Omnivores, Vegetarians and Vegans: Bone Density and Fracture Risk

[dann]

Some of you probably remember the backlash against the studies claiming that red meat endangers your health. And you probably also remember the backlash against the backlash. The papers claiming that the critics of were biased:
JAMA Network published a new, very interesting article about this, but it's long and it's hard to keep track of all the names of researchers and organizations mentioned.

It’s almost unheard of for medical journals to get blowback for studies before the data are published. But that’s what happened to the Annals of Internal Medicine last fall as editors were about to post several studies showing that the evidence linking red meat consumption with cardiovascular disease and cancer is too weak to recommend that adults eat less of it.
(...)
Timothy Caulfield, LLM, research director of the University of Alberta’s Health Law Institute and a THI council member, gave 3 public lectures in 1 week not long after Annals published the meat articles. “This issue came up at all 3,” Caulfield said.
“I understand both the concern about conflict of interest, especially in nutrition research, and the value of advocating [for] a more plant-based approach to nutrition,” he said. “But there is so much public confusion surrounding diet. I worry about any messaging that might be interpreted as dogmatic.”
Caulfield, described in a 2018 profile in Toronto’s Globe and Mail as “one of North America’s most high-profile skeptics, taking on the rising tide of pseudoscience and misinformation,” noted that “the [THI] council has many alternative medicine practitioners and embraces ‘integrative health.’ This can be difficult to square with a science-based approach.”
Backlash Over Meat Dietary Recommendations Raises Questions About Corporate Ties to Nutrition Scientists (JAMA Network, Jan. 15, 2020)

THI is the True Health Initiative.

 

[Red Baron Farms]

Some of you probably remember the backlash against the studies claiming that red meat endangers your health. And you probably also remember the backlash against the backlash. The papers claiming that the critics of were biased:
JAMA Network published a new, very interesting article about this, but it's long and it's hard to keep track of all the names of researchers and organizations mentioned.



THI is the True Health Initiative.

In my opinion that's entirely because the industrialized food system doesn't not want the True Health Initiative or any other legit health organization looking too closely at the current effects factory farming has on the nutritional quality of our food in general, or the meat and dairy in particular.

There are massive numbers of studies on the types of forage/feed the animals are given:
De La Torre, A., D. Gruffat, D. Durand, D. Micol, A. Peyron, V. Scislowski, and D. Bauchart. 2006. Factors influencing proportion and composition of CLA in beef. Journal of Meat Science 73:258-268.

Dikeman, M.E. 2007. Effects of metabolic modifiers on carcass traits and meat quality. Journal of Meat Science 77:121-135.

Enser, M., K.G. Hallett, B. Hewett, G.A.J. Fursey, J.D. Wood, and G. Harrington. 1998. Fatty Acid Content and Composition of UK Beef and Lamb Muscle in Relation to Production System and Implications for Human Nutrition. Journal of Meat Science 49:329-341.

Enser, M., R.I. Richardson, J.D. Wood, B.P. Gill and P.R. Sheard. 2000. Feeding linseed to increase the n-3 PUFA of pork: fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue, liver and sausages. Journal of Meat Science 55:201-212.

Enser, M., N. Scollan, S. Gulati, I. Richardson, G. Nute and J. Wood. 2001. The effects of ruminally-protected dietary lipid on the lipid conmposoition and quality of beef muscle. Proceedings of the 47th international Congress of Meat Science and Technology 1:12-13.

Frencha, P.,E.G. O’Riordan, F.J. Monahan, P.J. Caffrey, and A.P. Moloney. 2003. Fatty acid composition of intra-muscular triacylglycerols of steers fed autumn grass and concentrates. Journal of Livestock Production Science 81:307-317.

Garcia, P.T., N.A. Pensel, A.M. Sancho, N.J. Latimori, A.M. Kloster, M.A. Amigone, and J.J. Casal. 2008. Beef lipids in relation to animal breed and nutrition in Argentina. Journal of Meat Science 79:500-508.

Kraft, J., J.K.G. Kramer, F. Schoene, J.R. Chambers, and G. Jahreis. 2008. Extensive Analysis of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, CLA, trans-18:1 Isomers, and Plasmalogenic Lipids in Different Retail Beef types. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 56:4775-4782.

Leskanich, C.O., K.R. Matthews, CC Warkup, RC Noble and M. Hazzledine. 1997. The effect of dietary oil containing n-3 fatty acids on the fatty acids, physiochemical and organoleptic charactersitics of pigmeat and fat. Journal of Animal Science 75:673-683.

Lorenzen, C.L., J.W. Golden, F.A. Martz, I.U. Grun, M.R. Ellersieck, J.R. Gerrish, and K.C. Moore. 2007. Conjugated linoleic acid content of beef differs by feeding regime and muscle. Journal of Meat Science 75:159-167.

