I don't think space is expanding.

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Reformed Offlian said:
Exactly. Which is not the same thing as predicting the CMB.
Click to expand...

"... The increase in
temperature will be proportional to the energy of ab-
sorbed cosmic rays (S U ) and the surface (O). The
temperature of the body will increase until the heat it
emits—in case of black body radiation σ ⋅ T 4 ⋅ O —
reaches the same value. We then obtain a final tem-
perature of T = 4 S U σ . Substituting numerical
values we obtain 2.8 K"


Black body radiation at 2.8K sounds like the CMB to me.
 
Mike Helland said:
"... The increase in
temperature will be proportional to the energy of ab-
sorbed cosmic rays (S U ) and the surface (O). The
temperature of the body will increase until the heat it
emits—in case of black body radiation σ ⋅ T 4 ⋅ O —
reaches the same value. We then obtain a final tem-
perature of T = 4 S U σ . Substituting numerical
values we obtain 2.8 K"


Black body radiation at 2.8K sounds like the CMB to me.
Click to expand...

Your quote doesn't say that cosmic rays are black body radiation; it says, in effect, that the irradiance of cosmic rays is equal to the irradiance of the light produced at the surface of a black body at 2.8K. Your statement that the two are the same is as absurd as claiming that, because a cat weighs the same as two large bags of flour, then two large bags of flour is the same as a cat.

Dave
 
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Mike Helland said:
"... The increase in
temperature will be proportional to the energy of ab-
sorbed cosmic rays (S U ) and the surface (O). The
temperature of the body will increase until the heat it
emits—in case of black body radiation σ ⋅ T 4 ⋅ O —
reaches the same value. We then obtain a final tem-
perature of T = 4 S U σ . Substituting numerical
values we obtain 2.8 K"


Black body radiation at 2.8K sounds like the CMB to me.
Click to expand...

It doesn't to me. Just because the words "black body radiation" appear in a sentence doesn't mean we're talking about an actual blackbody. Blackbody radiation is an idealization. It is a derived quantity, like equilibrium temperature, not an observed one.

The earth is described as having a a black body temperature of -23C. That's not a reference to any observed temperature of that quantity; it is an estimate of the temperature the earth's surface *would* have if it didn't have an atmosphere. And it still wouldn't be a near-perfect blackbody like the CMB even in that case; nothing known is, not the earth or moon, not stars, not cosmic rays, not the interstellar medium.

What made Penzias and Wilson's discovery most interesting wasn't that they found a "blackbody radiation at 2.8K"; it is that the spectrum of that observed radiation actually matched the idealization far more closely than any known object or medium could, and that wasn't something any of the people you have referenced were expecting.
 
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Dave Rogers said:
Your quote doesn't say that cosmic rays are black body radiation; it says, in effect, that the irradiance of cosmic rays is equal to the irradiance of the light produced at the surface of a black body at 2.8K. Your statement that the two are the same is as absurd as claiming that, because a cat weighs the same as two large bags of flour, then two large bags of flour is the same as a cat.
Click to expand...


No one said they were the same thing. Just similar temps.

That's objectively true.

Could be a coincidence.
 
Reformed Offlian said:
It doesn't to me. Just because the words "black body radiation" appear in a sentence doesn't mean we're talking about an actual blackbody.
Click to expand...

Then what was he talking about?

"However, the density of energy produced by cosmic
rays, which is nearly equal to the density of light and
heat emitted by the fixed stars, is very interesting from
an astrophysical point of view. A celestial body with
the necessary dimensions to absorb the cosmic rays—in
case of a density of 1, a body with a diameter of several
meters (5 meters of water absorb 10 9 of the cosmic
rays)—will be heated by cosmic rays. The increase in
temperature will be proportional to the energy of ab-
sorbed cosmic rays (S U ) and the surface (O). The
temperature of the body will increase until the heat it
emits—in case of black body radiation σ ⋅ T 4 ⋅ O —
reaches the same value. We then obtain a final tem-
perature of T = 4 S U σ . Substituting numerical
values we obtain 2.8 K"
 
Mike Helland said:
No one said they were the same thing. Just similar temps.

That's objectively true.
Click to expand...

