Global warming

We can argue all day about the CO2 record, and despite the arguments put forth about "re-emitting radiation", the fact remains there is ZERO direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that CO2 drives climate, isn't that the truth? There are no first principles supporting the hypothesis. If there were, we'd all have the author's names and article memorized. All you've really got are climate models and those are "tuned" (forced) by parameterization to match whatever outcome is desired; it is a perpetual process. If it is assumed that positive feedbacks are dominant and climate sensitivity is higher, this is programmed into the models. As Slimething has so eloquently described, climate models cannot be validated. Each time an observation doesn't agree with the models, they must be "tuned" (forced) to match, then it is claimed climate models are reliable......after the fact. Since the climate is infinitely complex, simplifying models (a requirement) does not make them more reliable. We can discuss models in detail if you'd wish.

Hansen testimony to Congress. Ten years later, vindicated, his projection was correct.

http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/hansen_re-crichton.pdf

So you're saying the CO2 hypothesis is a linear function? It in fact is not, but rather logarithmic; the more CO2, the less effect it has. Shall we discuss diminishing return?

No need to, that's already factored into the models ;). The change still produces the feedback effects that are being observed. (No need for models to let us see that).

Have you found the missing CO2 sink? There should be 50% more than is reported. Where is it? They've been looking for it for 20 years. Some say it may be here or there, but where is it really?
:confused:

Renewable energy sources? Which ones are that? Shall we burn our food (I do heat our home with corn)? That seems to be the current craze, but then "bio fuels" actually create more "greenhouse" gases than oil don't they? A few years ago the big fad was hydrogen, where's that at? It would appear nuclear energy is the only logical choice to meet our growing demand for energy, wouldn't you agree?
The bio fuels is a response to the Bush administrations attempts to wean itself off foreign oil, ditto hydrogen. I would ask Bush and friends why these directions are being pursued.

What is the optimum "global" temperature? What timescale in history in your estimation would be a more favorable climate? Is it a bad thing for Greenland to grow potatoes? Is it not good we use less energy to heat our homes as a result of warmer weather?
Wrong question. Where we are is what we are adapted to. The rocks don't care what temperature it is. The eco systems do.

Australia and other similar climates are headed for more droughts, and higher temperatures. A country that has been a major wheat exporter is just about to face serious food problems.

http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/nation-faces-a-barren-future/2007/10/02/1191091074604.html

http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22510443-662,00.html

"THE drought could produce some of the worst food shortages since World War II.

Chairman of Australian Vegetable and Potato Growers Federation Michael Badcock does not
believe rationing will be needed, but he says some products will be difficult to find
if the drought continues.

"It will get tighter and some products may be difficult to buy," he said yesterday.

Federal Agriculture Minister Peter McGauran warned that Australia's food industry might
have to "reprioritise" to meet domestic demand.

He agreed that Australian consumers would experience shortages and would be paying
"significantly higher prices".

"Global shortages and rising world prices are also contributing to price increases," he
said.

"It is difficult to predict the extent of the effects of the drought, but reduced food
availability and higher prices are already emerging and will worsen as the drought
continues."

Mr Badcock said it was not just the drought that was a problem, and that available food
in storage around the world was the least it had been since World War II, a matter of a
few weeks' supply. "
Met O has conceded AGW is currently taking a backseat to "natural variation" (whatever that means), hence the need for their 'new and improved' GCM with promises of global warming "returning with a vengeance" by ~2012. How can this be? Remember, rising CO2 levels equals rising temperatures, but it's not working out right now is it? Solar cycle 24 is what Met O is counting on to resurrect AGW. Should SC24 be weak as many solar watchers predict, and temperatures continue to fall, can we finally put this whole notion of AGW to rest? Alas, you folks will be back here trying to convince us global cooling is caused by global warming as well.
I think you will find your powers of fiction have nothing to do with what the Met is thinking.
 
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That's like saying OJ is innocent because was pronounced not guilty.

And please, stop while you can save face on the statistical comments.

If you'd been following CA since it's inception, you'd know exactly what Steve M is requesting. After 250 posts, Tom Vonk gets it:



Or, you could read Gavin Schmidt's pseudoscience :D
http://www.realclimate.org/index.ph...stratosphere-cool-when-the-troposphere-warms/

LOL...

I post on this forum that RC got the radiation physics wrong and I get attacked.

But even Gavin says he got it wrong. (Of course he's still got it wrong).

Direct from Gavin at Realclimate -
14/Jan/05: This post was updated in the light of my further education in radiation physics.
25/Feb/05: Groan…and again.
 
