Nuclear Energy - I need to vent/rant

The reason they have not been constructed in several countries is due to the cheap price of uranium and the general lack of construction of nuclear plants in many countries making breeder reactors economically unecessary. If nuclear revives, they will be needed in the future. And again, the more uranium and plutonium the US burns means less for any kind of proliferation.

That doesn't sound like it makes sense on the face of it. There is all this nuclear waste lying around, which we are told is fodder for future breeder reactors, and nations are paying significant amounts of money to store it. Yet you are saying it is cheaper to mine and refine uranium than use the waste already in existence and not pay to store it any more?

Something is funny about the economics there. Either it's more expensive to turn nuclear waste into usable fuel than it is to mine uranium and refine it, which is not the impression I got earlier, and in which case breeders are not cost-effective, or there is a reason other than fuel cost why everyone does not build breeders.

As for the US thing, we have already been over this. This discussion is not solely about the US and never has been, nor has anyone ever said that uranium and plutonium inside the USA was a proliferation risk in the first place. The problem is that global adoption of breeder reactors would lead to a greatly increased risk of global proliferation.
 
Well, there IS one thing in there you haven't been saying:And that's what we keep trying to tell you.
I've never said otherwise. That's why I quoted that statement.

I do think renewables can be brought online faster than nuclear. But nuclear reactors deliver more when they are brought online. If I've given the impression that I think renewables and nuclear cannot reduce emissions, I apologize.
 
Sorry, Schneibster, I just reread your comment and the emphasis. My understanding now is that you're suggesting I've been saying nuclear in particular cannot contribute to emissions reductions. That's not what I ever said. What I said was that I would prefer for the generation portion to be tilted in favour of renewables and away from nuclear. That's a discussion about preferences, not possibilities. And I've always said that I'm highly sympathetic to people who feel we need to do it all.
 
That doesn't sound like it makes sense on the face of it. There is all this nuclear waste lying around, which we are told is fodder for future breeder reactors, and nations are paying significant amounts of money to store it. Yet you are saying it is cheaper to mine and refine uranium than use the waste already in existence and not pay to store it any more?

Something is funny about the economics there. Either it's more expensive to turn nuclear waste into usable fuel than it is to mine uranium and refine it, which is not the impression I got earlier, and in which case breeders are not cost-effective, or there is a reason other than fuel cost why everyone does not build breeders.


Reprocessing depends a lot on the nature of the spent fuel and also it's important to do it in a manner which isn't overly "messy" in that it generates a lot of contaminated equipment and such.

Some places have come up with very good reprocessing cycles. It requires a large initial investment though. It's complex subject





As for the US thing, we have already been over this. This discussion is not solely about the US and never has been, nor has anyone ever said that uranium and plutonium inside the USA was a proliferation risk in the first place. The problem is that global adoption of breeder reactors would lead to a greatly increased risk of global proliferation.


Yes you're correct in a lot of this. The rate at which the US burns uranium and/or plutonium is not withstanding. I think burning left over stuff from weapons is a great way to get rid of it but it's also something which is has no effect outside the US since it's secure anyway.


The question of a fast breeder, I have my concerns about those, much more so that a reactor which generates plutonium that is too pu-240 rich for effective weapons use.

Policy wise there are some things that need to be considered about how reactors can be deployed without being a proliferation threat. I'd have little problem with the US or most larger western countries, or even china or india having nuclear technology because the fact is it doesn't really enable weapons there anyway.

This is important though. Even if it doesn't include all countries, the US alone generates a huge amount of CO2. If large first world countries can go nuclear then that's going to be a big step.

The problem is how to come up with a system that brings this energy source to Fiji and Angola and Chad and the Gilbert Island and Bermuda and so on. We need to find a way to respect the sovernty and desires of such countries without the US, Brittan, Germany and Japan holding their hands. Sure, we could just give them a sealed-vessle reactor and then take it away in 20 years. But I think that there will need to be a look at sub-critical reactors, thorium-cycle and other systems that do not have a proliferation threat for places where there could easily be a revolution next week.

