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Nuclear Power Stations - Yes or No

I'm not saying that at all. I'm saying there's currently very little risk with using and disposing of the waste. Reprocessing it isn't as safe as we would like it too be. It involves additional handling that isn't prudent.

Actually it's safer if you compare it to other energy industries. Breeder reactors and recycling and reprocessing aren't entirely new technologies. As has been pointed out already, CANDU-6 class reactors already breed significant amounts of Pu-239 during their normal operation. Breeders are essentially modified versions of a technology that was first tested around the time of the very first jet aircraft.

Nuclear energy is already the safest of all the energy industries. Just this year alone, the so called "renewable"* energy industry has generated almost 100 fatalities while the nuclear industry hasn't killed anyone outside the former Soviet Union since the 1960's.

The breeder reactors you are worried about are just a modified version of what is already the safest technology on the planet.


*Technically, nuclear energy is itself a renewable source, by the time existing supplies have been used up, geological processes will have brought up fresh supplies of Uranium and thorium from the earths mantle.
 
As I said above: it may be the least of my short term problems but that says nothing about after any such war:

My point was that what happens after such a war is largely irrelevant. If you've been setting off weapons large enough to cause problems for that kind of underground storage facility, the existence of the storage facility is completely irrelevant compared to the effects of the weapons themselves. We're not talking about a small war made worse by radioactive waste being dispersed, we're talking global nuclear winter.

Interesting. Certainly if one was directly exposed to radiation it is my understanding that there are delayed effects, and that excess cancers in that population are still in evidence more than 50 years later.

I have read several source which state that it is too early to say much about the effect on subsequent generations, if any: though effects have been observed in animals. I gather that despite the large sample the statistics are unreliable: not being numerate I cannot understand why that should be so but it is what I have read

This is a good book on the subject of radiation and its risks. There's a section in it about the after-effects of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as Chernobyl.

Was the contamination and the effects of it the same at chernobyl?

No.

Is it the case that the area is now open on the basis that people who move there some time after have no increased risks?

No, but observations of animals that live there show pretty much no effect. Interestingly, animals actually seem to de much better around Chernobyl than they do in the surrounding area, presumably because of the lack of humans.

Fair enough: it was a trivial example because, as I said, I do not have the imagination of a determined terrorist

Despite the constant fearmongering about the dangers terrorists pose with nuclear material around, I'm not aware of a single case where terrorists have actually attempted to either acquire or use any. The certainly doesn't mean its not something to take into consideration, but it just doesn't seem to be a major threat.

I think I have answered this above but if not we can come back to it

I'm not sure you have answered. If I understand what you said above correctly, you are more concerned about a potential release of radiation due to some catastrophic event than you would be about the effects of said catastrophe itself. If that's the case, then I think that's a rather odd stance to take, and is the kind of unreasonable view that Allison addresses in the book I linked above. If that's not what you're saying then I apologise for misunderstanding.

So long as we do not go ahead until we have solutions you are, of course, correct. But in view of the fact that the potential problem is known to subsist for hundreds of years yet the actual plans and cost projections go no further than 100 (if Belz's article is correct) the situations do not look that different to me. They certainly should be, though :)

How are the situations not different? Not only are we very obviously thinking about the possible effects, we're demonstrably not going ahead with things at the moment.

War happens all the time, Cuddles. Terrorism happens all the time. Judging from our less than complete knowledge of various sophisticated early civilisations forgetting about stuff happens fairly regularly. At least over the time scales we are talking about. Complacency happens all the time too. You may feel that disaster of any kind on the requisite scale is impossible: maybe you are right. I don't see any reason to suppose you are but there it is

I never said anything was impossible. But the kind of things you're talking about are things that would cause far bigger problems than a bit of radioactivity. You're talking about the collapse of civilisation and the forgetting of a large portion of modern physics, and waste facilities are seriously at the top of your list of concerns? It's not complacency to consider it pointless worrying whether you left the gas on when an asteroid has just flattened your house.

Well no. If the nuclear fuel will only last 40 years then I do not think we will run out of fossil fuel first, though I am open to evidence on that.

The evidence has already been presented in this thread. There's enough nuclear fuel to last thousands of years.

