We are all waiting breathlessly for this reason. Please don't keep us in suspense.

(Note that you're using a different definition of the word "reason" above)

  • "I have reason (#3) to believe that prayer works because I believe that the Bible says so."
  • "I have reason (#3) to believe that prayer works because I prayed for my mother to recover from her cancer despite the doctor giving her 1 week to live and she did."
  • "I have reason (#3) to believe that prayer works because I believe in God."

I can go on if you like. Of course, it is reasonable to argue against these reasons (not #3), but then it is also reasonable to argue against whatever reason (not #3) one might have to believe that intelligent life exists outside of the solar system.

This is fallacy. The inability to prove a negative doesn't render the irrational rational.

I never said that it renders the irrational rational, nor that it renders a belief in rabbit's feet rational. I said that you haven't proven the belief to be necessarily irrational. You were arguing that the belief is irrational by definition based on the premise that belief in something is irrational if it is not related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by it. Since you cannot show that rabbit's feet aren't related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by them, you haven't shown the belief in rabbit's feet to be irrational even if we accept your premise.

Sorry, if we used your logic there would be no such thing as superstitions. And there are.

Not according to the dictionary.

The word "evil" is defined as "the quality of being morally bad or wrong." It is used as an abstract term of convenience to label certain actions that one feels are morally bad or wrong. Since a Christian believes premarital sex to be morally wrong, then a Christian believes it to be evil. However, the definition cannot be used to prove that premarital sex is morally bad or wrong.

Does that mean that there is no such thing as "evil?" Of course not, only that evil is in the eye of the beholder.

Likewise, "superstition" is an abstract term of convenience used to label certain beliefs that one feels are irrational. The definition cannot be used to prove that a certain belief is necessarily irrational.

-Bri
 
I took her to mean that the value of certain variables in Drakes equation are unknown and currently unknowable. Thus, whatever value is used for those variables in the equation is subjective, not objective, and therefore, the results of the equation are subjective.

By altering the value of the subjective variable(s), one can arrive at any result one wants to arrive at using Drake's equation. GIGO applies - it only computes a "reasonable" probability if the values of ALL the variables are "reasonable". Since some variables are completely unknown as to their value, it's not a particularly good support for your argument.

eta: I see Bri answered this at the same time I did

Thanks, Beth. You said it better than I did.

If any one of the variables is "0" then the result is also "0." I notice that the interactive page doesn't let you put in 0 for any of the numbers.

It also bears repeating that Drake's equation does not produce the probability that there are communicating civilizations in our galaxy. The probability is input as variables, and the number of communicating civilizations in our galaxy is produced by the equation based on the number of planets in the galaxy that are capable of sustaining life, which is also unknown and is also input as variables.

-Bri
 
Not a very compelling argument, unfortunately. If God exists, there is evidence for it if he chooses to make himself known. And although we might fail to recognize the evidence for intelligent life if it is significantly different than us, an omnipotent God could ensure that we would recognize his existence if he so chose.
I am told repeatedly that God (meaning the Christian God) wants us to know Him and His son. An omnipotent God could easily let us know Him, yet He chooses not to. (And I mean "know" as objective knowledge, not faith) This is strong evidence against the Christian concept of God.

BTW, I believe RandFan mentioned in a previous post his opinion that belief in the Deist God is rational while belief in the Christian God isn't (which is why I mentioned the Deist God).
Well, RF and I aren't exactly on the same page, but I understand what he means. The definition of a the Deist God includes that He cannot distinguished apart from nature. In other words, a universe that included a Deist God would be exactly the same as a universe without a Deist God. So in that, one could say that the total absence of evidence for God still rationally allows the existence of a Deist God. Here, though, RandFan and I differ. I think that adding on a concept of God to a system which works perfectly well without such a concept is not completely rational. Occam and all that stuff.

Both are potentially knowable if they exist.
One is potentially knowable but inaccessible (life in other solar systems). The other is (supposedly) omnipresent, yet still cannot be detected. I think there's a big difference.

While it is true that there is evidence of intelligent life in our solar system, I believe the question was about the existence of intelligent life outside of our solar system for which there is no evidence whatsoever.
That was just the first sentence where I was setting up the scenario for my extrapolation.

And yet there still is no evidence of it. There are plenty of teapots on our planet. Can one reasonably extrapolate that there is one orbiting Saturn?
There is evidence of life. That is, by itself, a great deal more evidence than there is for God.

So teapots are your choice? Okay. One characteristic of intelligence is that it manipulates objects. Primitive tools are, for example, one thing we use to judge the intelligence of our ancestors. One of the most common tools is a containing/cooking device. One might reasonably assume that such devices would be among the thinks we would find if we were to discover extra-solar intelligence. So since specialized pottery, e.g. teapots, exist among intelligent cultures here, it could be extrapolated that there might be extra-solar corollaries to this device if we were able to observe them.

By the way, Saturn is in this solar system. Nobody here is (yet) suggesting there is intelligent life on or around Saturn. How about "in orbit around Xumphidious 5"?

What is the difference between space aliens and intelligent life outside of our solar system?
Nothing really. I just sometimes use different words so my posts won't be too boring. Of course, you could argue that space aliens are extra-terrestrial life that has made it into space. Do you have a preference for which term I use?

So, if something exists in one place, it would be rational to believe that it exists elsewhere, such as a teapot orbiting Saturn? We'd even know what to look for if we found it (which was another criteria you suggested above).
It would be more rational to believe in something for which we have a known example that in something for which there is no known example.