But in the mean time, converting the first world nations would be HUGE
 
That doesn't sound like it makes sense on the face of it. There is all this nuclear waste lying around, which we are told is fodder for future breeder reactors, and nations are paying significant amounts of money to store it. Yet you are saying it is cheaper to mine and refine uranium than use the waste already in existence and not pay to store it any more?
Yes. It's very cheap to mine, and reprocessing takes a lot because you have to handle the concentrated high level waste. See:
1. http://www.cameco.com/uranium_101/uranium_science/nuclear_fuel/
"Reprocessing is the chemical separation of spent fuel into these three components. The U-235 can again become reactor fuel. The plutonium can be blended with natural UO2 to create mixed oxide fuel (MOX), a fuel used in some reactors in Belgium, Germany, France and Switzerland. The waste is placed in secure storage.

While the costs of reprocessing outweigh its benefits at the present time, Russia and some European countries reprocess used fuel for environmental reasons or as a result of political policy. As well, countries like Japan are turning to reprocessing because they lack domestic fuel sources and wish to be energy independent. "
2. http://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/united-states-colorado/4496058-1.html
"By the 1980s, the market for uranium either for nuclear weapons or fuel for nuclear reactors in the U.S. had crashed. Nuclear reactor accidents in the U.S. and in Russia soured public support for nuclear power. Government stockpiles for nuclear weapons programs were full, and the prospect of reprocessing nuclear weapons for reactor fuel all but killed the uranium mining in the U.S." They can't even afford to mine it; they can't sell it for enough to make it worthwhile, there's no demand. Why bother reprocessing?
3. http://technolog.it.umn.edu/technolog/fall00/ideas.html
"...the AEC and its successor, the Department of Energy (DOE) have had problems choosing appropriate means of disposal. In 2010, the federal government hopes to build a waste-storage facility in Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Once again, local opposition has delayed completion for at least ten years. Frustrated over constant delays and bureaucracy, Xcel Energy (formerly Northern States Power) is suing the government for breach of contract and is pursuing private means of waste disposal.

How did the U.S. dream for nuclear power become such a nightmare? President Carter's 1977 executive order banning the reprocessing of nuclear fuels is one reason. During the ban, new ways of disposing nuclear waste were supposed to be developed. Instead as, former Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy A. David Rossin states, 'during that time all the industrial momentum where nuclear energy was concerned was lost.'

The federal government has simply ignored reprocessing while the rest of the world has developed a reprocessing industry. With a waste crisis close at hand, the United States should reconsider reprocessing. Reprocessing spent fuel is trickier than simply burying it in Nevada, but it represents the first step toward a closed fuel cycle that allows radioactive byproducts to be reused. "

That should about cover it. I'll re-iterate that the current spot price of uranium is $130/kg; think about this a moment, that's one hundred thirty dollars for two pounds. It's not exactly a precious metal.

Something is funny about the economics there. Either it's more expensive to turn nuclear waste into usable fuel than it is to mine uranium and refine it, which is not the impression I got earlier, and in which case breeders are not cost-effective, or there is a reason other than fuel cost why everyone does not build breeders.
China, Russia, the UK, France, India, and Japan currently either reprocess or are storing their spent fuel in anticipation of reprocessing. Russia and France are the main reprocessers.

As for the US thing, we have already been over this. This discussion is not solely about the US and never has been, nor has anyone ever said that uranium and plutonium inside the USA was a proliferation risk in the first place. The problem is that global adoption of breeder reactors would lead to a greatly increased risk of global proliferation.
But global adoption is not needed. You don't need one breeder per other reactor; you need one per something like ten or twenty. Not only that but you don't even have to use breeders to get most of their benefits; you can use fast reactors instead. And to top it all off, not only can you do both breeding and fast neutrons with gas-cooling and heat transfer instead of sodium, and use helium which is pretty much immune to neutron transmutation and totally inert, but you can do fast reactors with pebble bed technology which is inherently safer in the first place.

Glenn may have already mentioned these things by the time I get around to posting this. I did a fair bit of research and got interrupted a bunch.
 