What I do know is that there is a great deal we could do to reduce our consumption of fossil fuel and it is not being done.

No arguments there. Of course, the irony of typing this on a computer over the internet where it can't possibly have any real effect on anything doesn't escape me.

I have no idea how much difference we could make or how the costs compare. But before I can accept the blithe assertion that there is no alternative I would like to see at least some of those figures. Cos I have heard that phrase before and it was a big, fat lie :)

What phrase do you consider a lie? Even if you could, in theory, provide enough power solely from renewables, none of them are suitable for providing base load power. That's what you need running 24/7. Solar obviously can't, wind can't. Geothermal, tidal, waves and others simply aren't options in many places. And that's ignoring the massive problems involved in actually generating and distributing that much power from them to start with. If you, or anyone else, can think of some kind of clean, renewable energy source that's actually viable, I'm all ears. Until then, nuclear remains the only realistic option for providing the main part of our power.
 
Fair enough: it was a trivial example because, as I said, I do not have the imagination of a determined terrorist
Despite the constant fearmongering about the dangers terrorists pose with nuclear material around, I'm not aware of a single case where terrorists have actually attempted to either acquire or use any. The certainly doesn't mean its not something to take into consideration, but it just doesn't seem to be a major threat.

As long as I'm singing the praises of CANDU reactors and the subject of terrorism is on the table, I'd like to point out the results of the last two annual "SWAT Team Olympics".

2009 USNSC
The 2009 USNSC was held 18-20 June at the US Shooting Academy in Tulsa, OK. The field had 18 teams including three international teams and over 350 people attended the competition and Vendors Exhibition. The competition was the closest in the history of the USNSC with Bruce Power of Canada retaining its championships by winning the last two events and never finishing below 4th place in any stage. They were followed in the Championship by GSG-9 Germany, Lawrence Livermore CA, Hanford WA and Oakland County MI. The complete final results are provided below.

2008 USNSC
The 2008 USNSC was also held at HRLETC in May. The 2008 field grew to 30 teams and over 600 attendees and included three international teams, Canada, Portugal and the Czech Republic. The competition was fierce but Bruce Power of Canada prevailed winning three events and never finishing below 11th. They were followed in the Championship by, Lawrence Livermore, Dallas SWAT (Defending Champions) Dallas SRT, and West Jordan, Utah. The final results are provided below.

Bruce Power is not a city police department, it is not a mercenary corporation like the oft-discussed Blackwater company. Bruce Power is the operator of the worlds second largest nuclear power plant in Bruce County, Ontario. And their security team has beaten the best police departments in the US and Canada two years running.

"Imaginative" terrorists are largely an invention of Hollywood. The don't really exist outside of "B" or "straight to video" movies (9/11 wasn't even that imaginative). Nuclear power plant operators are people like you and me, they watch the same movies we do and few things scare them more than the thought of an "imaginative" terrorist hoodwinking a bunch of rent-a-cops and taking control of their facility. So they go for the best they can get, which today usually means Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.

If you're a terrorist with a dozen armed thugs at your command, what would you do? Get your men slaughtered by elite special forces and SWAT team veterans at the front gate of a nuclear reactor for absolutely no gain? Or take them to a local shopping mall on "Black Friday" where they can mow down a hundred civilians before the cops show up?

You're in more danger of a terrorist attack at JC Penny's than you are at a nuclear plant.
 
Don't kid yourself, I could circumvent security at Tiverton. Granted, they do a good job, but it's such a remote target.

I love your enthusiasm SOT, but let's not get overboard. You're trying to portray this infallable image that just doesn't exists. All our nuke is run under very tight security, the reason for its success. But don't kid yourself, the security is there for a reason.
 
Don't kid yourself, I could circumvent security at Tiverton. Granted, they do a good job, but it's such a remote target.

Oh this should be good.

How, exactly, do you think you could do this?

Is your plan to get in and carry out a suicide attack, or do you believe you can get in, get something and get out again?

If your plan is to take something, what exactly do you think you can take that you wouldn't fatally poison yourself with before you can use it in some further action?

How would you plan to defeat the security team? How would you plan to defeat the bomb sniffers? How would you plan to evade being searched on your way in?