But you know, Europa is a moon orbiting Saturn which is covered, for the most part, with water. If you had to pick a place in the solar system for there to be a slight chance at life (if not teapots), orbiting Saturn would be one of the most promising.

I can tell you that it wouldn't matter what evidence God might leave. If an omnipotent being wanted us to know of his existence, there would be no question of our recognizing the evidence.
Exactly what I have been saying. According to Christians, God wants us to believe in him. Yet He chooses to leave no evidence to help us believe? I'm putting that one on the "less rational" end of the scale.

On the other hand, if an extra terrestrial were significantly different than we are, you would have no idea what sorts of evidence one might leave.
Yes you would, if you have sufficiently defined "intelligent". It would leave things that suggested qualities that satisfied that definition. Manipulation of matter and energy would be a good start, which is why SETI checks the skies to see if they can detect any energy that shows signs of manipulation.

On the other hand, it would be very clear what would constitute evidence of a teapot orbiting Saturn.
Really? Like what? Tea-rings? ;)
 
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I am told repeatedly that God (meaning the Christian God) wants us to know Him and His son. An omnipotent God could easily let us know Him, yet He chooses not to. (And I mean "know" as objective knowledge, not faith) This is strong evidence against the Christian concept of God.

I agree, it is clear that if an omnipotent God wants us to know for certain of his existence, that he could ensure it. Which is why I suspect that most Christians qualify their belief, for example that God wants us to know him of our own free will or something similar.

Well, RF and I aren't exactly on the same page, but I understand what he means.

I do too, and I agree with most of his opinions. I simply think that they are just that: opinions. When he says things like "what is and isn't rational isn't simply a matter of opinion" then I have to disagree.

One is potentially knowable but inaccessible (life in other solar systems). The other is (supposedly) omnipresent, yet still cannot be detected. I think there's a big difference.

An omnipotent God who doesn't want us to detect him would be pretty inaccessible I would think. And pretty knowable too if he decided that he wanted us to know of his existence.

That was just the first sentence where I was setting up the scenario for my extrapolation.

There is evidence of life. That is, by itself, a great deal more evidence than there is for God.

True, evidence for life would indicate that it is possible for life to exist elsewhere. But evidence of life (even intelligent life) is at best very weak evidence of intelligent life outside of the solar system.

Although I happen to agree with you, whether it is "a great deal more" evidence than for God is a matter of opinion, and certainly whether it is rational to believe one but irrational to believe the other is also a matter of opinion.

So teapots are your choice?

Not really, I was just coming up with an example of something that most would consider "irrational" that fits the criteria you were using to allow the belief in intelligent life outside of the solar system to be rational. The teapot orbitting Saturn is an example that is often used of an object that we know exists, but that no evidence indicates exists anywhere but on earth. I could have just as easily said that because we know that giraffes living on land would be evidence of giraffes living in the ocean.

Okay. One characteristic of intelligence is that it manipulates objects. Primitive tools are, for example, one thing we use to judge the intelligence of our ancestors. One of the most common tools is a containing/cooking device. One might reasonably assume that such devices would be among the thinks we would find if we were to discover extra-solar intelligence. So since specialized pottery, e.g. teapots, exist among intelligent cultures here, it could be extrapolated that there might be extra-solar corollaries to this device if we were able to observe them.

By the way, Saturn is in this solar system. Nobody here is (yet) suggesting there is intelligent life on or around Saturn. How about "in orbit around Xumphidious 5"?

That's why I chose Saturn rather than Xumphidious 5. I was trying to avoid the argument that intelligent life outside of the solar system might create a teapot. My question was simply: if we know X exists, is it always rational to assume that X exists elsewhere when there is no evidence of it (as your criteria seemed to imply)?

Nothing really. I just sometimes use different words so my posts won't be too boring. Of course, you could argue that space aliens are extra-terrestrial life that has made it into space. Do you have a preference for which term I use?

Not at all. I was just making sure that you weren't differentiating between the two terms in some way.

It would be more rational to believe in something for which we have a known example that in something for which there is no known example.

Except that by this criteria, it is more rational to believe that there are intelligent humans living outside of our solar system than to believe that the intelligent life would not be human. What are the chances that another planet would evolve exactly like ours? In order to resolve this, we need to throw another qualifier onto the stack. This could go on forever (adding more and more qualifiers) until we get very specific, essentially making a list of the beliefs that are rational and the ones that are irrational.

Short of that, I don't think you'll be able to come up with a reasonable set of criteria for determing that arbitrary belief A is necessarily more rational than abritrary belief B. Far simpler would be to admit that it's just not so cut and dry.

Exactly what I have been saying. According to Christians, God wants us to believe in him. Yet He chooses to leave no evidence to help us believe? I'm putting that one on the "less rational" end of the scale.

If that were the belief (without qualifiers such as the one mentioned above) then I would tend to agree with you.

My point here is that if being able to recognize the truth of the belief if we were to see it is an issue in determining rationality, recognizing God would win over recognizing intelligent life outside of the solar system, because God could make certain of it.

Yes you would, if you have sufficiently defined "intelligent". It would leave things that suggested qualities that satisfied that definition. Manipulation of matter and energy would be a good start, which is why SETI checks the skies to see if they can detect any energy that shows signs of manipulation.

Really? Like what? Tea-rings? ;)

If one of our unmanned spacecraft were to bump into the teapot and take a picture of it, we would likely recognize it. If a spacecraft were to find an intelligent plant on another planet and take a picture of it, we might not recognize its intelligence unless it could somehow communicate with us.