Sorry, Schneibster, I just reread your comment and the emphasis. My understanding now is that you're suggesting I've been saying nuclear in particular cannot contribute to emissions reductions. That's not what I ever said. What I said was that I would prefer for the generation portion to be tilted in favour of renewables and away from nuclear. That's a discussion about preferences, not possibilities. And I've always said that I'm highly sympathetic to people who feel we need to do it all.
Anyone in their right mind prefers renewables; I prefer renewables. And I'll act locally to promote and use them. But I already know they won't be enough, and I think it's extremely dangerous to promote the idea they will. The lead time for getting the nuclear power industry spun back up in the US is just too long to screw around. There aren't any nuclear engineers, there aren't any foundaries to make the reactor vessels, and that's just for starters. We needed to start right about the time Carter issued the directive that the US would not reprocess.

Now, I like Jimmy Carter. Always have. I never thought he got a fair shake from anybody, and that includes Democrats. And I love the stuff he's done since he was out of office. But I really, really wish he hadn't signed that executive order; it's one of the very few things I ever got pissed at him about.

The other huge problem is public hysteria about nuclear power. It's destroyed nuclear power in the US and partly if not completely in Germany. They're over there flailing and floundering in Germany, trying to figure out how to build enough windmills and solar panels to run their country; at some point, there's gonna be a reckoning. You just can't avoid it. And they had some of the most advanced reactor designs in the world, very nearly within their grasp. They had the jump on damn near everyone, and they let it slip away.

So did we over here in the US, because of a stupid damn movie and an accident that didn't even kill anyone. It's time to grow up and stop acting like 13-year-old girls. We have to do everything we can figure out how to make sure we don't kill off half the people in the world or have a nuclear war. It's just too important to be coddling people who want to act like little children any more. I hate to put it like that; I'm a liberal, and furthermore I'm an environmentalist. I've picketed, and I've demonstrated, and I've written my Congresscritters. I've put my money into environmental organizations for several decades. But it's time NOW, and we can't afford to **** around any more. If we do, expect gigadeaths.
 
I was under the impression I had, and I can't find the posts you're referring to.

Zirconblue said:
Not to speak for Lonewulf, but I think that was an unclear antecendant; I don't think you are the "he" in question.

I meant that Kevin hasn't responded to Schneibster's calling on his bluff. Kevin essentially kept claiming that Schneibster was completely ignorant as to a certain nuclear process, and Schneibster essentially came back and demonstrated that he was not. Kevin did this as to lead up to some kind of point where he'd call us all on our ignorance, but never responded.

I'll endeavor to use less pronouns in the future. :D

Schneibster said:
Anyone in their right mind prefers renewables; I prefer renewables. And I'll act locally to promote and use them. But I already know they won't be enough, and I think it's extremely dangerous to promote the idea they will.
That's part of what's so disturbing about this entire thread to me. People saying that mass-scale hydroelectric is "perfectly safe" while nuclear is the boogeyman is just one aspect of it. I'm also disturbed at the people that think that making a world-wide solar and wind energy system can be estimated through multiplication alone (which is what Kevin_Lowe showed earlier; I'll find a cite), while ignoring that the efficiency of solar and wind are dependant on where you live. Not all places have strong winds or plenty of sunlight. I already provided numbers by the International Energy Agency that demonstrated that the costs of wind and solar. In the USA-S2, it costed $100 per MWh. So we just multiply that by a certain number, and we know how much money every country has to spend, right? That's Kevin-logic.

But guess what? The highest cost is CZE-S, which is $1500 per MWh.

The logic here just isn't adding up. If it was a simple multiplication, why the difference of ten times the cost? I thought you could just add some number to the $100, and BAM, you have the cost of solar worldwide! But anyways, back to my point.

The quote is here:
You want more power, you build more of the things that generate power. If you build ten times as many, you get ten times as much power. If you build 250 times as many, you get 250 times as much power and hey presto, "magically" 0.4% becomes 100%.

I didn't know that all you had to do was built 250 times the facilities! Hey, that's easy to do, right? Geothermal sources pop up everywhere, after all, right? Bleh, the arm-chair engineers here disturb me to no end.


Overall, I'm just surprised at how easily people are dismissing nuclear altogether. Hey, there's a slight chance of something going wrong, so it ain't worth it. Nope. Global warming is nothing to worry about compared to a localized nuclear accident...