How would you deal with the containment vessel; a six foot thick steel reinforced dome that covers the reactor core and has been proven resistant against the impact of a 68,000 pound jet fighter travelling at near supersonic speed?



How would you defeat the radiation sensors that will lock the triple-paned bulletproof glass doors behind and in front of you if you set them off?

I'll relate to you a story told to me by Dr. Jeremy Whitlock, director of Safegaurds and Non-Proliferation at AECL's Chalk River Laboratories. He went to a medical appointment one day wherein he took a radioactive marker for a routine scan. he returned to work following the appointment and as he approached the outer doors, he waved to the guy behind the glass with a sly smirk on his face and then watched the security guard jump as Dr. Whitlocks body activated the radiation sensors and the doors automatically locked. Typically, nuke plant security personnel are trained to follow the sensors to see where material is going. A sensor far from the door activating followed by one closer to the outer doors will tell them that someone is trying to leave the facility with radioactive material. Dr. Whitlock was basically mimicking someone sneaking nuclear material into the facility.

I love your enthusiasm SOT, but let's not get overboard.

You're telling me you could defeat security that would stop Batman and then tell me not to go overboard? You need to stop watching straight to video B movies.
 
Thanks for that link. It appears I've misquoted the capacity factor. I believe I read this on the OPG website a few months ago. It may have only been in regards to Darlington or Pickering, or simply a snippet like "Over the last 10 years..."

The link you provided clearly indicates this isn't the case for all comissioned CANDU reactors.

Not really misquoted...Plants usually report two capacity factors...one for the year and a lifetime CF. Anything close to 100 percent would typically be a yearly report type of thing as a plant can operate for a year or longer without shutting down. As stated in other posts, the Candu plants have the advantage of online refueling to increase capacity factor, but maintenance shutdowns always loom. LWR in the US have gradually raised their CF over the years and it is now competitive with Candu plants. They can refuel a plant and have it back on the grid in three weeks now.

What is most important on this issue is that nukes have the highest capacity factors for producting electricity. In the US, nukes comprise only 13-14 percent of installed Megawatts, but produce 20 percent of the US electricty. Better line time. What surprised me is that hydroelectric plants average only about 35 percent CF--mainly due to water restrictions. This is something that could get worse in the future with global warming. (for a bit of a scare, google "lake Mead.")

glenn
 
You're telling me you could defeat security that would stop Batman and then tell me not to go overboard? You need to stop watching straight to video B movies.

I've never been on site at Bruce, but I think you forgot to mention the fact that the gaurds are armed. Heavily. :)

I'm just kidding with you because you were making it seem like it's an inpenetrable fortress. It isn't, but it's probably the closest thing to it. I recently had a similar discussion with someone about it, and in the end we concluded they take their security very serious.

They take it so seriously in fact, that the thought of having that many more plants makes me a little hesitant. Why do they? Is it really about someone getting their hands on radioactive material? I'm more inclined to believe it's about someone getting in and causing an intentional trip.

Anyways, it's good to see the boys up at the Bruce are on top of their game. I think they're probably more worried about one of the windmills flying apart than terrorists though.
 
Unfortunately, I think the CANDU has a positive void coefficient. I hope it has compensating safety features.

It does. It's a heavy water moderated reactor.

If the D20 leaks out, the neutrons are no longer moderated and the reactions stop.
 
It does. It's a heavy water moderated reactor.

If the D20 leaks out, the neutrons are no longer moderated and the reactions stop.

What you have described here is a negative viod coefficient and is typicall of PWRs and BWRs. The Candu has is slightly positive void coefficient if its coolant boils--it will increase the fission rate slightly...it is not much of an issue as the effect is very small. The power increases slightly because the voids reduce the non-fission absorption of neutrons by U238...so there are more neutrons around that cause fast fission. I had to look this up as I am not as familiar with Candu physics.

http://www.nuclearfaq.ca/cnf_sectionD.htm#s

Chernobyl had a positive void coefficient that was high off the charts bad.

glenn
 
The thing with fast breeder reactors and recycling is that there is so much nuclear waste being produced by existing nuclear plants that in order to consume all of that all new nuclear plants would have to be designed to use the recycled fuel only. Which I think brings us to a mandate that is more unrealistic than global CO2 targets. So even if you could get the environmentalists to accept recycling nuclear fuel, you'd have to deal with the economic powers.
 
