Is Scepticism a process, or a belief system?

What in our mind is not in a belief system?

Hi everyone!

I am new here. Thought I would jump right into the fray. Seems like a really bright group. I hope to challange and be challanged in a postive and constructive fashion. That said, lets dive in!

Look at what Paul said: "It's a fool's errand to try to define skeptic, atheist, god, intelligent design, free will, and scads of other words. Even if you do, most people will interpret the word to mean something else, as SusanB said."

Is it a fool errand to define "work", or "pressure", "gravity" or temperature"? Is there some a priori thing that seperates things of the mind from the need for definition, as opposed to things of the external world?

To start, I understand the gist of the discussion, and at the level of the discourse, of course, there is a process of seeking validation for some specific claim.

But Paul actually tangents on the real issue: how do you know what anything means? Do you understand how and why you use language? Do you know the processes that underlye your very ability to understand anything? Do you know with any kind of certainty at all the meaning of any specific word? Is it not perhaps a fools errand to think you know anything?

"Certainty is only possible in mathematics, and mathematics is a matter of arbitrary convention". (A penny to anyone who knows from whom that quote was taken)

How far are you willing to take your skepticism? What do you really know? Isn't it possible that that the entire set of ideas in your mind has the ontological equivalent of seeing faces in clouds?

Ultimately, I would suggest, it's all belief.

One of the things I have seen, generally speaking, looking at postings here, is that people do not appear to appreciate that language is a closed system. You can only define anything in terms of other words. When you empirically validate your ideas, you are merely extending the net of language. This is good in so far as it opens up the vistas of language, but it in no way eliminate the fact that you have gone nowhere. That scale is not "real" - it is merely an extension of language and (language's grand daddy) culture. You started out in your mind, and you ended in your mind. It's like a mobious loop.

One of the smarter ideas on the block right now is that our ability to symbolically represent "reality" evolved in a contingent fashion. Meaning that the representations in no way have to represent "truth", they only need to approximate "what is out there" well enough that we can generate progeny. That is, like it or not, the essence of evolution.

So, I would suggest that, just the presumption that you can know this better than that, is in itself a belief. A belief grounded in so many unspoken presuppositions, (about language, and mind, about yourself, about others, about society, and time and space) that you have little choice but to recognize that even this processes of validating some specific item in your mental experience, is itself just one more element in the cloud of your mental experience.

Again, how far are you willing to take this process of scepticism?

"Unawakened man knows only facts, no mysteries, to him things are their own explanation; the world is there and what else is there to know? Such is the animal outlook; to the bovine mind pastures may be good or bad, but they need no explanation. Thus unawakened man is content with the facts of existence--his environment, his food, his work, his family and friends are so many facts surrounding him, pleasant or unpleasant, but never in need of explanation. To speak to him of mystery hidden in his life and his world would not convey any meaning; he exists and the fact of his existence is sufficient unto him. Death and life themselves may for a while cause him anxiety or joy, but even then they do not arouse any questions; they are familiar and customary. It is the very familiarity of life which hides its mystery to the animal mind. That which seen once would be a marvel becomes familiar when seen a hundred times and ceases to suggest the possibility of further explanation.

With the dawn of intellect the mystery of primitive man is lost and naught but facts in their vulgarity remain; in the sublime ignorance of a self-satisfaction, which doubts neither itself nor the world, man moves among mysteries which, could he but realize them, would strike terror into his heart.."

(A whole dollar if you can figure out who this quote is from!)

End of my first post!

Take care all

Don DeGracia
 
Science is a process. Skepticism is a position one takes that evidence collected by the scientific process is necessary before accepting most claims of fact.

You can elaborate on the scientific process, what is supporting evidence, what's a valid conclusion, but the term, skeptic, is not nearly as ambiguous as some posts here imply.
 
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It's a fool's errand to try to define skeptic, atheist, god, intelligent design, free will, and scads of other words. Even if you do, most people will interpret the word to mean something else, as SusanB said.

~~ Paul
Communication does involve a person using a word(s) and one receiving the word(s). When the sender and receiver aren't using similar definitions, communication can fail. But think of definitions, not as fixed, rather as serving the current purpose for which the words are being used.

I can write a paper on the philosophical meaning of skepticism or being a skeptic. It's the whole paper that defines the word skeptic but in particular, to the audience reading the paper. That doesn't mean I can't use the term skeptic in some simpler context.

If it were foolish to define words like atheist and skeptic, how would I ever use those words? I'd end up speaking dissertations to communicate simple meanings.

I suggest just remaining mindful of the receiver and if they are not using the same definition of words you are using, then choose different terms or that 'dissertation' version.
 
