• Quick note - the problem with Youtube videos not embedding on the forum appears to have been fixed, thanks to ZiprHead. If you do still see problems let me know.

My argument against materialism

And for my own benefit, how do you actually calculate the attractive/repulsive forces between two atoms (say.. the most simple case of two ground-state hydrogen atoms)? Is there a relatively simple distance-dependent formula like there is for gravity?
 
In the real world there isn't any such thing as being unopposed.

Precisely. And what do we call this opposition ? Well, since you won't answer I'll answer for you: we call it a FORCE.

Gravity obeys the mass/energy/density in localities. When it becomes high enough it over powers the influence of other forces and principles such as the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

So now you are retracting your previous statement that gravity would "stop" absent another force ?

I DO NOT agree in the undetected and strange EM repulsion that you people insist on.

It's not the Strong or Weak Nuclear forces, and it's not gravity itself. So you tell me, what is that resistance ?
 
I've repeatedly asked for specific references and been taken for wild goose rides. I've also searched and must conclude, there isn't anything out there on this. I now realize I'm only critiquing snippets of ideas, hence I'm asking some one, any one of you, to concisely write what this thing is!

I'm not the one who is introducing new physics that extends quantum electrodynamics (QED). It is part of the Standard Model and one of the most successful theories in the history of science. QED does NOT include this strange form of EM repulsion! The onus is on one or more of you guys/gals to write a paper that explains and proves it. The shoe is on the other foot.

Some of you want to make this debate as one against me. That's not it! Your up against QED. However, if some eventually does extend QED it would be exciting news to the scientific/physics community and to the world.

Physics/cosmology was being discussed on this thread before I joined in. A JREF moderator has already ruled on your question & you know that! "It's on-going!"

Dancing David said:
1.Gee Ken Koskinen, are there are electrons in the outer shells of atoms? Yes or no?
2.When two atoms come close to each other, will the electrons in the outer shells exert a repulsive force? Yes or no?
3.Have you heard of Coulomb's lawWP? Yes or no?
4.As two molecules or atoms approach each other will the electrons in the outer shells be subject to Coulomb's law? Yes or no?


Third iteration.
 
Black Hole Production isn't Easy

How much mass is required to create a black hole, Ken? How do you calculate that value?

Apparently everything isn't obvious to some people on this thread. PixieMisa wrote: "To produce a black hole, all it needs to be is unopposed." The idea is black holes can form anywhere independent of mass/energy/density in a locality. Of course, he means ideally in a thought experiment. Even here it's not so simple. Imagine if you magically removed EM out of a single atom of hydrogen. Does that mean it would form into a black hole? I think not. It's not just eliminating obstacles. Its still also about mass/energy/density in a location.

However black hole production in the cosmos isn't just a mater of a planet accreting matter. As far as we know the thing has to become a star first. At the end of our Sun's life, for example, it will become a red giant. Eventually it will calm down into a white dwarf. (This takes about 10 billion years of stellar life and our Sun is only 5 billion or so years old). lf the white dwarf starts to accrete more matter and reaches the Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses) it could become either a neutron star or a black hole. Three solar masses worth of neutron star mass, another example, and it could become a black hole. You can do searches on these terms and learn more.

On earth in accelerator experiments the values aren't that certain because we haven't yet (for sure) seen a man-made mini-black hole. This means the math is in place but the observations aren't in books. In accelerators all resistances/obstacles can't be totally eliminated but they try. The LHC is about 27 Kilometers around. The beam pipes are kept at ultra high vacuum and the magnets that accelerate the particles are chilled to -271 degrees C. Hadrons are being smashed together at velocities close to the speed of light but so far no mini-black holes. Maybe we will see some in due time?

Sometimes we forget these details when we write a few lines about imaginary black hole production. So I guess ... the obvious is always so obvious, and that's my point.
 
I've repeatedly asked for specific references and been taken for wild goose rides.
Completely untrue.

I've also searched and must conclude, there isn't anything out there on this.p
Completely wrong.

I now realize I'm only critiquing snippets of ideas, hence I'm asking some one, any one of you, to concisely write what this thing is!
Coulomb's Law. Newton's Laws of Motion. Basic, basic, basic physics, of which you are for some reason completely ignorant.

