...I've already posted the article by Phil Plait outlining why it would cost much, much more than $3B to build a colony on the moon. The Center for Strategic & International Studies put the cost of establishing a modest four-person station at $35 billion, including the development of a lunar lander, but not the rocket to take it there. You're also not including more than an estimated $7 billion per year to keep it operational. And that's just for 4 people. Newt was talking about a base that could support thousands of people (remember, he mentioned that the base might petition for statehood).
In addition, it's highly unlikely that a moon base and rocket capable of getting the equipment and people to the moon could be built in 8 years. Much less the Mars rocket.
Newt's moon colony: What would it cost?
-Bri
And I've already debunked our friend Plait's article. Then I've noted specific rockets and habitat modules and costs for them. So I can't see where your CNN article adds anything to this - it's just a group of vague generalities.
As for whether it could be done in 8 years, sure, there isn't any problem with that. We already have the technology. Apollo was 8 years, and they started from scratch. Big, big difference.
The BA330 units? 2 are in orbital test.
The Falcon Heavy is not flight ready, but the primary vehicle is, and the Heavy just straps three side by side. That's not a new rocket system, but a modification of existing working hardware.
I haven't discussed year to year operational costs of a moon base, true. But that's because I don't have a clearly defined mission profile for a crew on a moon base. Are they prospecting? Doing scientific experiments? Or what?
But my general answer would be that those people would pay for the use of that habitat, like a hotel. Some users might be private industry, some might be government.
That issue - year to year cost - is a separate issue from establishing a moon base. As you have noted, the CSIS study...
http://csis.org/publication/costs-international-lunar-base
has certain assumptions that I didn't make, such as Nasa's involvement and the expectation of their cost overruns. They assume, essentially, the rocket programs that have been cancelled for NASA would have been used to return to the moon. And that was part of the rationale for those programs. But now that's obsolete. So I guess if you ran back through CSIS's budgetary calculations (or asked them to) using the modules and launch system I proposed, you could get a good number of yearly cost based on staffing levels.