Meanwhile, they aren't in arms over hydroelectric, they just "don't support it", even though hydroelectric can be hundreds of times more dangerous than any nuclear power plant. But hell, submerging a significant number of the rainforest to make way for hydroelectric just doesn't warrant their concern... neither does the environmental problems. Luddite "doesn't support" the big dams, but is he actively working to tear down the existing ones? Why not?

Bleh. It almost seems like this is a game to these people.

Global warming sure as hell isn't a game to me.
 
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I meant that Kevin hasn't responded to Schneibster's calling on his bluff. Kevin essentially kept claiming that Schneibster was completely ignorant as to a certain nuclear process, and Schneibster essentially came back and demonstrated that he was not. Kevin did this as to lead up to some kind of point where he'd call us all on our ignorance, but never responded.

I'll endeavor to use less pronouns in the future. :D

I considered resurrecting that subthread when I got back and upon consideration decided it would be a waste of time. Since you're taking pot shots at me though:

The point that nuclear waste will be dangerous for at least a thousand years and possibly much longer, because of its decay products, was accepted by yourself and Schneibster before I got back. I saw no point in harping on that.

The amount of relevance in Schneibster's talk of U-234 is approximately the same as the amount of U-234 in nuclear waste. I chose U-234 as an illustration of how decay products work and why you can't just look at the original isotope's half-life, chemical and physical properties in order to figure out if the waste is dangerous. The idea that I was really arguing that the major danger in nuclear waste is the U-234 was his, not mine. I saw no point in digging up that straw man.

The claim that if we don't go nuclear a billion people will die was never adequately supported, nor was I ever clear on what exactly we had to do to prevent this mass slaughter, but Schneibster seemed to have dropped that claim anyway. I saw no point in digging it up either.

If you think I'm conveniently ignoring some other devastating point, feel free to bring it up again.
 
Kevin_Lowe said:
The point that nuclear waste will be dangerous for at least a thousand years and possibly much longer, because of its decay products, was accepted by yourself and Schneibster before I got back. I saw no point in harping on that.
Do you remember asking what, specifically, made it so dangerous? I remember you did. I also believe it was pointed out that the material in question was an alpha emitter. Alpha waves can't even penetrate the skin. So, you going to "debunk" that, or did you have a point with saying that Schneibster and I were ignoramus' as to the danger? Either that, or are you going to come up with another strawman where you claim that I'm claiming that nuclear waste is "perfectly safe"? If you've been reading the posts throughout this thread, it was brought up that other alpha wave emitters, such as Uranium, is only really dangerous if you ingest it. And that's more due to the chemical properties of Uranium than to the alpha waves.

Please actually back up your entire line of thought back there. It was cut off in mid-statement. You claimed that we didn't know why it was dangerous. You then didn't actually explain why. Please educate us!

Kevin_Lowe said:
The claim that if we don't go nuclear a billion people will die was never adequately supported, nor was I ever clear on what exactly we had to do to prevent this mass slaughter, but Schneibster seemed to have dropped that claim anyway. I saw no point in digging it up either.
Schneibster, can you please expand on this point? If it's true, it's a very important one to deal with.
 
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Do you remember asking what, specifically, made it so dangerous? I remember you did. I also believe it was pointed out that the material in question was an alpha emitter. Alpha waves can't even penetrate the skin. So, you going to "debunk" that, or did you have a point with saying that Schneibster and I were ignoramus' as to the danger? Either that, or are you going to come up with another strawman where you claim that I'm claiming that nuclear waste is "perfectly safe"? If you've been reading the posts throughout this thread, it was brought up that other alpha wave emitters, such as Uranium, is only really dangerous if you ingest it. And that's more due to the chemical properties of Uranium than to the alpha waves.

Please actually back up your entire line of thought back there. It was cut off in mid-statement. You claimed that we didn't know why it was dangerous. You then didn't actually explain why. Please educate us!

Alpha emitters are very dangerous if they can be ingested and taken up by the body or breathed in and caught in the lungs, as some can. However nothing says that all nuclear waste and all of its descendant isotopes will be alpha emitters. Beta and gamma emitters are almost certainly going to be in there too once the decay chain gets going even if they are not there at the start.