I'm not the one who is introducing new physics that extends quantum electrodynamics (QED).
No, you're the one refusing to recognise half of QED.

It is part of the Standard Model and one of the most successful theories in the history of science. QED does NOT include this strange form of EM repulsion!
It's not the slightest bit strange and it is, of course, right there in QED.

The onus is on one or more of you guys/gals to write a paper that explains and proves it. The shoe is on the other foot.
Entirely wrong as ever, Ken.

Take two objects, negatively charged at one end and positively charged at the other. The net charge on each one is zero. Not hypothetical particles, any arbitrary object.

If we push the two negatively charged ends together, what is the resulting force (again, considering only electromagnetism)?

1. Attraction
2. Repulsion
3. Zero

Some of you want to make this debate as one against me.
It is. What you are claiming is contrary to all of physics.
 
Apparently everything isn't obvious to some people on this thread. PixieMisa wrote: "To produce a black hole, all it needs to be is unopposed." The idea is black holes can form anywhere independent of mass/energy/density in a locality. Of course, he means ideally in a thought experiment. Even here it's not so simple. Imagine if you magically removed EM out of a single atom of hydrogen. Does that mean it would form into a black hole? I think not. It's not just eliminating obstacles. Its still also about mass/energy/density in a location.
Ken, this is middle-school physics. Gravity is a force. It always attracts. If it were the only force involved, everything would clump together and get more and more compact until you had a black hole.

This doesn't happen.

Therefore - by Newton's Laws of Motion - there's another force opposing gravity. What is that force?
 
Who knows, at this point?

Ken, for reference, in the Standard Model there are exactly four forces: Gravity, Electromagnetic, Weak, and Nuclear (also known as Strong).

Whenever I ask about a force I am specifically referring to one of the four forces in the Standard Model.
 
Sol, where did you get the idea I'm claiming SM doesn't account for the stiffness of materials? OF COURSE it does. I'm saying the strange EM repulsion talked about on this thread isn't in QED!

Of course EM repulsion is part of QED! As for net-neutral objects exerting EM forces on each other, they very often do - because they have a non-zero internal charge distribution.

If you agree the standard model can account for the elasticity and stiffness of materials, it can only be because of QED. The weak force is totally irrelevant, and the strong force acts only within atomic nuclei - and that's it, that's the standard model.

Repulsion in QED arises in an obvious way between like charges or like-charged parts of a larger object or atom, and it also arises because of the "Q" in QED. Ask yourself this: why doesn't the electron in a hydrogen atom fall into the proton? Why instead is it nearly 100,000 times further away from the proton than the proton's size?

Once you understand the reason, and also understand that neutral atoms can and do exert fairly complex EM forces on each other, you may start to have a clue as to how this all works.
 
Last edited:
Of course EM repulsion is part of QED! As for net-neutral objects exerting EM forces on each other, they very often do - because they have a non-zero internal charge distribution.
Yep, which is why I've asked Ken six or seven times about what happens when you have objects that are neutral overall but where the charge is not evenly distributed. A very, very simple question that he refuses to answer.
 
Ken, for reference, in the Standard Model there are exactly four forces: Gravity, Electromagnetic, Weak, and Nuclear (also known as Strong).

Whenever I ask about a force I am specifically referring to one of the four forces in the Standard Model.

Minor semantic point: the "Standard Model" (as in the Standard Model of Particle Physics) actually doesn't include gravity. It's a quantum field theory that includes the three interactions you listed above, but no one knows for sure how to fully incorporate gravity into it.
 
The 3 SM Forces Act on particles/objects not on Gravity

Precisely. And what do we call this opposition ? Well, since you won't answer I'll answer for you: we call it a FORCE.

Well, resistance or opposition to what gravity does to a particle/object can be many things: all three standard model forces (including the action of EM), Pauli's Exclusion Principle (not one of the four forces), what I refer to as the neutral barrier (it separates two neutral objects because EM doesn't interact between them) and hence it is not quantum EM activity.