LOL...

I post on this forum that RC got the radiation physics wrong and I get attacked.

But even Gavin says he got it wrong. (Of course he's still got it wrong).

Direct from Gavin at Realclimate -
14/Jan/05: This post was updated in the light of my further education in radiation physics.
25/Feb/05: Groan…and again.

RC has admitted when it was wrong, and has kept the record of the changes and updates. Deniers seem to ignore that fact that Christy got it wrong for years with his 'high quality' satellite data that proved warming wasn't happening and proved the models were wrong, or that CA has got the source code, and verified the existing temperature records are correct, even allowing for substandard recording stations.

Gavin has an update

http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/11/the-sky-is-falling/

with links to a correct analysis. (not by Gavin, so are they wrong too?)

So your point is what?
 
That's like saying OJ is innocent because was pronounced not guilty.

And please, stop while you can save face on the statistical comments.

If you'd been following CA since it's inception, you'd know exactly what Steve M is requesting. After 250 posts, Tom Vonk gets it:



Or, you could read Gavin Schmidt's pseudoscience :D
http://www.realclimate.org/index.ph...stratosphere-cool-when-the-troposphere-warms/


No, I can't stop.
What if the series of measurements continues?
ie, at what point in the following series can you make a statistically valid statement?

1,000,000 +/- 10%
900,000 +/- 10%
800,000 +/- 10%
700,000 +/- 10%
600,000 +/- 10%
500,000 +/- 10%
400,000 +/- 10%
300,000 +/- 10%
200,000 +/- 10%
100,000 +/- 10%

A blanket statement that because the measurement is +/- 10% and there are only 2 measurements, therefore the measurement is useless, is well useless. I even admitted that based on that set of measurements the ice area could actually be increasing.

And I never said the CO2 effect was linear, logarithmic or any function of any kind. All I have said is increased CO2 causes increased temperature.

I have never said CO2 is the main driver of climate, water vapor is a stronger greenhouse gas but the 2 gases absorb infared light at different frequencies and thus both contribute to the "greenhouse effect" independantly.

Yes to nuclear power, right now it is the best choice but wind and solar offer some use.

Biofuels, you are correct that they add more problems than they solve.

And natural gas? Herd behavior amongst the utility executives is all I can say, other than shoot them, the utility executives that choose natural gas and deregulation over nuclear and clean coal technology. (now that's a misnomer)

Is warmer better?
I guess we will find out, sooner or later.
 
Now your question must be reformulated to be more precise .
What you ask is “Given a variation of radiative properties (emissivity , absorptivity) of a real gaz submitted to a given radiation what would be the variation of its temperature ?”

Can the classical thermodynamics answer this question ?
Clearly no because the considered gaz is neither a black body nor in equilibrium .

As neither Einstein Bose statistics nor consequently the Planck’s law work , you have to construct the absorption/emission law for a specific non black body FLUID case .
However this must necessarily be a quantum mechanical theory as you need to know how a given matter distribution interacts with a given electromagnetical field .
It turns out to be a question of staggering complexity even in the simplest cases where no feedbacks and movements take place .

All the above is correct in terms of explaining why the models do not work. But it does not address why empirical atmospheric tests are not being done.

I'm going to ask the question about the merits of actual atmospheric experiments (Meteor crater, etc) to Motl.
 
By Steve McIntyre in post #28,

I do not want to discuss Gerlich on this site. I am not interested in expositions why the effect is impossible - it isn’t.

The effect is impossible - it isn't

Do you understand, McIntyre says the greenhouse effect isn't impossible.

Of course. We have been discussing the explanations of the greenhouse effect and how they are wrong, in particular, with specific reference to CO2. I do not think that anyone is or has been saying that the air acts somewhat like a blanket to keep heat in.

The central question regarding CO2 is the extent of this effect, is it perhaps 0.1 - 1.0 C for a doubling of CO2, or is it 2.5C for a doubling of CO2. Is it negligible or very important?

And what statistical error did I make? On the arctic ice question? [/quote]

Your answer was numerically wrong. I believe it was plus or minus 190K. That was explained. The general issue here which is important is the difficulty of extracting small signals from noisy data. If the signal is much smaller than the noise, it should be obvious it is no cakewalk.
 
The bio fuels is a response to the Bush administrations attempts to wean itself off foreign oil .../quote]

It's far more primitive than that; it's greenwash on farm subsidies for political reasons.

... ditto hydrogen.