Modern skepticism is embodied in the scientific method, which involves gathering data to test natural explanations for natural phenomenon. A claim becomes factual when it is confirmed to such an extent that it would be reasonable to offer temporary agreement. But all facts in science are provisional and subject to challenge, and therefore skepticism is a method leading to provisional conclusions.
Michael Shermer on "The Scientific Method"*

*from Why People Believe Weird Things, by Michael Shermer (1997)

 
Communication does involve a person using a word(s) and one receiving the word(s). When the sender and receiver aren't using similar definitions, communication can fail. But think of definitions, not as fixed, rather as serving the current purpose for which the words are being used.

I can write a paper on the philosophical meaning of skepticism or being a skeptic. It's the whole paper that defines the word skeptic but in particular, to the audience reading the paper. That doesn't mean I can't use the term skeptic in some simpler context.

If it were foolish to define words like atheist and skeptic, how would I ever use those words? I'd end up speaking dissertations to communicate simple meanings.

I suggest just remaining mindful of the receiver and if they are not using the same definition of words you are using, then choose different terms or that 'dissertation' version.

I think Paul's comment may be a result of frustration from his many years in the "Religion and Philosophy" section of this Forum and his attempts to get people to explain what the bloody hell they mean when they use words like "free will", "god" and so on. :)
 
Hello Don,

Welcome to the forum.

The quote you referenced is from JJ Van Der Leeuw's The Conquest of Illusion, written in 1928, Chapter 1.
 
I think one may become more skeptical the longer one hangs around here -- I know I have, and I think that's to the good.

It's nice to have one's rational and irrational thoughts confirmed in the same forum. Priceless, if you ask me. :)

M.
 
Hello Don,

Welcome to the forum.

The quote you referenced is from JJ Van Der Leeuw's The Conquest of Illusion, written in 1928, Chapter 1.

Welcome from me too, Don. You'll probably surpass my post count in a week.

I was going to google your quote--yeah I'm a googling cheater!-- but then I decided to read the whole thing carefully first...and I didn't get it. The "bovine mind"? Yeah, so I gave up, googled. Still....huh? Guess I'm out a dollar. Congrats meg...Googler or super scholar? Both?

As for the OP, I'd say that scepticism is NEITHER a belief system nor a process. It's an attitude of doubt. Dictionary.com says it's a "skeptical attitude or temper; doubt." I think dictionary.com's second definition clears up what the JREF, in particular, is mostly about: questioning and examining claims of paranormal and supernatural phenomena (i.e. "doubt or unbelief with regard to a religion").

I think that there are lots of processes (the scientific method etc.) and belief systems (atheism etc.) that go along with having a skeptical attitude, but those things already have names...
 
I was going to google your quote--yeah I'm a googling cheater!-- but then I decided to read the whole thing carefully first...and I didn't get it. The "bovine mind"? Yeah, so I gave up, googled. Still....huh? Guess I'm out a dollar. Congrats meg...Googler or super scholar? Both?

While I am a googler extraordinaire, I had an inkling before hand, having read a ridiculous amount of theosophical woodoo in my younger days.
 
Woodoo, I like that. Thinking of that and google I thought up woogle...a new invention? Unfortunately, after a quick search, I see that somebody has already thought up "woogle" on this forum. Darn.

But I'm going to push it and use my new words anyway. It's late and I can't resist. Don; we've woogled your woodoo, now would you explain what it was? I feel like Barbara Walters. Or Dr. Seuss.
 
Skepticism beginning with the worldview based on philosophical materialism is a belief system. :)
 
I disagree.

Philosophical materialism is a complex belief system which includes a methodology. It predates Socrates.

On the other hand Skepticism is a general term which can be summed up in one word: doubt. Unlike the former skepticism has no fixed, coherent system for evaluating truth.

Skepticism beginning with the worldview based on philosophical materialism is a belief system. :)

On the contrary, Scepticism is the beginning of an inquiry, and only that. Again, it's not a system of set beliefs, rules, or assumptions designed to evaluate claims or attain truth.
 
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Trying responding to what I actually wrote. Then we can discuss your disagreement.
 
Of course it's a belief system.

Choose neither, and your skepticism can be based on illogical dualism.
 
Sounds like the materialism and idealism are the belief systems here, not the skepticism as it appears that it can still be applied within both.
 
My "belief" is that scepticism is simply a word used to mean wanting sufficient information to actually accept some situation, statement/collected statements, system, thing as probably correct/true/"believeable" and using some verification system that tends to give reliable results (scientific method being one) that seem to have a one-to-one relationship with the observed universe.
 
I think skepticism is a way of evaluating "truth". It's about logic and intellectual honesty.
 
Wow! You guys (and gals!) are great!

Hi everyone!

Wow! What an active message board!!

First, OK Meg, how do I send you the dollar!!!??

Wow, I didnt expect so many responses overnight! My goodness.

