According to the medical report released by Scottish authorities, Mr. al-Megrahi was diagnosed September 2008 with poorly differentiated (Gleason grade 4+5=9 on a scale of 2 [best] to 10 [worst]), bone metastatic prostate cancer and he had a PSA of 363 ng/ml (normal < 2.5 ng/ml). In layman’s terms, this means he was diagnosed with an incurable prostate cancer that was so advanced it had spread to his bones.
Mr. al-Megrahi had an initial response to this treatment, and his PSA dropped to 12.0 ng/ml. In other words, he responded but the failure of his PSA to fall to normal (<2.5 ng/ml) or undetectable (<0.2 ng/ml) predicted a remission that would be shorter than average .
Unfortunately for Mr. al-Megrahi, his cancer recurred in spite of hormone treatment in April 2009 when his PSA rose to 22.1 ng/ml and then 45.1 ng/ml. In short, the hormone treatment was failing and his PSA continued to rise, eventually reaching 208.8 July 2009. This sequence of PSA test values follows a PSA doubling time of approximately 2 months, which is consistent with a very rapidly growing prostate cancer. Up until this point, Mr. al-Megrahi’s treatment was standard care.
Mr. al-Megrahi was released August 20, 2009 based on a medical prognosis that was determined on or before August 10, 2009. We know this because that was the date of the medical report, prepared by a Scottish physician named Dr. Andrew Fraser, which was the medical basis for Mr. al-Megrahi’s release. Scottish officials based his compassionate release on the fact that, according to this report, he was believed to have three months or less to live. In my 23 years of experience caring for more than 2000 prostate cancer patients and reading clinical studies that evaluated thousands of patients in similar conditions, there is no conceivable way a cancer specialist or anyone familiar with the treatment of prostate cancer could have given a three month prognosis based on the clinical situation and treatment described above. Let me explain why:
• A patient with prostate cancer with an accurate three month prognosis would have to be almost bedridden. Dr. Fraser noted in his final medical report that Mr. al-Megrahi’s cancer “did not restrict or remove (his) ability to carry out any particular tasks.” That is not the definition of a patient with prostate cancer who will die within three months. Also, as could be seen by the footage of his reception in Libya, he was ambulatory upon his arrival in Libya.
• We know that Scottish Government authorities, doctors, and Mr. al-Megrahi himself all claimed that Mr. al-Megrahi planned on taking courses of chemotherapy. However, a patient with prostate cancer with an accurate three month prognosis would have to be so ill that he would have been unable to receive a regimen of chemotherapy. A patient with prostate cancer with an accurate three month prognosis would instead be given palliative or end-of-life care focused on pain management and making the patient as comfortable as possible.
• Building on the two previous points, a prognosis of three months survival cannot be made until either all standard treatment options like chemotherapy have been attempted and evaluated or the patient has clear symptoms – like an inability to walk – that make it medically unreasonable to explore further treatment. In Mr. al-Megrahi’s case, they hadn’t even begun chemotherapy but intended to do so, which clearly indicates that he was physically able to undergo the next course of treatment and was not within three months of dying.