Few questions come to my mind and need to be awnsered at first:-
Why do these questions come to mind ?
1. Whether overall fasting is common practice on living under natural environment?
Well, the argument presented by Michael Moseley (a doctor who presented a programme on the 5:2 diet on the BBC which kick-started the major interest in the diet in the UK) is that due to modern food production and distribution practices most people in the UK can afford to eat three meals and snacks 12 months of the year.
Hunter-gatherers on the other had do not necessarily have access to this kind of abundance of food so humans evolved to withstand periodic food shortages.
In other words inadvertent fasting was almost unavoidable.
2. Whether specific fasting is common practice on living under natural environment?
I suppose it depends where you live but for people living in temperate latitudes there is distinct food seasonality. Hunter gatherers would have access to fruit in the summer and the autumn but it would be in short supply in winter and spring.
Hunter gatherers in tropical climates presumably don't have quite so much food seasonality to deal with.
3. Whether our intakes are normal in nature?
The evidence is that the modern diet available to most people in the developed world is higher in calories than the hunter gatherer diet. There is also evidence that the transition from hunter gathering to agriculture resulted in lower overall nutrition standards but more people being fed.
4. Whether fasting is needed to repay for our mistakes in eating or just it is needed naturally?
There is no conclusive evidence that fasting is required at all, merely suggestive evidence.
A person eating 2,500 calories a day eating 600 calories a fay for two days a week will be lowering their weekly calorie intake by around 20% so the weight loss is readily explainable.
The other benefits including better insulin response have yet to be confirmed in large scale studies.
5. How overall and specific fasting can benefit to us i.e. science of fasting?
Amazingly enough scientists are choosing to actually do studies into this but the results of the studies have yet to be published. There are strong indications of benefits beyond mere weight loss but as I mentioned above these have yet to be confirmed.
I have seen other species opting fasting on some sickness.
Really, which species ?