-Bri
 
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I agree, it is clear that if an omnipotent God wants us to know for certain of his existence, that he could ensure it. Which is why I suspect that most Christians qualify their belief, for example that God wants us to know him of our own free will or something similar.
I would suspect that most Christians feel God has provided evidence because they believe that they have seen miracles. I seriously doubt that many of them have made any sort of critical examination of God-given miracles versus plain old random occurrences. They choose to believe that rainbows and such are evidence of God.

I do too, and I agree with most of his opinions. I simply think that they are just that: opinions. When he says things like "what is and isn't rational isn't simply a matter of opinion" then I have to disagree.
Here, I agree with RandFan. If there are no rules for what is rational, then it doesn't really mean anything. Rationalizing is not the same thing as being rational.

An omnipotent God who doesn't want us to detect him would be pretty inaccessible I would think. And pretty knowable too if he decided that he wanted us to know of his existence.
It is the whole idea of a God who wants us to accept him but will not lift a finger to help us that is ludicrous to me. This description of God is one of those very irrational things in which the conclusions deny the premise.

True, evidence for life would indicate that it is possible for life to exist elsewhere. But evidence of life (even intelligent life) is at best very weak evidence of intelligent life outside of the solar system.
And again, this is because the evidence, if it exists, is inaccessible. The strength of the evidence is simply unknown. Consider the existence of the planet Pluto. It was not known for many many years because the instruments for detecting it did not exist. Yet Pluto was discovered because it seemed rational that other, small, more distant planets existed. After all, we have discovered new planets before. Would you say that it is irrational that we may discover a tenth, eleventh or greater planet? Do you think it is irrational that there may be comets that orbit the sun that we don't know about yet? There certainly isn't any evidence of them... yet.

Although I happen to agree with you, whether it is "a great deal more" evidence than for God is a matter of opinion, and certainly whether it is rational to believe one but irrational to believe the other is also a matter of opinion.
I disagree that it is a matter of opinion, as long as we agree what constitutes evidence. If you tell me that you accept anecdotes as evidence, I might be able to show you anecdotes for other things that you possibly would agree are irrational, from divination to demons to dowsing.

Not really, I was just coming up with an example of something that most would consider "irrational" that fits the criteria you were using to allow the belief in intelligent life outside of the solar system to be rational. The teapot orbiting Saturn is an example that is often used of an object that we know exists, but that no evidence indicates exists anywhere but on earth. I could have just as easily said that because we know that giraffes living on land would be evidence of giraffes living in the ocean.
Yes, but you spoil it by specifying a required location "Saturn" or "the ocean". Why can't you just ask if it is rational that "teapots exist elsewhere" or "giraffe-like creatures may exist elsewhere". This is a logical fallacy called "poisoning the well". A corollary to your logic would be for an untraveled person to say that since we haven't detected elephants at the bottom of the sea, it is silly to think that they exist anywhere but Africa.

That's why I chose Saturn rather than Xumphidious 5. I was trying to avoid the argument that intelligent life outside of the solar system might create a teapot. My question was simply: if we know X exists, is it always rational to assume that X exists elsewhere when there is no evidence of it (as your criteria seemed to imply)?
No, not to assume, but to believe it possible, even likely with proper odds (Like billions of planets). But if you restrict "elsewhere" to a single location, then you are, as I say, poisoning the well.

Not at all. I was just making sure that you weren't differentiating between the two terms in some way.
And as I admit, I probably should have not used them interchangeably. Space aliens are in space, not on other planets. Normally, we speak of space aliens as those creatures that UFO devotees believe in. My bad.

Except that by this criteria, it is more rational to believe that there are intelligent humans living outside of our solar system than to believe that the intelligent life would not be human. What are the chances that another planet would evolve exactly like ours? In order to resolve this, we need to throw another qualifier onto the stack. This could go on forever (adding more and more qualifiers) until we get very specific, essentially making a list of the beliefs that are rational and the ones that are irrational.
I've tried to be very careful to use such terms as "giraffe-like". But since (by all evidence) other planets are working with the same building blocks as we are, that you would expect some similarities in what you build with them. Plus, I have already said that we must first define "intelligent" before we can look for intelligent life. It must be a definition that is flexible enough to allow for wide variations in methodology.

As an offshoot, I really like science fiction that does good aliens. David Brin's "Uplift" series is my favorite. He manages to create a vast array of morphologically, sociologically and theologically diverse critters, but they all have some things in common. For example, they all manipulate matter and energy in a creative fashion.

Short of that, I don't think you'll be able to come up with a reasonable set of criteria for determine that arbitrary belief A is necessarily more rational than arbitrary belief B. Far simpler would be to admit that it's just not so cut and dry.
I agree that is is not cut and dried, but I deny that it is arbitrary. I don't really think you want to take the position that all beliefs are equally rational. How could you possibly even define "rational"? Do you have a definition for "rational"?


If that were the belief (without qualifiers such as the one mentioned above) then I would tend to agree with you.

My point here is that if being able to recognize the truth of the belief if we were to see it is an issue in determining rationality, recognizing God would win over recognizing intelligent life outside of the solar system, because God could make certain of it.
Yes, and God could make a boulder too large for Him to lift. :rolleyes:

No, Bri, this premise has contradicting assumptions. It is illogical. When one plays hide-and-seek, the "hider" does not wish to be found. If God wanted us to find Him, He would not hide.