Marmer, W.N., R.J. Maxwell, and J.E. Williams. 1984. Effects of dietary regimen and tissue site on bovine fatty acid profiles. Eastern Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.

Mercier, Y., P. Gatellier, and M. Renerre. 2004. Lipid and protein oxidation in vitro, and antioxidant potential in meat from Charolais cows finished on pasture or mixed diet. Journal of Meat Science 66:467-473.

Moreno, T., M.G. Keane, F. Noci, and A.P. Moloney. 2008. Fatty acid composition of M. Longissimus dorsi from Holstein–Friesian steers of New Zealand and European/American descent and from Belgian Blue x Holstein–Friesian steers, slaughtered at two weights/ages. Journal of Meat Science 78:157-169.

Noci, F., P. O'Kiely, F.J. Monahan, C. Stanton, and A.P. Moloney. 2005. Conjugated linoleic acid concentration in M. Longissimus dorsi from heifers offered sunflower oil-based concentrates and conserved forages. Journal of Meat Science 69:509-518.

Nuernberg, K., D. Dannenberger, G. Nuernberg, K. Ender, J. Voigt, N.D. Scollan, J.D. Wood, G.R. Nute, and R.I. Richardson. 2005. Effect of grass-based and a concentrate feeding system on meat quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle in different cattle breeds. Livestock Production Science 94:137-147.

Padre, R.G., J.A. Aricetti, S.M. Gomes, R.H. Goes, F.B. Moreira, I.N. Prado, J.V. Visentainer, N.E. Souza, and M. Matsushita. 2007. Analysis of fatty acids in Longissimus muscle of steers of different genetic breeds finished in pasture systems. Journal of Livestock Science 110:57-63.

Padre, R.G., J.A. Aricetti, F.B. Moreira, I.Y. Mizubitu, I.N. Prado, J. Visentainer, N.E. Souza, and M. Matsushita. 2006. Fatty acid profile, and chemical composition of Longissimus muscle of bovine steers and bulls finished in pasture system. Journal of Meat Science 74:242-248.

Poulsona, C.S., T.R. Dhimana, A.L. Urea, D. Cornforthb, and K.C. Olsona. 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid content of beef from cattle fed diets containing high grain, CLA, or raised on forages. Journal of Livestock Production Science 91:117-128.

Raes, K., S. De Smet, and D. Demeyer. 2004. Effect of dietary fatty acids on incorporation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in lamb, beef and pork meat: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 113:199-211.

Realinia, C.E., S.K. Ducketta, G.W. Britob, M. Dalla Rizzab, and D. De Mattos. 2004. Effect of pasture vs. concentrate feeding with or without antioxidants on carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and quality of Uruguayan beef. Journal of Meat Science 66:567-577.

Sanudo, C., M. Enser, M.M. Campo, G.R. Nute, G. Maria, I. Sierra and J.D. Wood. 2000. Fatty acid composition and fatty acid characteristics of lamb carcasses from Britain and Spain. Journal of Meat Science 54:339-346.

Scollan, N.D., N.J. Choi, E. Kurt, A.V. Fisher, M. Enser and J.D. Wood. 2001. Manipulating the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 85:115-124.

Shen, X., K. Nuernberg, G. Nuernberg, R. Zhao, N. Scollan, K. Ender, and D. Dannenberger. 2007. Vaccenic Acid and cis-9,trans-11 CLA in the Rumen and Tissues of Pasture- and Concentrate-Fed Beef Cattle. Lipids 42:1093–1103.

Yang, A., M.J. Brewster, M.C. Lanari, and R.K. Tume. 2002. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on a-tocopherol and b-carotene concentrations in tissues from pasture- and grain-fed cattle. Journal of Meat Science 60:35-40.

This is strong evidence in the nutritional differences in our food supply.

However, linking that to public health is much harder because of the difficulties and expense of clinical trials. But if one takes a closer look at exactly what those changes have been, the nutrient differences specifically, the lipids balance etc... A very strong hypothesis can be made that in fact it is not red meat per se that is bad for health, but rather the way it is raised that makes the most difference.

A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef

That's even before we start discussing balanced diets including fruit and vegetables, which even with feedlot red meat seems to have a protective effect most of the time.

 

[casebro]

......

This is strong evidence in the nutritional differences in our food supply.

However, linking that to public health is much harder because of the difficulties and expense of clinical trials. But if one takes a closer look at exactly what those changes have been, the nutrient differences specifically, the lipids balance etc... A very strong hypothesis can be made that in fact it is not red meat per se that is bad for health, but rather the way it is raised that makes the most difference.

.....

Let us know when you do find a study that shows any improvement in PEOPLE. Otherwise, the Omega baby goes out with the Saturated bath water. The only one I ever found showed no benefit, and IIRC, it was a blinded study.