I don't agree that it's a fundamental tool as it's being used here. For one thing, this isn't reporting, it's publishing. A source who wishes to remain anonymous sent a document to the NYT, and they published it. That's not investigative reporting at all.
The way I see it, off the record sources are a valuable tool when they point the investigative reporter in the right direction to find sources that are willing to go on the record, or to find evidence that independently corroborates the the anonymous claim.
And I always discount stories that use anonymous reports as a proxy for properly investigated and supported journalism. I think that's the only sensible approach, and I encourage everyone else to do the same.
"Someone familiar with the meeting said," to me, means -
- You couldn't find anyone willing to put their name behind the claim
- You couldn't find any independent corroborating evidence of the claim
- You couldn't find a way to convince me that your anonymous source is trustworthy in this matter
On the contrary: I'm quite content to accept the trade-off. It's perfectly reasonable to protect the identity of the piece's author. They'd probably lose their job and be subject to all kinds of harassment and threats if their name were known. I get that, and I accept that. I also accept that this means the piece lacks the essential authority it would have if its author were known to us.
You seem to be the one who wants me to both agree that the author should remain anonymous, and also that the piece should be substantially authoritative. All I'm saying is, you can't have both at the same time.
So you tell me: Should I eat the cake? Or have it? I can't do both. The author remains anonymous. Do you think the piece should be authoritative anyway?
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/when-to-trust-a-story-that-uses-unnamed-sources/
1. Multiple sources add up.
When an outlet says “six White House officials” or “seven Department of Justice officials,” it’s providing a level of precision that makes me more likely to trust the story. This does not necessarily mean that the story is correct. But it does suggest it was thoroughly reported.
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I don't think this is relevant2. Unverifiable predictions are suspicious
Lots of specific details with claims of evidence to back it up and some evidence produced from other sources3. Specifics matter.
4. Consider the outlet and the reporters.
Pulitzer prize winning author.
5. Watch for vague or imprecise “denials” of these kinds of stories. That often means they are accurate.
Another thing to make you trust a story: When an official spokesperson offers a “denial” that really isn’t a denial. Remember when the Post published a story in May, vaguely attributed to “current and former U.S. officials,” suggesting that Trump had disclosed “highly classified information” in a meeting with Russian officials? Responding to the story, national security adviser H.R. McMaster told the paper, “At no time were any intelligence sources or methods discussed, and no military operations were disclosed that were not already known publicly.” But the story had not actually claimed that the president had disclosed sources, methods or operations — only information, which McMaster did not deny. (Trump essentially confirmed that he had disclosed the information soon after the story ran.)
Tick.