If one of our unmanned spacecraft were to bump into the teapot and take a picture of it, we would likely recognize it.
Which is highly unlikely. We can't even find our own junk we've left in orbit around Earth. The data is inaccessible.

If a spacecraft were to find an intelligent plant on another planet and take a picture of it, we might not recognize its intelligence unless it could somehow communicate with us.
If your definition of intelligence included the ability to communicate (which I think any reasonable definition should) then that plant would not fit our definition of intelligent. Obviously, we might have to learn more about the plant before we could ascertain its intelligence. The same is true of earthly creatures.
 
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No, Bri, this premise has contradicting assumptions. It is illogical. When one plays hide-and-seek, the "hider" does not wish to be found.

Then you haven't played hide-and-seek with a toddler recently! :D
 
I would suspect that most Christians feel God has provided evidence because they believe that they have seen miracles. I seriously doubt that many of them have made any sort of critical examination of God-given miracles versus plain old random occurrences. They choose to believe that rainbows and such are evidence of God.

Yes, but those Christians cannot deny that not everyone knows for certain that God exists (even if they claim that they personally do know that God exists). So, I agree it would indeed be irrational for them to believe that God wants everyone to know for certain that he exists. While rainbows might be evidence of God for some people, it's weak evidence at best -- it certainly doesn't prove God's existence by any means.

Here, I agree with RandFan. If there are no rules for what is rational, then it doesn't really mean anything. Rationalizing is not the same thing as being rational.

I hate to burst your bubble, but there are no such rules, particularly concerning opinions for which there is no clear evidence one way or the other.

It is the whole idea of a God who wants us to accept him but will not lift a finger to help us that is ludicrous to me. This description of God is one of those very irrational things in which the conclusions deny the premise.

Again I agree that a belief that an omnipotent God wants us to accept him by any means necessary but doesn't seem to have the ability to make us accept him would be irrational. But I suspect that Christians probably believe that God wants us to accept him by choice rather than being coerced or forced.

And again, this is because the evidence, if it exists, is inaccessible. The strength of the evidence is simply unknown.

The evidence brought by an omnipotent God would be the strongest evidence possible. It would be irrefutable if God wanted it to be irrefutable. Your criteria that belief in intelligent life outside of the solar system is more rational than belief in the existence of God because it is more knowable but less accessible is unfounded, because it is actually the opposite (the existence of God is clearly more knowable and less accessible).

Consider the existence of the planet Pluto. It was not known for many many years because the instruments for detecting it did not exist. Yet Pluto was discovered because it seemed rational that other, small, more distant planets existed. After all, we have discovered new planets before. Would you say that it is irrational that we may discover a tenth, eleventh or greater planet? Do you think it is irrational that there may be comets that orbit the sun that we don't know about yet? There certainly isn't any evidence of them... yet.

No, I wouldn't say it's necessarily irrational to believe anything for which we have no solid evidence of one way or the other (I thought that was your argument). Pluto was (at the time) knowable (under the right circumstances) but not accessible (because of the current circumstances). It would not have necessarily been irrational to believe that it existed due to lack of evidence. It is not irrational to believe that there are comets that orbit the sun even though we have no evidence for them (also knowable under the right circumstances, but not currently accessible). The same would probably hold for belief in the existence of a God who doesn't currently want us to know of his existence (also knowable under the right circumstances, but not currently accessible). Even though there is no evidence for it, it is not necessarily irrational to believe it. You kind of just made my argument for me, but I can use all the help I can get!

I disagree that it is a matter of opinion, as long as we agree what constitutes evidence. If you tell me that you accept anecdotes as evidence, I might be able to show you anecdotes for other things that you possibly would agree are irrational, from divination to demons to dowsing.

I'm not arguing whether anecdotal evidence "counts" or not. Whether it constitute "valid" evidence is a matter of opinion (and also probably depends on the nature of the anecdote). I don't think it helps whether you allow anecdotal evidence or not when it comes to defining objective criteria for determining whether one belief is more or less rational than another when there is no solid evidence (anecdotal or otherwise). You can say that anecdotal evidence isn't allowed as one of your criteria if you like.

Yes, but you spoil it by specifying a required location "Saturn" or "the ocean". Why can't you just ask if it is rational that "teapots exist elsewhere" or "giraffe-like creatures may exist elsewhere". This is a logical fallacy called "poisoning the well".

My example wasn't intended to poison the well, but I understand your concern and realize that it might have done so. You have also fell into the same trap and poisoned the well by insisting on "giraffe-like creatures" rather than giraffes! So, let's split the difference. Do you think it is more rational to believe that giraffes identical to our own or even people identical to us exist outside of our solar system than to believe that aliens unlike us exist outside of our solar system? I would think that the probability might be higher that extra-terrestirals wouldn't look like us (or like giraffes) given the nature of evolution. However, by your criteria you would have to admit it more rational for human beings or giraffes to exist than something else since we have examples of humans and giraffes existing, or else you'd have to add another criteria to resolve it. Like I said, you can keep adding new criteria and I can (possibly) keep coming up with examples that are counter to it, or you can admit that there are no rules for determining the rationality of beliefs for which there is no solid evidence.

No, not to assume, but to believe it possible, even likely with proper odds (Like billions of planets).

The question wasn't whether it was rational to believe it possible that intelligent life exists outside of the solar system, but whether it was rational to believe that it does, despite a complete lack of solid evidence.