The thing with fast breeder reactors and recycling is that there is so much nuclear waste being produced by existing nuclear plants that in order to consume all of that all new nuclear plants would have to be designed to use the recycled fuel only.

Or we could stick the recycled fuel in existing plants. There's no need for a special reactor design to burn recycled fuel.

There will be numerous new plants built regardless.
 
If it ever became an issue of reducing the amount of waste, not generating it is better than trying to recycle it.
Nope. This problem is not arising in isolation, it is rising in direct relation to power generation without the carbon/CO2 generation problem. Your either/or doesn't remotely address why nuclear power, and its proliferation, has significant environmental upside on a global scale.

DR
 
Nuclear power plants have the bulk of their cost in up-front expenses. This makes their cost of energy produced sensitive to interest rates at the time of construction.

Interest rates are now at an all-time low, and our allegedly pro-nuclear energy "czar" has pulled the rug out from under nuclear plants by scrapping Yucca Mountain as a waste storage site.

Instead, the Obama Admin. is promoting the most costly carbon-free energy sources - wind and solar.

Short-sighted and stupid.
 
Interest rates are now at an all-time low, and our allegedly pro-nuclear energy "czar" has pulled the rug out from under nuclear plants by scrapping Yucca Mountain as a waste storage site.
I hadn't heard that, but the whole thing has seemed out of reach for many years now.

What is it with Yucca Mtn. anyway? I know that I don't share the same viewpoints as others who live in my state, but why do they hate it so much?

One thing I will say is that no one has done a very good job at trying to convince us that burying nuclear waste in our state is a good idea. I think it is, but I'm more educated and well informed about it. I remember a few commercials back in the 80s explaining how the storage containers could withstand high heat and heavy impacts, but I haven't seen those in 20 years. Why, if you (anonymous you) want to use our state for something we didn't produce, but will have to deal with for a long time, haven't you made an effort to explain why, explain the benefits, etc.

Also, I have a crazy idea that I've never heard mentioned. Why not pay us to store your waste here? People might be more receptive to money.
 
I hadn't heard that, but the whole thing has seemed out of reach for many years now.

What is it with Yucca Mtn. anyway? I know that I don't share the same viewpoints as others who live in my state, but why do they hate it so much?

One thing I will say is that no one has done a very good job at trying to convince us that burying nuclear waste in our state is a good idea. I think it is, but I'm more educated and well informed about it. I remember a few commercials back in the 80s explaining how the storage containers could withstand high heat and heavy impacts, but I haven't seen those in 20 years. Why, if you (anonymous you) want to use our state for something we didn't produce, but will have to deal with for a long time, haven't you made an effort to explain why, explain the benefits, etc.

Also, I have a crazy idea that I've never heard mentioned. Why not pay us to store your waste here? People might be more receptive to money.
Yucca Mountain is on federal land. Nevada would certainly benefit from the jobs created building and maintaining it.

I don't recall Nevada demanding money from the Federal government when Hoover Dam was built, nor payments for its continued presence there...
 
Or we could stick the recycled fuel in existing plants. There's no need for a special reactor design to burn recycled fuel.

There will be numerous new plants built regardless.

If are intending to avoid long term dumps to safely keep the waste for thousands of years, you do need the special reactors. Otherwise you still end up with thousands of tons of radioactive waste.
 
If are intending to avoid long term dumps to safely keep the waste for thousands of years, you do need the special reactors. Otherwise you still end up with thousands of tons of radioactive waste.

Yes, we will need breeders to recycle spent fuel.

But conventional reactors will burn recycled fuel without modification.
 
These are the words of Australia's current climate change guru, Tim Flannery (a paleontologist by the way), a couple of years ago:

Over the next two decades, Australians could use nuclear power to replace all our coal-fired power plants. We would then have a power infrastructure like that of France, and in doing so we would have done something great for the world, for whatever risks go with a domestic nuclear power industry are local, while greenhouse gas pollution is global in its impact.

He now denies he endorsed nuclear energy.
 

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