However I disagree in the so-called strange EM repulsion discussed here but not clearly anywhere else. Again, it's not part of QED. In an earlier post I used the term "wrong" but should have used the term "incomplete." QED deals with quantum EM activity and should include this "thing" if it is real. It doesn't, so one of you guys should fix QED by adding it in, don't you think? Of course ... it has to be detected first and it hasn't been. So ... good luck!

So now you are retracting your previous statement that gravity would "stop" absent another force?

No ... I merely saying in context to the thought experiment, that lack of opposition or resistances to gravity isn't the whole picture. Even then, you still have to have sufficient mass/energy/density in a location.

It's not the Strong or Weak Nuclear forces, and it's not gravity itself. So you tell me, what is that resistance?

That EM action can resist gravity action on particles/objects isn't the issue. Early in the argument I objected to statements that EM cancels, counterbalances gravity. I did so because it is known that only gravity acts directly on the other forces. They all gravitate and do not act directly on the force of gravity. However the effect of the other forces and quantum principles on particles/objects can and does resist gravity's effect.

To put it another way: There are two classes of actions. One is gravity alone acts on the other forces. The other is all forces & some quantum principles act on particles/objects. Some of these activities resist the action of gravity on particles/objects.
 
Minor semantic point: the "Standard Model" (as in the Standard Model of Particle Physics) actually doesn't include gravity. It's a quantum field theory that includes the three interactions you listed above, but no one knows for sure how to fully incorporate gravity into it.
Yep, a worthwhile clarification.
 
However I disagree in the so-called strange EM repulsion discussed here but not clearly anywhere else.
There is no "strange EM repulsion" being discussed here, except by you. Just absolutely normal, universally understood electromagnetism.

(Irrelevant twaddle snipped.)

Ken, simply answer this question, and you will achieve enlightenment:

Take two objects, negatively charged at one end and positively charged at the other. The net charge on each one is zero. Not hypothetical particles, any arbitrary object.

If we push the two negatively charged ends together, what is the resulting force (again, considering only electromagnetism)?

1. Attraction
2. Repulsion
3. Zero
 
No ... I merely saying in context to the thought experiment, that lack of opposition or resistances to gravity isn't the whole picture. Even then, you still have to have sufficient mass/energy/density in a location.

In such a thought experiment [gravity existing, sans other force(s)], any mass at all would become infinitely dense, wouldn't it? If not, why not?
 
Minor semantic point: the "Standard Model" (as in the Standard Model of Particle Physics) actually doesn't include gravity. It's a quantum field theory that includes the three interactions you listed above, but no one knows for sure how to fully incorporate gravity into it.
You are right Sol. It's easy to misfire on a word while writing. Here is another semantic point. The strong nuclear force is really two. The strong color force acts on quarks i.e. the constituents of protons, neutrons and mesons. Its boson is the gluon (8 different ones). The residual nuclear force keeps the protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei via exchanging mesons. The nuclear forces have different bosons and have different strengths but for some reason the popular literature at least counts them as one.

Gravity is out of the SM picture as you say. It's hypothetical boson has been dubbed the graviton but has never been detected. When quantum mechanical math was applied to quantize gravity it resulted in pesky infinite values. That is nonsense to math and of course to physics as it can not describe a path nature takes. In other words ... breakdown! The challenge is called the problem of quantum gravity and it's a biggy!
 
Ken, it would only take one word from you to answer my question and clear up the entire mess. One word.

So, let me try again:

Take two objects, negatively charged at one end and positively charged at the other. The net charge on each one is zero. Not hypothetical particles, any arbitrary object.

If we push the two negatively charged ends together, what is the resulting force (again, considering only electromagnetism)?

1. Attraction
2. Repulsion
3. Zero
 
The strong nuclear force is really two.

Not in the way physicists count these things - it's just one force.

The strong color force acts on quarks i.e. the constituents of protons, neutrons and mesons. Its boson is the gluon (8 different ones). The residual nuclear force keeps the protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei via exchanging mesons. The nuclear forces have different bosons and have different strengths but for some reason the popular literature at least counts them as one.

It's true that you can think of the force between nucleons (i.e. protons and neutrons) as mediated by pions, but that's just an effective description. The underlying theory is quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and the fundamental force carriers are gluons.

