Well, at least that is one of the claims in the book "I Don't Have Enough Faith to be an Atheist" by Norman Geisler and Frank Turek. Many of you should know of this book as it is the focus of my Evidence thread in the History Forum. The book says this on page 129.
"...if materialism is true, then reason itself is impossible. For if mental processes are nothing but chemical reactions in the brain, then there is no reason to believe that anything is true (including the theory of materialism). Chemicals can't evaluate whether or not a theory is true. Chemicals don't reason, they react.
This is supremely ironic because Darwinists---who claim to champion truth and reason---have made truth and reason impossible by their theory of materialism. So even when Darwinists are right about something, their worldview gives us no reason to believe them---because reason itself is impossible in a world governed only by chemical and physical forces."
I haven't read through this entire thread, so apologies if some of these points have been raised before.
First, I don't think this is a new idea. Didn't the writer C.S.Lewis originally bring up this point?
But leaving that aside, the premise is that chemical reactions, no matter how complex, cannot evaluate the truth or falsehood of a proposition. Therefore man must have a soul that does this.
I would note that evolutionary theory does not preclude the existence of a soul. I would also note that term "Darwinist" is strictly incorrect, as modern evolutionary theory is based on neo-darwinism, which joins Darwin's ideas to Mendelian genetics.
But the problem as I see it is this. If man has a soul, when does he acquire it? If, as Christians allege, it is created at the moment of conception, then from that point on we would expect the foetus, and later the baby, to have a fully functioning rational consciousness. In reality, consciousness does not emerge until some time after birth. Clearly it depends on the development of the brain to the point at which it gives the person consciousness. The development continues through childhood and adolescence, and only when we reach adulthood is rational thought fully developed.
That is clear evidence for the basis of rational thought in the brain's physical structure, which takes time to grow, rather than a non-physical soul that appears at conception.