No, it isn't. You don't understand your own quote. It says that the absorption of cosmic rays at the surface of an object will be balanced by the emission of black body radiation from that surface when the temperature of the object is about 2.8K. That is not a statement of the temperature of cosmic rays, but of their irradiance.

You don't appear to know anything whatsoever about the black body radiation spectrum or its relationship to temperature, and as a result you're making yourself look extremely foolish.

Dave
 
Dave Rogers said:
No, it isn't. You don't understand your own quote. It says that the absorption of cosmic rays at the surface of an object will be balanced by the emission of black body radiation from that surface when the temperature of the object is about 2.8K. That is not a statement of the temperature of cosmic rays, but of their irradiance.

You don't appear to know anything whatsoever about the black body radiation spectrum or its relationship to temperature, and as a result you're making yourself look extremely foolish.
Click to expand...


Well, if standard cosmology is to be believed, maybe a parallel universe bumped into our universe and created the CMB cold spot?

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/...cosmic-microwave-background-cmb-a7743216.html

Does the Cold Spot and asymmetric hemispheric temps still mean the CMB is a perfect black body?
 
Expanding background radiation comes from a very very very distant objects.

Very much from more distant objects than the most distant observable galaxies.

Expanding background rays in space arose when supermassive objects in the centers of galaxies arose in infinite ever-existing space in their own 3 D "initial explosions."

"In" the space expanding supermassive objects were born far apart from each other, so no hokkus pokkus starting point has existed.

Expanding galaxies emerged from the center outward when the trajectories of two supermassive objects collided, resulting in collisions from these expanding supermassive objects that unleashed much expanding dark matter that gave rise to rapidly expanding stars in space.

Of course, there are also expanding gas clouds of expanding gas consisting of observable expanding matter.

All of the expanding background radiation has interacted with the expanding background radiation they encounter, accelerating each other’s expansion.

Expanding space is naked empire!!!

��
 
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https://physicsworld.com/a/the-enduring-enigma-of-the-cosmic-cold-spot/

"At first glance, the CMB has a nearly perfect black-body spectrum (uniform temperature), and looks isotropic to scales of around 10–5 K. "
Click to expand...

Ok, so to start off with... the CMB is not a perfect black body.

EDIT: Nearly perfect is not perfect.

"But it has also thrown up some perplexing mysteries and anomalies, such as a significant discrepancy of the CMB as observed in the two opposite hemispheres of the sky.

Perhaps the most intriguing mystery concerns a large and unusually cold patch on the CMB, more than a billion light-years across. First observed by NASA’s Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) in 2004, and later confirmed by the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, the so-called “CMB cold spot” is about 70 μK colder than the average CMB temperature, and appears in the southern celestial hemisphere."
Click to expand...


So, if I got this right... I should show how the CMB is a perfect black body... when it's not observed to be a perfect black body?
 
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Mike Helland said:
Well, if standard cosmology is to be believed, maybe a parallel universe bumped into our universe and created the CMB cold spot?
Click to expand...

Changing the subject when you get confused isn't going to make you look any less foolish. Do you actually know what black body radiation is, and how it relates to temperature?

Dave
 
Dave Rogers said:
Changing the subject when you get confused isn't going to make you look any less foolish. Do you actually know what black body radiation is, and how it relates to temperature?
Click to expand...


I don't know much about black body's, but is the CMB an absolutely perfect black body?

Or just close?
 
The supermassive object in the center of the galaxy expands and radiates discrete expanding densities of expanding dark matter that transmit an expanding pushing force away from the center of the expanding galaxy.

When the expanding planet is in the region between the expanding Sun and the expanding supermassive object, the expanding pushing force densities from the expanding Sun collide in the center of the expanding planet with massive and dense separate expanding pushing force densities of the expanding dark matter from the expanding supermassive object.

As they collide with the counterball, the expanding atomic nuclei of the expanding planet are subjected to a more pushing force that pushes away from the center of the expanding galaxy.

Thus, the momentum of the expanding planet accelerates away from the center of the galaxy relative to the expanding Sun.

The expanding planet passes along the curved orbit of the expanding Sun because of the expanding pushing force from the Sun.