So, seriously, I suppose the post is a bit cryptic, and I am prone to that. Call it overcompensation.

By way of introduction, I'm a professional scientist. And a brain scientist to boot. Being that I do this stuff for a living, I see first hand day in and day out how unobjective the process of validation really is.

This is not to say it doesnt work. Obviously it does something, although I would suggest that that something is not what people generally take it to be, i.e. give us a more "objective" or more "true" picture of the world.

You could perhaps label me somewhat of a postmodernist, and I wouldnt disagree too much, as long as proper qualifications are put in place. But I am not an English teacher or literary critic, I am a scientist.

I do experiments every day on the brain. I study brain injury actually, which is a lot easier than studying brain function. My work is more interested in how neurons die than how they work.

Lesson number one about science and the scientific process. You know why I study brain injury instead of brain function? Because I can get funding more readily.

Thats not to say that you cant get funding studying brain function, lots of people do. But if you are not a professional scientist, then you do not appreciate how unbelievable competitive science is. For those of you that dont know, funding at most NIH institutes right now is at 9%. That means 1 in 11 grants gets funded right now. Usually its more at 25%, or 1 in 4.

Therefore, right now, almost 90% of scientists out there are drying up for lack of funding.

So, what does this have to do with van der Leeuw? Its just one example of the fact that science - validation of our ideas by empirical means - is done by humans, not by idealized robots. And since it is done by humans, all kinds of human factors enter into the fray. The consideration of "what do I research?" is largely driven by how its payed for. Its one of the main lessons I teach my students: you go where the money is.

When you start to follow this, and similar, sociological aspects of the scientific enterprise through to their logical conclusions, then you begin to see how imperfect the process is.

Note, the word imperfect. This does not mean the process doesnt work, only that there are many many social and psychological factors that come into play that muddy up the waters.

But I was actually getting at a broader issue in my post that relates directly to the study of brain function. For when you study brain function, ontology and epistimology are no longer merely philosophical concerns. They become both technical and theoretical issues. The logic is something like this:

All knowledge stems from the brain
We do not know how the brain creates knowledge
Therefore we do not understand how we know anything.

This is now a scientific issue, I believe. I believe this as a modern neurophysiologist. As many of you are probably aware here, our knowledge of brain function has grown tremendously, especially since the development of noninvasive neuroimaging methods in the early 1970s.

Whats less well known perhaps is that we do not even know why these methods work. I go to the major international meeting on brain blood flow every two years, and that is the number one question pursued in the field at present: what is the cellular and molecular bases for the neuoimaging methods?

We know they work, but we dont know how they work. Hence, even our new knowledge of brain function rests on a somewhat evaporative surface.

Again, it comes to the issue of: how sceptical are you willing to be? Knowledge is like a mirage in the desert. You think you see something, but upon closer inspection, it becomes vapid. Look at matter. We used to think it was solid. Now we know its mostly empty.

Similarly with psychology, which is extremely complex and elusive. Space is not the final frontier, our mind is.
The point of the van der Leeuw quote is that he makes the point (albeit somewhat poetically) that that of which we are most familiar is that for which we are lulled into a false sense of understanding. But familiarity is NOT understanding.

And what is more familiar than our very awareness? Our thoughts and feelings and day to day experience? The familiarity breeds a complacency. But, if you apply your scepticism to yourself, you will see it dissolve step by step, so that you begin to appreciate JJ's statement that, if you but got a glimpse, it would strike terror in your heart. From just one perspective, that terror results in realizing that one's basis for thinking they understand is in fact quicksand. That there is in fact no basis. That our understanding floats, like a cloud.

So, I offer a very extreme for of scepticism. One that questions the very nature of the mind itself. Again, I challange everyone here to show me that the mind is not the center of all knowledge. And that, since we do not understand the mind, we do not understand knowledge. And I do not accept the contention that we can run and hide in circumscribed, precisely asked questions. Again, being a professional scientist, I could go on and on about how vapid these really are.

And please be aware, I do this all in good fun. I love intellectual things and I do this for enjoyment. On a certain level, it is a game, but I believe it is a healthy game, this game of questioning. To paraphrase van der Leeuw (again!): we wouldn't be driven to question if there wasnt some chance of finding knowledge. Unless of course, life is a cruel joke and we strive for no reason at all.

Again, Hi to everyone, its nice to meet all of you. I owe Meg a dollar! I'm good for my money!

Talk more soon.

P.S. thanks for the break, as I am sitting here now trying to analyze microscope data. Man, talk about seeing faces in clouds!
 
Hi domdeg. How about you just answer a question for me instead of payment?

I am wondering if you are the same "Don DeGracia PhD" that writes about lucid dreaming, astral projection, out of body experiences, kundalini, theosophy and more that is found here and here?

(edited to remove another question)

Thanks very much
Meg
 
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