I've tried to be very careful to use such terms as "giraffe-like". But since (by all evidence) other planets are working with the same building blocks as we are, that you would expect some similarities in what you build with them. Plus, I have already said that we must first define "intelligent" before we can look for intelligent life. It must be a definition that is flexible enough to allow for wide variations in methodology.

Your choice of "giraffe-like" was poisoning the well. I would imagine that the chances of two completely separate species evolving on a complete separate planets evolving in exactly the same way would be lower than two different species evolving on separate worlds. Yet your criteria (unless you introduce a new one) seems to imply that it is more rational to assume that if X exists here, X exists elsewhere than to assume that if X exists here, Y exists elsewhere.

As an offshoot, I really like science fiction that does good aliens. David Brin's "Uplift" series is my favorite. He manages to create a vast array of morphologically, sociologically and theologically diverse critters, but they all have some things in common. For example, they all manipulate matter and energy in a creative fashion.

I've not read the series, but I'll have to check it out from the library. I enjoyed "Perdido Street Station" (which also has some pretty nifty races in it) but it was quite dark and depressing (and lengthy!).

I agree that is is not cut and dried, but I deny that it is arbitrary.

Oh, OK, then I misunderstood your position. Then we may be in agreement, except that I still disagree with RandFan's statement that the rationality of one opinion compared to another is not a matter of opinion when it comes to beliefs for which there is no clear evidence either way. True, the processes we use to determine something to be more or less likely arent arbitrary, but in some cases they are subjective (i.e. a matter of personal opinion). I don't think that if you come to a different conclusion than I do when the evidence doesn't clearly point either way, that either belief is necessarily less rational than the other. It simply means that we viewed and evaluated the evidence differently.

I don't really think you want to take the position that all beliefs are equally rational. How could you possibly even define "rational"? Do you have a definition for "rational"?

I don't think that all beliefs are equally rational. Any belief is irrational if it is inconsistent (contradicts logic or contradicts itself). I can even agree that a belief would be irrational if it was held to be fact when it wasn't fact, or if held without a valid reason. However, I don't think that we can clearly and objectively differentiate between some beliefs for which there is no solid evidence one way or another.

Yes, and God could make a boulder too large for Him to lift. :rolleyes:

No, Bri, this premise has contradicting assumptions. It is illogical. When one plays hide-and-seek, the "hider" does not wish to be found. If God wanted us to find Him, He would not hide.

I think you may have misunderstood my point here. I was trying to address a point you made several posts ago suggesting that being able to recognize potential evidence of a belief might be a criteria by which the belief is more rational than a belief for which we wouldn't be able to recognize potential evidence:


I can tell you what evidence intelligent extraterrestrials might potentially leave. Can you tell me what evidence God might potentially leave?

By the criteria you seem to be suggesting, belief in God would be more rational hands down, because God (being omnipotent) could leave irrefutable and entirely unambiguous evidence of his existence if he so chose.

Which is highly unlikely. We can't even find our own junk we've left in orbit around Earth. The data is inaccessible.

Again, you implied earlier that inaccessibility of data is a criteria by which a belief can be deemed more rational than another belief for which the data is more accessible. If so, then belief in God wins again. God would be about as inaccessible as you can get if he so chose.

So, to recap...you said that recognizability of evidence were it to become available and inaccessibility of said evidence were criteria by which one belief might be deemed more rational than another. But God wins on both counts (so does a teapot existing elsewhere) over extra terrestrials.

If your definition of intelligence included the ability to communicate (which I think any reasonable definition should) then that plant would not fit our definition of intelligent.

There is no reason to assume that intelligent plants would communicate in ways that we know about or can easily detect (subtle movements of leaves, emission of scent, etc).

Obviously, we might have to learn more about the plant before we could ascertain its intelligence. The same is true of earthly creatures.

Exactly my point. Even if it were right in front of us, we might not recognize it. Yet if an omnipotent God chose to make himself known to us, there would be no question that we would recognize the evidence.

-Bri
 
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Subjective (as opposed to "objective") means "particular to a given person; personal." The choices of values for the variables are based on personal opinion rather than any scientific consensus or known fact.
Thanks for your usage. I can't find that definition in any dictionary but that is fine. As long as we all know what you are talking about. A rose by anyother name.

First, and most important, Drake's equation doesn't calculate the probability of intelligent life existing elsewhere in our galaxy. It returns the number of communicating civilizations in our galaxy given the probability of intelligent life existing in the galaxy as input (particularly variables fl, fi, fc, and fL).

Second, when I said that Drake's equation is subjective, I meant that although the math might be accurate, the subjectivity is simply removed one level to the variables. You claim that the equation is "based on observations of real world phenomenon" but there are no objective criteria by which you choose the value of most of the variables. Specifically, I would also be interested in knowing exactly what observations of real world phenomenon you used to give variables fl, fi, fc, and fL (the ones where you provide the probability of intelligent life existing elsewhere in the galaxy) of Drake's equation values other than 0% (which might at least be backed up by evidence since there is no evidence whatsoever of life outside of our solar system). Sure, it can be argued that the values should at least be greater than 0% even if very low, but the same can be true of prayer and almost anything else that's possible.

As I said, Drake's equation doesn't calculate the probability of anything (it takes probability as an input). But yes there are mathematical formulas for calculating the probability of God's existence. In fact, one example was discussed on another thread on this forum a while back. Granted, the equation was undoubtedly subjective the same way Drake's is and you would likely disagree with the values placed on the variables the same way one might disagree with the values you've used in Drake's equation.