I say "almost certainly" because it's theoretically possible that every isotope in the waste just happens to have alpha emissions all the way down it's decay chain, but I'd be very surprised if it worked out that way.
 
I considered resurrecting that subthread when I got back and upon consideration decided it would be a waste of time. Since you're taking pot shots at me though:

The point that nuclear waste will be dangerous for at least a thousand years and possibly much longer, because of its decay products, was accepted by yourself and Schneibster before I got back. I saw no point in harping on that.
I accepted nothing of the kind. I'll demonstrate that by merely asking, which of the several kinds of nuclear waste discussed on this thread is that, Kevin? Either you didn't notice that at least five have been mentioned, or you're claiming that because I "admitted" it about one, it's true about them all, an obvious logical fallacy.

The amount of relevance in Schneibster's talk of U-234 is approximately the same as the amount of U-234 in nuclear waste. I chose U-234 as an illustration of how decay products work and why you can't just look at the original isotope's half-life, chemical and physical properties in order to figure out if the waste is dangerous.
Now this is outright dishonesty, and I have no intention of letting it pass. You didn't even know that U-234 isn't created in the reactor except in vanishingly small quantities; you were talking about its presence in waste, implying that it was enough to worry about. It's about 0.0058% of natural uranium; that's less than six one thousandths of a percent. Note that you spoke of Pu-238 in the same sentence, and you apparently don't have a clue that a) Pu-238 isn't a product of nuclear fission of U-235 mixed with U-238, and b) U-234 is present in uranium ore, and therefore in both natural uranium and enriched uranium. Tell me, Kevin, what reaction in a nuclear reactor produces Pu-238? Do you know how Pu-238 is produced? "It comes from nuclear reactors" is not an acceptable answer. Since you seem to think you know more than I do about nuclear reactions, why don't you just tell us all? Tell us, after you find out, how much of it you think is in nuclear waste, too. That will be an interesting piece of information.

Moving right along, U-234 IS an "original isotope," so there is absolutely no point you could possibly make regarding how decay products work that has to do with not being able to "look at the original isotope's half-life" using U-234 as opposed to U-235 and U-238. Finally, U-234 is such a low percentage, even after enrichment, that it is essentially non-existent from a radiological point of view; its contribution is so diluted by its low occurrence that there's no point in even discussing it even in enriched uranium, much less in the natural uranium which is used in CANDU reactors.

You had not the slightest idea what you were talking about, and nothing I've seen from you since has changed that opinion one iota; you're STILL talking about U-234 as if it weren't an "original isotope." And now I've caught you outright misrepresenting what you said. That's not merely dishonest, it's stupid, because you had to know I was going to go find where you said it and prove you had. So here it comes.

The idea that I was really arguing that the major danger in nuclear waste is the U-234 was his, not mine. I saw no point in digging up that straw man.
Spent fission reactor fuel contains U-234 (half-life 246000 years), Pu-238 (half-life 88 years then it turns into the aforementioned U-234) and Am-241 (half-life 432 years). Make a big pile of that stuff and it will be a serious health hazard for longer than any human political system has ever endured, by at least a couple of orders of magnitude.
And now I've caught you misrepresenting what you said again. Let's think about that; you've stated that U-234 makes an important contribution to the danger of nuclear waste, and this is emphasized by your use of it as an example of the danger of nuclear waste in another post in which you mention it alone as an example of why nuclear waste is so dangerous, here:
Schneibster, exactly what do you think is dangerous about a stockpile of used fuel rods containing U-234?
This looks to me definitively as if you are arguing that it is at least A major danger, if not THE major danger (since you mention it completely alone as if it were somehow important enough to be worth considering), in nuclear waste. So here we have two phenomena of note; first, you again misrepresented YOUR OWN ARGUMENT. And second, you have done so TO AVOID ADMITTING YOU WERE WRONG, and here we find that although I appear to be able to admit it when I was wrong, you cannot. I think that speaks to character, and lack of it.