As the expanding planet protrudes to the other side of the expanding Sun relative to the center of the galaxy, there are no collisions with the counterpart in the center of the expanding planet.

The protrusion away from the center of the expanding galaxy slows relative to the expanding Sun, and thus the expanding planet descends again in the area between the Sun and the supermassive object in the center of the galaxy.

Is this too much for you?

Too much for you

🤔

Consider expanding Jupiter into the area between the Sun and the supermassive object in the center of the galaxy.

Expanding densities of pushing force collide with the counterball in the center of the expanding Jupiter.

The expanding Jupiter acquires a new expanding substance as the densities of expanding dark matter from a supermassive target in the center of the galaxy expand in the center of Jupiter into a new observable expanding substance that protrudes in a continuous stream toward the surface of the expanding Jupiter.

Explanation of Jupiter's red dot.

When the Sun is in the area between Jupiter and the supermassive object in the center of the galaxy, there are also collisions with the counter-sphere inside the Sun and the Sun also gets itself a new expanding substance that starts to push towards the surface of the expanding Sun.

This explains Sunspots.

The expanding Earth also receives a new expanding gas from its center, which is delayed out of the expanding Earth, causing hurricanes, tornadoes, and other storms.

🤔
 
With expanding energy fields of light, internal pressures of different magnitudes in different regions = explanation for the general redshift of light.

1. Expanding light has a lot of mass, but our devices can't register the expanding waves of the expanding light that are dark to us, which is the expanding thrust that all expanding nuclei of atoms circulate with one another.

2. We can study expanding light with the help of available photons.

3. Expanding photons are a very small part of the expanding light. They are like foam heads of waves of expanding light.

4. The wavy nature of the expanding light is projected by the available photons.

5. In the double gap test, send single photons and see where the waves of expanding light are transporting us.

6. For us, the dark waves of expanding lights interact with each other, accelerating each other's expansion out of space into existing space.

7. The denser the individual expanding densities of the waves of the expanding light, the greater the internal pressure of the expanding energy field formed by the expanding light and the more widely expanding the energy field will diffuse / expand outward into existing space.

8. In a large "empty" space between galaxy clusters, the expanding energy field of the expanding light field is not as large as within the galaxy cluster.

9. Due to lower internal pressure, the rate of expanding light does not accelerate away from its own galaxy cluster as quickly as the rate of expanding light accelerates within the forward galaxy clusters.

10. When the old expanding light finally projects inside or past another expanding galaxy, the new, more energetic and slightly faster expanding light accelerates the old expanding light to its own, thus extending the old expanding light, that is, generally redshifting.

11. The more expansive light that has passed through / past the galaxy cluster, the more elongated or generally redshifted the expanding light.

Expanding light vs. expanding space.

1. Space does not radiate information. You can't try to manipulate space to get information about it. In other words, expanding space is a completely religious concept. Expanding space is emperor naked.

2. Light can be studied scientifically. If and when the lights expand and interact with each other, we can change the trajectory of the expanding light with billions of years of expanding light by conducting a scientific experiment.

Why do cosmologists believe in the existence of expanding space trapped in a hat even though they cannot scientifically prove its existence?!?

Expanding space is a concept similar to the gods of antiquity.

🤔
 
Few logical assumptions about the ever-existing really really large-scale recycling where galaxies are expanding "particles" of a degree larger scale that convey information about objects that are really really far from the expanding galaxies of the visible universe.

And the expanding galaxies of the expanding visible universe originate from one such object that "radiates" an expanding pushing force with which the nature of the expanding galaxies.

Currently, it is the closest target, but the accelerating push away from it takes the expanding push force in the expanding galaxies of the expanding visible universe all the time toward another target of a similar size.

Recycling is everything A and O.

Recycling requires nothing more than what is being recycled, so that is also what is being recycled.

That is, this one and the same physical concretely existing thing is in itself a pushing force.

With the pushing force, the system consisting of this pushing force causes the pace of the pushing force pushing towards itself to slow down and thus it is continuously absorbed into the system consisting of this pushing force. Of course, it is also diverted out of it and recycling is explained.