What a joke. Henry Ford's innovation had fittings for spare gas-cans because the infrastructure followed the demand. It cost a lot and took a long time to develop. A hydrogen delivery infrastructure designed, financed (from China?), built (in China?) and installed across the US (by Chinese? Hey, it worked for the railroads :)) just like that ... ain't gonna happen.

Wrong question. Where we are is what we are adapted to.

Playing Devil's Advocate here, but that doesn't really apply to Australia, does it? Not for the majority population and economy. It looks to me like an accident of history waiting to happen.
 
Is warmer better?
I guess we will find out, sooner or later.

It will certainly be different. For those dependent on things being like they are (or recently were), that's not good. For those who already live in an artifical environment - Las Vegas being the epitome - it may not matter much. For people with houses on several continents, it's an opportunity.
 
Of course. We have been discussing the explanations of the greenhouse effect and how they are wrong, in particular, with specific reference to CO2. I do not think that anyone is or has been saying that the air acts somewhat like a blanket to keep heat in.

The central question regarding CO2 is the extent of this effect, is it perhaps 0.1 - 1.0 C for a doubling of CO2, or is it 2.5C for a doubling of CO2. Is it negligible or very important?

And what statistical error did I make? On the arctic ice question?

Your answer was numerically wrong. I believe it was plus or minus 190K. That was explained. The general issue here which is important is the difficulty of extracting small signals from noisy data. If the signal is much smaller than the noise, it should be obvious it is no cakewalk.[/QUOTE]

According to this wikepedia source, I got the correct answer 100K +/- 190K.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_error

the problem is not the signal to noise ratio, rather it is the treatment of the data that introduces the errors.

And excuse me for being wrong, I though you were arguing that there was no greenhouse effect due to CO2.

And as for Gore, I have been concerned about the greenhouse effect due to CO2 since before Al invented the internet.
 


By the way, I'm still waiting for some references from you regarding sub acquired or other historical sea temperature data that you have said refutes the well known and understood 60-80 year climate cycles.



I can give you some sub acquired historical arctic sea temperature data.

In November of 1983, north of Franz Joseph land in the arctic ocean under the ice the seawater temperature was 28 degrees F, day in day out.

The data is of course classified.

and this

http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2007/seaice.shtml

shows no evidence of any 60-80 year cycle for arctic ice extent.​
 
Your answer was numerically wrong. I believe it was plus or minus 190K. That was explained. The general issue here which is important is the difficulty of extracting small signals from noisy data. If the signal is much smaller than the noise, it should be obvious it is no cakewalk.
According to this wikepedia source, I got the correct answer 100K +/- 190K.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_error

the problem is not the signal to noise ratio, rather it is the treatment of the data that introduces the errors.
Allright, I'll bite
ice decreased by 100,000 +/- 190,000
which means it could have increased
thanks for the excercise
But no to your answer, because they are two separate observations.
2005 - Ice was somewhere between 900 and 1100.
2006 - Ice was somewhere between 810 and 990

Ice could have increased by 90k or decreased by 290k. Or anywhere in between...​
My bad - I misread your response as 1 million plus or minus 190,000. We have the same answer.

Your wikipedia reference didn't impress me but one of the links there had a very nice summary of problems of uncertainty in science. Anyone who read that a couple of times and thoroughly understood it could grasp a lot of the issues that McIntyre works on at www.climateaudit.org.

You asked earlier -
What if the series of measurements continues?
ie, at what point in the following series can you make a statistically valid statement?

1,000,000 +/- 10%
900,000 +/- 10%
800,000 +/- 10%
700,000 +/- 10%
600,000 +/- 10%
500,000 +/- 10%
400,000 +/- 10%
300,000 +/- 10%
200,000 +/- 10%
100,000 +/- 10%

A blanket statement that because the measurement is +/- 10% and there are only 2 measurements, therefore the measurement is useless, is well useless. I even admitted that based on that set of measurements the ice area could actually be increasing.
The easiest way to answer this would be to make a simple x y plot where instead of one x value, each x value is a little vertical line. The top of the line is the max extent of the value, the bottom is the lowest possible value. (we are NOT using probability distributions here, just a simple plus and minus 10%, and we are presuming each observation is a completely independent observation done in similar fashion and with similar instruments). In the real world, all measured numbers are probability distributions....

The two obvious conclusions from your series are that (1) the error bounds are decreasing each year (2) ice is going to zero or may already have.

Beware of graphs in climate science that do not have error bounds....
 
I can give you some sub acquired historical arctic sea temperature data.