The claim that if we don't go nuclear a billion people will die was never adequately supported, nor was I ever clear on what exactly we had to do to prevent this mass slaughter, but Schneibster seemed to have dropped that claim anyway. I saw no point in digging it up either.
Plenty of evidence was presented; you just can't come up with any arguments against any of it, so instead of being honest and admitting that, you instead choose to descend to rhetoric and pretend there wasn't any.

The evidence is right here. You've not refuted a lick of it, and now you're trying to pretend it doesn't exist. And that, Kevin, is a lie. Your fourth of the evening, in fact. Tell us all, after you just got done lying four times, why we should listen to anything further you might have to say.
 
I meant that Kevin hasn't responded to Schneibster's calling on his bluff. Kevin essentially kept claiming that Schneibster was completely ignorant as to a certain nuclear process, and Schneibster essentially came back and demonstrated that he was not. Kevin did this as to lead up to some kind of point where he'd call us all on our ignorance, but never responded.

I'll endeavor to use less pronouns in the future. :D
We're cool; I just wanted to make sure I hadn't overlooked something.
 
Schneibster, can you please expand on this point? If it's true, it's a very important one to deal with.
This page has a very informative graphic at the bottom; leading importers of wheat. Note the "developing countries" segment. Note that it is most of 75 million metric tons. The question here is, what happens to those countries if agriculture becomes local? Where will they get those calories from? And how many people live there? Then take a look at corn. Consider also that corn is livestock feed.

The amounts we're talking about here feed more than half the people alive today. That's over three billion people. Think about the implications of that statement, and then think about how that food gets to where it's being eaten. I may be an optimist claiming that only a billion people will die.
 
I accepted nothing of the kind. I'll demonstrate that by merely asking, which of the several kinds of nuclear waste discussed on this thread is that, Kevin? Either you didn't notice that at least five have been mentioned, or you're claiming that because I "admitted" it about one, it's true about them all, an obvious logical fallacy.

I refer to this post:

http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showpost.php?p=3129873&postcount=981

Looks to me like you were discussing fission reactor fuel waste originating in the USA at the time, and that's the kind of waste (apart from the originating in the USA bit) we have mostly been talking about.

Now this is outright dishonesty, and I have no intention of letting it pass. You didn't even know that U-234 isn't created in the reactor except in vanishingly small quantities;

...and so on and on at great length.

I didn't go in to irrelevant details because the person I was conversing with, Lonewulf, did not understand the very basics of radioactivity. You saw from a recent post, I hope, that he still thought all radioactive waste was alpha-emitting waste. U-234 was a good example because it was easy to look up all of its descendant isotopes, and it included ones with a variety of properties (like radium and radon) that illustrated the point I was making better than any other breakdown chain I could find with a casual search.

Look, you've already admitted in the post I just linked to that I was basically right. Do you have any goal in pursuing this subtopic except to pick a fight?

Plenty of evidence was presented; you just can't come up with any arguments against any of it, so instead of being honest and admitting that, you instead choose to descend to rhetoric and pretend there wasn't any.

The evidence is right here. You've not refuted a lick of it, and now you're trying to pretend it doesn't exist. And that, Kevin, is a lie. Your fourth of the evening, in fact. Tell us all, after you just got done lying four times, why we should listen to anything further you might have to say.

I don't see a lick of evidence there to refute. I see a lot of stating the obvious, and a lot of very lengthy jumps to unsupported conclusions, but I don't see evidence. Calling me a liar for not thinking it's evidence is pretty cheeky.
 
Kevin_Lowe said:
You saw from a recent post, I hope, that he still thought all radioactive waste was alpha-emitting waste.
Now that's a lie. Thank you, Kevin_Lowe, for showing your true character.

You had mentioned U-234 specifically. U-234, you dishonest SOB. U-234 is an alpha emitter. Or did you forget?

Uranium 234 is an alpha wave emitter with a long lifespan, yes. I was referring specifically to 234. You claiming that I've ever said that all waste is an alpha emitter is, quite frankly, a disgusting lie.

Welcome to my ignore list. Through your straw men, lies, and misrepresentation of other people's positions, you are not worth discussing this with. I'd take a discussion with Luddite over someone like you anyday.