There is a large degree of uncertainty between 0% and 100% probability, which are the currently estimated values of some of the variables as you yourself admitted:

Question: What is the probability of intelligent life elsewhere in our galaxy?
Answer: Between 0% and 100%.

My point was that if you cannot calculate the probability of the two things you're comparing with any degree of accuracy (in this case the probability that prayer works compared to the probability of intelligent life existing elsewhere) then it's impossible to objectively rank them on Tricky's Scale O' Rationality. Whatever ranking you choose is subject to debate.

Remove "exact" and my point still stands. It is impossible to calculate the probability of all things to any degree of certainty that would allow you to rank them in an objective way.
I'm not going to parse and debate this. I really don't see the point. The important thing is that Drakes equation is a rational means to calculate the probability of intelligent life out side of our galaxy. It is accepted by the scientific community because it relies on our understanding of our world, the planets in our solar system, planets near us as well as many other objective criteria, and the probabilities of similar worlds in the galaxy, and again, that is just the galaxy.

Probability of intelligent life outside of our solar system? Pretty good when you consider the sheer number of ALL of the suns in the universe. That's something that science can objectively consider.

Prayer? Nothing to factor.
 
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I really don't see the problem with the statement that "[God's] ability is not limited and yet he never answers a category of prayer." It seems to be fully in line with Christian belief, and with scripture (neither of which seem to indicate otherwise).
How are you the arbiter of Christian belief? Are you talking true Christians? I don't buy that there is any such animal as "Christian belief". With all of the denominations and debates and the history of killing people because of differences in opinion I find that it really is difficult to say what "Christian belief" is. I would say that it is perhaps in line with some percentage of "Christian belief".

To answer your question, it raises a very important question to those with a scientific mind, why? This is the rational response. Of course, faith doesn't need to question anything much less God. God can help you find your eye glasses but never heal a child born without limbs. For the faithful it means nothing. For those who are willing to challenge their faith it means a lot.


I was pointing out that such definitions aren't very useful, and render statements such as "belief that prayer can affect events is irrational" meaningless since all beliefs are irrational by that definition.
And of course you are wrong, it does no such thing. The analogy demonstrates that perfectly. You are trying to make a false dichotomy. I'm not. The world isn't so black and white. We have day, night and in between.

It also renders the statement "belief that prayer can affect events is rational" equally true.
Of course not. No more than a gradient between day and night renders day equal to night.

The probability that it is possible that some prayers are granted (that prayer can influence the outcome of events) is 100%.
Irrational. There is no such thing as the probability that it is possible.

  • "I have reason (#3) to believe that prayer works because I believe that the Bible says so."
  • "I have reason (#3) to believe that prayer works because I prayed for my mother to recover from her cancer despite the doctor giving her 1 week to live and she did."
  • "I have reason (#3) to believe that prayer works because I believe in God."
None one of those fit the definition. You are using definition #1.

The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction.
That something is a motive does not mean that it provides logical sense.

An underlying fact or cause that provides logical sense for a premise or occurrence: There is reason to believe that the accused did

I never said that it renders the irrational rational, nor that it renders a belief in rabbit's feet rational. I said that you haven't proven the belief to be necessarily irrational. You were arguing that the belief is irrational by definition based on the premise that belief in something is irrational if it is not related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by it. Since you cannot show that rabbit's feet aren't related to the course of events that are believed to be influenced by them, you haven't shown the belief in rabbit's feet to be irrational even if we accept your premise.
??? Yes, I have. You can simply deny it but it is not reasonable to deny it. You have not given a logical rebuttal to my argument which is simply out of the dictionary btw. You should contact Websters to let them know that their use of the word is wrong.

One more time, I cannot show that Santa Claus isn't real. That I can't does not render the irrational rational. And yes, that is precisely what you are doing.

Likewise, "superstition" is an abstract term of convenience used to label certain beliefs that one feels are irrational. The definition cannot be used to prove that a certain belief is necessarily irrational.
Only in your mind. This is not accepted by the scientific community or the psychiatry community. This is simply a contrived notion with no basis in logic or reason.
 
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Yes, I think that is THE problem (probably the crux of the whole discussion). According to your criteria, it would have been irrational to be of the opinion that the world was round because there was little evidence to support it (nor am I aware of evidence against it other than the Bible). In my opinion, if something is true then it's not necessarily irrational. And if there is no solid evidence for or against something then it is not necessarily irrational.
This is not how I would use the word irrational and it is not how scientists, mathematicians, or psychologists use the word.

You also state that it was rational (but not true) to believe that the earth was flat. That is interesting, since I'm not aware of evidence of a flat earth other than the Bible. Was there solid evidence that the world was flat (other than the Bible), or just that with a lack of evidence a flat earth would have to be the default position?
There was observation. The world seemed flat. Absent contrary evidence, that was a rational conclusion.

Now we do, yes. Then we didn't. So, you are saying that without evidence, the opinion that the earth was flat was rational, but the opinion that the earth was round was necessarily irrational?
Absent evidence to the contrary it would have been viewed as irrational. Remember, truths are held provisionally. Relativity was seen as irrational by man when it was first suggested.

But if prayer were not unrelated (as Christians believe), then it would be rational.
Belief is insufficient. There must be an underlying logic using deduction or induction that logically leads us to make a conclusion beyond the notion that all things are possible. That doesn't tell us anything. That is a non starter.

I'm tired as well, but I do appreciate the thoughtful discussion. If an "unrelated" act were to alter events, then it wouldn't be "unrelated" right? Otherwise, I think you already said in a previous post that a belief that something is possible is rational, so you don't appear to be conceding much here.
Having a belief that all things are possible is not necessarily irrational so long as you don't act on that notion.

