icerat
Philosopher
This is going to be a problem if we are trying to answer the question, "Is MLM a good business model?" and we can't agree on what "good" means in this context.
Yup.
We might as well call that group of people "customers."
I entirely agree. Which means if you're analysing whether it's a "good business" or not you shouldn't be looking at these guys profit/loss, which is what virtually all "critical" analysis of MLM does.
More confounding, people can change category, in both directions, at any time.
I would like to use profit and money as the relevant metric. Whatever else Amway may provide, that is not "business." I claim this in the same way I might say that a church isn't a business model, even though, in a sense, they provide a service and receive compensation for it. The main purpose of a church (Scientology aside) isn't to make money, it's to promote a religious viewpoint in service of a deity and holy writ.
Now, if the main purpose of MLM isn't to make money for the participants, then it is something other than a business. It may be a hobby or a charity or a buyer's club... but what defines a business is the profit motive.
Is this fair or would you like to use another idea of what a business is?
Ok, well first of all MLM isn't a business per se, it's a marketing strategy. Amway, as a company, has two purposes. One is to sell it's products. The other is to offer a low-cost, low-risk business opportunity.
Ultimately MLM is a marketing strategy to sell more products. That strategy is used by Amway, and active participants. Obviously of course, a desired side effect of selling more products is making more money.
So the question is - does the MLM marketing strategy work?
In Amway's case, the answer is clearly yes.
For people who join Amway, or other MLMs, the first thing you have to ask is - "are they applying the strategy"?
When I was purchasing products to sell to my club, I was not using MLM at all. I was engaged in simple level one direct selling.
This is the problem with trying to analyse this. "Amway distributor" (ie potentially, because they signed a contract) covers a broad, non-homogenous, group of people. Some who just want the products, some who just want a little income, virtually a direct sales job. Others who want a more business-like operation. Others are motivated by elements of all three, and the degree to which any of them is important to an individual can change back and forth at any time.
Then within that last group you have people, including large well defined groups, using different strategies. Some focus more on recruiting new reps, and less on each rep creating customer sales. Some focus on no full retail customer sales at all, instead treating it more like a buying club. And there's everything in between.
On top of that, success in developing any business takes time. At any given point in Amway, you'll have people have been developing their business for more than 50 years (there's 3rd generation family businesses now) and others who joined in the last few minutes.
So, like any large, non-homogenous group, it's very very difficult to analyse. What I think is clear is that some simple "income average" is virtually meaningless. Heck, average isn't even used for official household income statistics. You can't use it for a group that's not close to a normal distribution. The only reason MLMs report it is because the FTC in their bureaucratic wisdom back in the 1970s demanded it.