In November of 1983, north of Franz Joseph land in the arctic ocean under the ice the seawater temperature was 28 degrees F, day in day out.

The data is of course classified.

and this

http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2007/seaice.shtml

shows no evidence of any 60-80 year cycle for arctic ice extent.

No evidence, because it is an article about forward projections of models??? But this is a very uncomplicated issue of history, right?

Two references we have discussed here before on the subject (of course there are others) are these -

Climate Change and long-term fluctuations of commercial catches: The possibility of forecasting. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper #410
Polar history shows melting ice-cap may be a natural cycle

You commented -
And I never said the CO2 effect was linear, logarithmic or any function of any kind. All I have said is increased CO2 causes increased temperature.

I have never said CO2 is the main driver of climate, water vapor is a stronger greenhouse gas but the 2 gases absorb infared light at different frequencies and thus both contribute to the "greenhouse effect" independantly.
It should of course be possible to quantify the general phrase "increased CO2 causes increased temperature."

AGW Believers always want to side track any conversation that gets numerical like this. Their scripted responses from the Believers have a lot of grammer, but very little if ever - actual numbers. They seem to really want to avoid numbers.

Want to look at the heat capacity of CO2 in the atmosphere? That would be figuring how hot the CO2 fraction of the atmosphere must get to result in a certain change in ground temperature - say a 1C increase. It would seem this is relevant to the general assertion "increased CO2 causes increased temperature".
 
I can give you some sub acquired historical arctic sea temperature data.

In November of 1983, north of Franz Joseph land in the arctic ocean under the ice the seawater temperature was 28 degrees F, day in day out.

The data is of course classified.

and this

http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2007/seaice.shtml

shows no evidence of any 60-80 year cycle for arctic ice extent.

Since the climate models have been invalidated accordingly, does it also suggest IPCC AR4 Chapter 3 is erroneous and all current and preceding studies of Ocean Multi-Decadal Changes and Temperatures are as well? It is curious volcanoes are not mentioned in the news release.






Where does CO2 fit in with all this?
 
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No evidence, because it is an article about forward projections of models??? But this is a very uncomplicated issue of history, right?

Alright, we're cool on statistics.

I was pointing to the red ribbon part of the graph in the article quoted, which is the historical record of the extent of the sea ice. It is 50 years long and has a period of at least 80 years easily.

thats the evidence

i annot find any evidence of the 60-80 year sea ice cycles that are in magnitude comparable to today. The cycles may be there but the present magnitude is unprecedented.
 
Alright, we're cool on statistics.

I was pointing to the red ribbon part of the graph in the article quoted, which is the historical record of the extent of the sea ice. It is 50 years long and has a period of at least 80 years easily.

thats the evidence

i annot find any evidence of the 60-80 year sea ice cycles that are in magnitude comparable to today. The cycles may be there but the present magnitude is unprecedented.

It's unprecedented in that it's only been monitored since 1972 and 1979 with satellite.
 
In post #1539 I said :
...
The energy has to go out as radiation, surely? Not necessarily in a blackbody spectrum, of course. As I understand it, "blackbody" refers to solids, not gases.
[... and then ....]
I don't agree that climate is a very complex system to model. Weather is far more complex, as is ice-dynamics (a real bitch from what I've heard).

OK - then let's see the exposition of your simple climate calculation rather than all your verbiage. My point remains that there is absolutely nothing simple about it, and the radiation model. {no blackbody is not a gas vs solid matter}.

On the issue of many theories that fit the data ....
One can, but most are likely to be unskilful in prediction. The thing about, say, Hansen's 1988 model is that it not only fits observations up to that time but also observations made subsequently. Which is quite robust support, to my mind.

Nonsense - all models that fit the data are equally 'skillful' (what a nonsense concept). Just because one was proposes prior to the presentation of the most recent data has no bearing on the validity of it's assumptions beyond the fact that it has not been eliminated as invalid/incorrect. This problem is very similar to 'models' that attempt to predict fluctuations in the stock market based on various factors. Success of a short period is not supportive of the model in preference to new models which also match the same data.


I find enjoyment in science for its own sake. There's no practicable solution to what cosmology tells us, but it's still way cool.

Same here - but this issue is primarily political, not scientific, as the great vehemence on this forum and elsewhere indicate. Good choice of analogy, as cosmologists and climatologists are almost equally incapable of creating any useful experiment, so the validation of these sciences are equally weak and feeble.

The thing that most concerns me is the assault on science per se, of which climate-change denialism is one example.