Recirculation maintains the internal pressure of the system and thus the system of pushing force expands outward in space into already existing space.

1. What everything in the expanding visible universe consists of, disperses / expands in space into a larger and larger area.

2. There is no force that could prevent scattering into a larger and larger area of space. Has not been, is not, will not be.

3. Therefore, everything that is now dispersing in space must sometimes later be pushed into an area where it is the same thing that basically consists of everything and must be very densely compressed there, but still exploding / dispersing / expanding into less dense space all the time.

4. The insertion of such a very dense and massive object, which explodes all the time, results in the protruding inside being once again compressed into an extremely dense pushing force.

5. Prior to that, the pushing force pushing into that area collides with the very dense and massive expanding densities that circumvent the expanding pushing force that it encounters, causing their expansion to accelerate.

The collisions slow down the pace of the pushing force pushing into that area until it stops at the area where extreme pressure compresses it once again into an extremely dense pushing force. As a new high-density raw material which starts to push with the surrounding very dense push force towards the less dense push force region, so that this very dense push force later creates new expanding supermassive objects without pulling forces.

That is, it is essential that these expanding densities that recycle the expanding thrust encounter a very rapid thrust that causes their expansion to accelerate to explosive, creating larger entities from the center of which protrude toward the surface of the new expanding supermassive object. Thus, in such a way that the expanding densities recirculating the expanding pushing force of dark matter meet the expanding densities of dark matter from another expanding supermassive object, they interact with each other, causing each other's expansion to accelerate to an explosive shape and thus new detectable expanding stars.

6. That is, the new expanding supermassive objects collide with each other at a steep angle from their initial journey and thus the new expanding galaxies from the inside out so that the expanding galaxies circulate the expanding pushing force with each other and thus with the expanding visible universe. to a dense and massive object from which the galaxies of the expanding visible universe protrude away and within which the pushing force was once again compressed into an extremely dense pushing force.

That is, so that a very dense, ever-expanding pushing force is constantly pushing away from the center of that object, creating new expanding supermassive objects that collide with each other, and thus new expanding galaxies pushing ahead away from the object from which the expanding pushing force originates.

7. The motion of the expanding visible universe thus accelerates from a certain direction to a certain direction, and the momentum is so rapid that the whole expanding visible universe moves in an instant away from the area to which it had moved a moment ago. Here it is good to understand that the expanding matter of the expanding visible universe was born into a motion that took it already at that stage from a certain direction to a certain direction at a very rapid rate.

Of course, the expanding lights interact with each other, accelerating the expansion of each other, and thus the speeds of the expanding lights accelerate in the same proportion as the substances and lights expand.

8. One can only imagine how the expanding pushing force of the rapidly expanding visible universe will eventually collide with another extremely massive and dense object that is very very far outside the expanding visible universe and that recycles the ever-existing pushing force with other similar objects and even so that in these very massive and the pushing force in dense objects changes completely with time.

10. It is essential, of course, to understand that the thrust of these ever-exploding objects outside the expanding visible universe is the nature of the expanding galaxies.

That is, expanding galaxies are like expanding "particles" that transmit information from / about these Huge Massive and Very Very Density Expanding Objects, so that the pushing force at these all-time exploding objects changes completely with time.

One expanding photon is small, not so density and expanding star is big, density object.

One expanding galaxy is small, not so density and one HMaVVDEO, Huge Massive and Very Very Density Expanding Object is big, very very density object.

🤔
 
Mike Helland said:
I don't know much about black body's,
Click to expand...

Given that you can't even correctly form the plural, I think it might be safer to say you don't know anything about black bodies.

Mike Helland said:
but is the CMB an absolutely perfect black body?

Or just close?
Click to expand...

It approximates to the spectrum of ideal black body radiation more closely than anything else known in nature. One of the many, many things you don't know about black body radiation is that that has nothing to do with its temperature varying with direction.

Dave
 
Mike Helland said:
So the CMB is not a perfect black body?
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As far as I'm aware, the data shows no measurable deviations from a perfect black-body curve greater than the experimental error of the measurement. You could look it up for yourself, of course, and assess it for yourself, rather than asking pointless questions on a subject you're determined not to learn anything about.

Dave
 
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