Regulation 12(5)(c) Intellectual property rights
An authority may refuse a request for information protected by intellectual property rights. “Intellectual property rights” are rights granted to creators and owners of works that are the result of human intellectual creativity. These works could be in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic domain. Intellectual property rights include copyrights, patents, trademarks and protected designs. They may be in the form of, for example, an invention, a manuscript, a suite of software, or a business name. Intellectual property rights have more protection under the EIR than under the FOIA.
The exception protects the rights of the authority as well as third parties. An authority must be able to demonstrate that there is a real risk that disclosure would undermine the intellectual property rights.