None of this is relevant to the far more basic issue we were discussing, however. Will you answer PixyMisa's question?
 
Thoughts on Thought Experiments!

In such a thought experiment [gravity existing, sans other force(s)], any mass at all would become infinitely dense, wouldn't it? If not, why not?

You may have a point in such an extrapolation. However, when people run thought experiments it depends on the creator. After all in these kind of exercises, one can think up whatever, with or without references to our reality. I was asked recently to imagine a universe without gravity. I couldn't ... could you?

However, the really helpful thought experiments ... can lead to insights towards developing to principles that may apply in our real world! Einstein was very imaginative ... and his thought experiments aided him in his theoretical modeling. In this, he didn't suspend a single force. He only manipulated the scenarios (Of course in his early years only gravity and electromagnetism were known). However the lesson for us is that one need not necessarily imagine that forces are suspended. Try to manipulate conditions, locations, velocities and other values instead. Then see what comes out of the thought pot! I'm just saying ... go with your own instincts!
 
However I disagree in the so-called strange EM repulsion discussed here but not clearly anywhere else.
How much clearer can you get than this?
wikipedia said:
The consequence of the Pauli principle here is that electrons of the same spin are kept apart by a repulsive exchange interaction, which is a short-range effect complemented by the long-range electrostatic or coulombic force. This effect is therefore partly responsible for the everyday observation in the macroscopic world that two solid objects cannot be in the same place in the same time.
- Pauli Exclusion PrincipleWP

Perhaps this?
Philip Gibbs said:
Technically any body sitting on a surface is levitated a microscopic distance above it. This is due to electromagnetic intermolecular forces ...
- sci.physics FAQ: Magnetic Levitation

Again, it's not part of QED.
Richard Feynman, wikipedia, and sci.physics disagree. I've given you at least three sources that should be perfectly sufficient to establish what mainstream physics says at this point--one of which is a video of one of the founding fathers of quantum electrodynamics himself.

That EM action can resist gravity action on particles/objects isn't the issue.
This is a direct contradiction to:
However I disagree in the so-called strange EM repulsion discussed here but not clearly anywhere else.
Early in the argument I objected to statements that EM cancels, counterbalances gravity. I did so because it is known that only gravity acts directly on the other forces.
This is a red herring though. I stand on a scale, the springs on the scale depress; the more they depress, the more they push back. Naturally they continue to depress until they are pushing up at about 148 force pounds of pressure. The very principle behind the scale--the way that it works--is to measure the amount of deformation required by Hooke's lawWP for the scale to push me back up--a repulsion by definition--at exactly the force that gravity pulls me down.

Now, the force by which those springs push me up when the springs are at this deformation is electromagnetic in nature. But you're saying that you have a point that gravity acts on the force carriers here. Well, yeah, it probably does, but it's almost entirely irrelevant. The springs themselves have weight, for example. And when they are depressed, they probably do weigh a tiny bit more. But if you take the scale and put its plate against a vertical wall, and you depress it enough to read 148 force-pounds, you're going to have to apply 148 force-pounds to do it. This is a demonstration that the fact that gravity acts on the energy of the virtual photons on the scale is hardly significant.

Now, the scale only depresses this particular amount, because that's all the mass I have. And you can say that the reason the scale doesn't go down further is because there's not enough mass for it to, but you cannot use the fact that there's not enough mass for the scale to go down further to conclude that the springs do not, in fact, push me up. Yet this is exactly your line of argument with PixyMisa.
To put it another way: There are two classes of actions. One is gravity alone acts on the other forces. The other is all forces & some quantum principles act on particles/objects. Some of these activities resist the action of gravity on particles/objects.
Exactly. The electromagnetic force responsible for the repulsion of my weight in the scale, for example, resists the action of gravity to prevent the springs from bending any more than that required to read 148. Likewise, the electromagnetic force in the floor pushes on the scale and I preventing both of us from sinking through to the first floor; and so on.

Or at least, this is the story as told to me by mainstream physicists, of which--do not take this the wrong way--you are not one.
 
Last edited:

Back
Top Bottom