It's possible that I could win the lottery tomorrow. Acknowledging that fact isn't irrational. Spending my rent money to play the lottery is.

See, that is the difference. You want to make something of the notion that all things are possible. There is simply little to hang ones hat on. I may have reason (#1) to believe that I will win the lottery. A lucky horseshoe, four-leaf clover or mayonnaise on my elbow. The problem is that we can't use deduction or induction to arrive at the conclusion that these things will influence the lottery in my favor.
 
By altering the value of the subjective variable(s), one can arrive at any result one wants to arrive at using Drake's equation. GIGO applies - it only computes a "reasonable" probability if the values of ALL the variables are "reasonable". Since some variables are completely unknown as to their value, it's not a particularly good support for your argument.
What variables are completly unkown. I don't think you understand stastics and probabilities.

In any event, the word subjective isn't really appropriate here but that is fine.
 
Well, RF and I aren't exactly on the same page, but I understand what he means. The definition of a the Deist God includes that He cannot distinguished apart from nature. In other words, a universe that included a Deist God would be exactly the same as a universe without a Deist God. So in that, one could say that the total absence of evidence for God still rationally allows the existence of a Deist God. Here, though, RandFan and I differ. I think that adding on a concept of God to a system which works perfectly well without such a concept is not completely rational. Occam and all that stuff.
I would agree. I am no longer a Deist in part due to Occam so I concede that you are correct. I'm trying to find common ground with Bri,

I don't think that you can get around it, my conclusions are irrational from time to time. It's trickier than many think.

A fairly good site on rationality can be found here. It's not as esoteric as most that I have dug up in past days. I used to have some great links but I lost them in the great hard drive crash of 2005.

I'd love some if anyone has any BTW.
 
It is easy to define what “working” would entail. It is the essence of the Randi challenge. You simply agree that certain outcomes mean it works and other outcomes mean it doesn’t. If you wish to say prayer works, then you say what it means in advance. But unless you can find some way to demonstrate that the outcome satisfied the agreed-upon definition, then the term means nothing.

Well, I guess meaning is relative then. I will just insist that something can work without us knowing how it works...if you believe the earth is billions of years old this is pretty much the way it has *always* been, with the knowledge of how things work being a blip of a blip of a blip. Things have always worked, definitions notwithstanding.

“Truth” is another one of those things like this. You hear people say all the time “It is true for me.” But if truth is not demonstrably true for everyone, how can you possibly call it truth?

And if irrationality (as you and others see it) is not demonstrably irrational for everyone, how can you possibly call it irrationality?

The word to use isn't *can*, because clearly people can call things anything they want. Also, objective truth, imo, doesn't have to be demonstrably true for everyone.

It is NOT irrelevant to the people involved. It would be like saying “write a letter to me and I promise you your son in Iraq will read it.” Yes, you may feel better by doing it, but if it were exposed as a fake, do you not think the people who were told a falsehood would be outraged?

Yes.

No, it is not irrelevant at all if your heartfelt communication with God is not actually reaching its destination and you have no way of telling it.

I guess the analogy breaks down at "if it were exposed as a fake"...also, the heartfelt communication would be independent of outside intervention...as, with the letter, you'd need another *person* to get the letter to the son, whereas with prayer it's about the individual and God and nobody else.

Even after they learn that reindeer can’t fly, and that it would be physically impossible to visit every household in the world (or even a medium sized city) in a single night? You think it would still be rational for them to believe it? Yes, I can see we will never agree on what rational means.

Your phrase..."rational for them to believe it".

That's EXACTLY what I'm saying. Not rational *independent* of the individual, but rational *for* the individual.

Yes. If an encyclpedia proclaimed the true and actual and real existence of Santa Claus, I would think that foolish. However, if an individual believed in the existence of Santa Claus, I'd charitably reckon that it was rational for the individual to have that belief. Again, in your words, "it would still be rational for them". Not indepenedently rational/irrational, but dependently, on the individual.

As I’ve said earlier, we are all rational about some things and irrational about others.

Maybe. Again, I'd prefer right or wrong. Right and wrong are independent of thinking process, which I think is the difference between rational and right/wrong. Rational/irrational is a process, right and wrong just are.

When I say “irrational” I am only referring to the specific topic being discussed. I’m not talking about my irrational fear of cockroaches. If calling you irrational about God is an insult to you, then at least let it be a limited one. You can call me a coward about roaches without me considering that you think I am totally craven.

Understood, you're being very reasonable here.

Um… I’m not sure I see the deal here. I get a posthumous apology from a person who I didn’t wish dead?

I'm trying to determine the vitality of the particular charge of irrationality. That may or may not be relevant. Since I view rationality/irrationality as closely associated with the individual, I'm also interested in the consequences of the matter to the individual.

Yet God satisfies the description of imaginary beings. Not visible to others (as in do you see the same thing)? Check. Not audible (the same way) to others? Check. No objective evidence of His existence? Check.

Of course I accept that God is an imaginary being to some

What does it take for you to consider a thing imaginary?

Good question! I can't recall my/me ever saying, or telling someone, that something is imaginary. I'm sure I have. But nothing is coming to mind. Even with Santa Claus, and I've talked to several kids about Santa Claus...I've never told a kid that Santa Claus is imaginary. You look around and you see Santa Clauses. You talk about it reasonably with the kid...and whaddya know...at a certain age the kid comes to a realization and you don't have to be pedantic about it. No need to label the idea either.