Here we agree. There is a good bit of know-nothing-ism in climate change denial, but I don't see a lot of denial on this forum or the others I read. The question of the cause of the admitted change is instead the primary topic. The AGW side is IMO overly dismissive of the opponents arguments, and overly confident in their weak underpinnings of their conclusions. This does not mean they are ultimately wrong.

The other offense by some on the AGW side is the claim that 'the debate is over'. That is the most anti-science, anti-reason argument that has been made in my lifetime of a topic of fact. If we adhered to that logic then we would also should throw out the einstein-lorentz eqn since clearly newtonian mechanics and 2 centuries of experimental observation ended that debate.


Relatively uncontested? Heliocentrism is relatively uncontested.

CO2-load is not difficult to measure {...}

Actually it is quite difficult to get a good survey of the entire atmosphere and your dismisal stating it was possible to get a good single point reading in a near sea level lab in Western Europe on the late 1800s is not a valid argument that atmospheric CO2 was well known at that time.

My point was that not everyone agrees on the precise level of anthropomorphic CO2 in the atmosphere. I've read recent articles suggesting the current measurements overstate the the anthropomorphic CO2 component by ~25%. I do not necessarily agree with those articles, but there is a question as to the precise figure.

Yes - it is contested in the detail, and no your comparison to heliocentrism is a ridiculous strawman. Please stop obfuscating.


It surely can't be reasonably contested that we've jacked-up atmospheric CO2-load by about a third.

Yes. My point remains that despite niggling about the precise amount it is almost universally admitted that humans have significantly increase atmospheric CO2 levels. The CO2 increase should, due to many separate reasons, have an impact on the biosphere beyond climate, and that we should have some agreement that reducing atmospheric CO2 is a good idea, despite disagreement about the extent of climatic impact.


When it's not their own kids that are cold and hungry most people won't sacrifice anything significant for them. When a Louisiana politico loses one of his homes to a hurricane it's not exactly a rocket up his fundament. And it's the politicians that have the power to make a difference. Which they won't exercise.

You subscribe to a theory of government entirely different from mine. 'Leaders' IMO only can lead within limits based on the extent that the 'followers' agree to follow. Having an informed public debate on CO2, ozone climate and other issues is ideally a prerequisite to a political solution. We are instead having an uninformed debate in which authorities dictate the solution and announce that all discussion is over before the facts have been presented and discussed. As you may recall 'argument from authority' is an invalid form of argument, but it is what most of the sheeple accept these days on any technical topic.

My argument goes farther. Will China idle the massive coal power infrastructure and thus destroy the economy they are rapidly creating ? Will those who mine coal cease because they know it is harmful. No - I don't see that happening now or ever. Perhaps (and I doubt it) your children in N.America and Western Europe won't go to bed cold if we invest in enough nuclear power fast enough, but someone else will still be burning the same fossil fuels, polluting the one atmosphere and perhaps changing the one planetary climate. I don't think a substantial fossil fuel reduction program is enforcable no matter how many politicians agree.

Let's face it, we could - in global terms - lose the whole of Sub-Saharan Africa without even noticing the bump.

Right, but population decrease was not the problem (more of a solution actually). What if, for example the Chinese set up coal fired plants and coal mines in SS.Africa (I've no idea what their coal reserves are like) and that this somehow befitted the local population. The population would be drawn to using these despite envronmental damage and the impact would be planetary. What force of politics would stop this sort of event ? None that I can imagine.
 
Since the climate models have been invalidated accordingly, does it also suggest IPCC AR4 Chapter 3 is erroneous and all current and preceding studies of Ocean Multi-Decadal Changes and Temperatures are as well? It is curious volcanoes are not mentioned in the news release.


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Where does CO2 fit in with all this?
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I'll admit that I cannot answer your question.
And that the annual atlantic multidecadal oscillation does show periodicity in the 60-80 year range.

But for the models, it is not an all or nothing question. Admittedly they do not do well on modeling the atlantic and pacific decadal and multidecadal ocillations.
 
I'll admit that I cannot answer your question.
And that the annual atlantic multidecadal oscillation does show periodicity in the 60-80 year range.

But for the models, it is not an all or nothing question. Admittedly they do not do well on modeling the atlantic and pacific decadal and multidecadal ocillations.

What parameters need adjusting or added to force the models to agree with the observations? Less cloud cover? Higher solar influence? Lower aerosol? Ocean current fluctuation? That is the conundrum isn't it?

Climate models are continuously parameterized to match observations after the fact, but does it make them more reliable?
 

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