Someone PM me if Kevin actually says something worth addressing, m'kay? I have no desire to waste my time reading through his dishonest trash to find out myself.
 
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I just want to note how I'm getting majorly annoyed at outright misrepresentation or dishonesty existing with some here. For instance, Sparks is quoted as saying:

You may be right Lone on Greenpeaces record: But then again, who doesn't distort facts to bolster their own position?

Which sure as hell sounds like a free pass to lie to support your own position.

Luddite has at times not seemed like he seriously considered any pro-nuclear arguments at all, and even has gone so far as to ignore almost all of them when someone else came up that was anti-nuclear. Either way, I do not blame Luddite for much as he's actually taken the time to debate topics, even if I don't like how he's hand-waved away hard figures that seemed to show that nuclear was economical. Meh. C'est la vie.

And now we have Kevin_Lowe grossly misrepresenting my position to the point where he's either lying, or SERIOUSLY needs to work on his reading comprehension. Unfortunately, he's done this often enough that I'm beginning to think that it's more of the former.

Sheesh, can we at least have some more honest anti-nuclear guys up here?
 
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That doesn't sound like it makes sense on the face of it. There is all this nuclear waste lying around, which we are told is fodder for future breeder reactors, and nations are paying significant amounts of money to store it. Yet you are saying it is cheaper to mine and refine uranium than use the waste already in existence and not pay to store it any more?

Something is funny about the economics there. Either it's more expensive to turn nuclear waste into usable fuel than it is to mine uranium and refine it, which is not the impression I got earlier, and in which case breeders are not cost-effective, or there is a reason other than fuel cost why everyone does not build breeders.

As for the US thing, we have already been over this. This discussion is not solely about the US and never has been, nor has anyone ever said that uranium and plutonium inside the USA was a proliferation risk in the first place. The problem is that global adoption of breeder reactors would lead to a greatly increased risk of global proliferation.

Others have answered the fuel cycle portion. And we have gone over the proliferation thing. However, I want to go over what is needed to build a bomb...etc.

Obviously, the US and other countries already have weapons--so building breeding type reactors can be used to extend the fuel available for electricity production.

To build a plutonium breeding reactor to make weapons grade plutonium is not that difficult unfortunately. The Handford reactors were simple--a bit of natural uranium and graphite cooled with water and you have a production reactor. However, the characteristic of a bomb builder reactor is that it must have very low burnup rates. The reactor will fuel up and go critical for about a month...shutdown and then reload fuel. In this manner, Pu239 will be bred. However, if the reactor was to stay at power too long, then it will burn the Pu or it will be converted to Pu240, 241 and 242. This would contaminate the Pu and make it useless for a weapon. This is how the US can tell if someone is making Pu...the thermal signature of the plant will show startup and shutdown on a monthly basis or so.

With a light water reactor, they are not designed to be refueled as quickly as a production reactor. The fuel is taken to burnup rates about 10 times as much. The Pu in LWR gets contaminated with isotopes of Pu that are just useless for bomb production. However, that Pu can be used to fuel other LWRs since the physics for bombs and the physics for power reactors is much different.

Power production breeders are different as well. These are fast reactors and can be used to make power and breed Pu for reactors...but the fuel cycle can be adjusted to make the spent fuel usless for bombs.

Of course, to handle spent fuel reprocessing requires really special equipment...some of which hasn't been designed yet on a large scale. This will require some significant engineering to make the process commercial viable. Personally, I don't think it will happen too soon.

The US Navy used to reprocess fuel...when a Navy plant reached end of life, there was still a significant amount of U235 which was worth recovering. Navy plants didn't breed Pu much since there was little U238 in the cores.

I would venture to say that Iran is building a production reactor. They also have centrifuges to make U235--which, similar to pakistan, they can build a fission bomb with.

From what I have read lately here, the US and other countries will probably only have the capability to produce enough reactors to keep the electricity contribution constant over the next 30 years or so.

There are other variation of breeding technology...light water thorium breeders for example...much of this needs new designs that are not available or licensed in the US. Right now, only a few designs have NRC approval and those will be built first. GE--advance BWR. Westinghouse--AP1000 and Sys 80+. And that's it--so only those will get built in the US.

glenn
 
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