Now, do I consider the idea of Santa Claus (guy living at the North Pole) imagainary? Sure. Do I obsess over that fact? No. I have an opinion about it, and I don't think about it that much. I only think about the fact that Santa Claus is imaginary when I am confronted with that statement on these boards. Believe it or not, most other communities have no need to dwell on that fact. :)

I don’t consider calling someone “irrational” to be calling them a name.

Fair enough. I don't think you're an ubermensch.

Ya know. Search for truth. That kind of stuff. If it is my weakness to need to know the truth, then that’s my cross to bear (to borrow a metaphor).

With search for truth, I think you'd agree with me that the skeptical person considers him/herself to be continually searching for truth. It doesn't stop. The non-skeptical person, or assuredly religious person, thinks that he/she has found the truth, and there's no need to keep searching. That doesn't mean that a religious person won't search for the truth in other avenues of course (maybe he/she is a detective or an auditor as a profession).

I'm just pointing out that the skeptic actually does believe that they have found the truth, and the truth is that they should continually search for the truth. That is the truth, and they are as dogmatic about that particular truth as religious are dogmatic about their religious truths.

That's what I meant when I brought up need. This need fuels the dogmatic belief that it is good to continually search for the truth and have threshholds for accepting truth and all that. I'm not placing a value judgment on that. I'm just saying that it's a need.

See, the religious think that truth is *unavoidable*. Searching for it...I won't say it's a waste of time...but we're gonna be smacked upside the head with it in the next one. The other aspect is that of faith, which is basically anathema to most here (nevermind that I can prove that there is such a think as a skeptical faith, if only because you need to have faith in the value of being a skeptic to be a skeptic). Not only do we believe that it's good to have faith, but we're also commanded to have faith. And again, that's not talking about *everything*, of course you can be skeptical in worldly matters and non-skeptical in religious matters, although some here are probably skeptical of *that* as well. :)

Yep. I am limited by my inability to believe myths. Damn cross.

Right. Now, when the Christian says that he/she is bearing a cross, we understand that we share in the suffering of Christ when we do just that. I think you're lacking that particular understanding. I think it's more like "I am what and how I am". You don't really believe it's a cross. I think you're content with your inability to believe myths (I'm not giving into your implication that Christianity is complete myth of course, just working in your framework). For the Christian, you ought not be content with the cross that you bear, and pray that the cross can be transformed, just like Christ used the cross not for complete defeat but total victory.

Try it if you imagine God is imaginary. I can imagine God. Can you imagine the absence of God?

Yes.

Yep. Wasted a lot of your life in a fruitless pursuit. Oh well.

Depends how you define fruit, or fruitless?

If religious people have a dozen kids out of a sense of religious obligation, I think it would be absurd to call that a fruitless pursuit of life. A lot of great books have been written by religious types, great music, even great science.

I think we live lives. When we live, we do things. Wasting time is an external judgment, a subjective estimation. Do dogs and cats waste their lives anymore than people do? How about plants?

Of course you have the right to judge a Christian as having lived a complete waste of a life, but that's best kept to yourself in my opinion. Just an opinion is as welcome as picketting a person's funeral telling the dead that they were this that and the other thing because their worldview failed to correspond to your own.

Even though I disagree with you about everything, I don't think you're wasting your life. How could you be wasting your life? You're living it, and it's not my place to judge you, even if you were the world's biggest procrastinator, because even then you'd be living your life and not wasting it. I guess suicide would qualify as a waste of life, but even then, maybe suicide may bring others to certain levels they wouldn't otherwise reach, I dunno.

As I say, you and I aren’t likely to agree on what is rational. If you’re right, oh well.

Exactly. That's my point. If I'm right, and you're wrong, we're still what we are, nothing has changed, my being right and you're being wrong doesn't change objective reality, and we'll both deal with the ramifications of the existence of God as best we can. If you're right and I'm wrong, we'll both be nothing, and that's about the only perfect equalizer in existence.

Fairly spoken. I have tried to corner you (this being a debate and all). But I will state clearly that I don’t think that your “caring” is an off/on thing. I think you care less than I about this particular issue. You almost certainly care more about other issues that I also agree are important. But in the interest of staying on topic, I present a situation where you can show you care more or you care less. I’d argue that is not truly a dichotomy, but a direction, and relative to this issue only.

I care in my own way, don't you think? :)

Yet I doubt that you would take the extreme view that prayers have zero connection to results, just as you obviously agree that prayers do not have 100% correlation with results.

You are correct!

You would seem to be somewhere in the middle. I’m admittedly pretty close to the “zero results” pole, but I will argue that my position is based on evidence. Yet I would also agree that I would be willing to shift positions if objective evidence came to light.

I think'll you'll get what you want eventually. ;)

That is not, and has never been my position. I am not trying to force God to do tricks for me. I just want evidence that he does something. Anything. So far, I have seen no evidence whatsoever.

And the religious believe that everything is evidence of God's work. I guess it's contingent on the individual, but that's also basic theology.

I have admitted that one of my own assumptions by which I reason is that real things have evidence for them. I feel that if this assumption were discarded, then there would be no way of telling what is real. I’m funny that way.

But before people had any conception of evidence (ummm...maybe just articulated conception?) they had a good handle on what was real and what wasn't. Also, I see no reason to be content with accepting things in a defined and confined reality, although I recognize that some can only be content with that. Again, it's up to the individual.

-Elliot
 
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