What I usually tell people is that there probably isn't any real duality. Photons always behave in one way: Like photons.
This behavior can only be measured in two ways: as either a particle or a wave, depending on the nature of the experiment.
The "duality" is really just a consequence of our limited ways in which we can examine these things.
so let's open it up
i am not going to do the talking as i will let people who listen do it.
Although Young’s
double-slit interference experiment has played a pivotal role in the development
of optics and quantum physics, the analyses so far have been performed almost exclusively
in scalar description. Yet electromagnetic interference and coherence phenomena differ
in many fundamental and unexpected ways from the familiar scalar counterparts……
…… although
the coherence studies of electromagnetic fields often deal with paraxial fields or wide-angle far fields, the emergence of nano photonics has given an impetus to comprehensive investigation of general
three-dimensional, nonparaxial electromagnetic fields. In particular, it has recently been demonstrated that optical near fields may exhibit remarkable coherence phenomena, which are especially pronounced
when resonant surface waves, e.g., surface plasmons or phonons, are excited
5. Conclusions
We have analyzed the coherence properties of nonuniformly polarized electromagnetic fields. We showed that the customary definition for the degree of coherence for the electromagnetic fields does not predict the coherence properties accurately and may, in fact, lead to severe misinterpretations of spatial coherence. This phenomenon arises from the fact that a quantity derived straightforwardly from the degree of coherence for scalar fields is connected to the visibility of the interference fringes similarly to the scalar case. In the electromagnetic case the visibility is affected, not only by the coherence properties of the field, but by the polarization properties of the field as well. Therefore
the correlations between the electric-field components can not be neglected in the analysis of nonuniformly polarized partially coherent fields.
In our new definition for the degree of coherence, all the elements of the electric coherence matrix describing the correlations between the Cartesian components of the field are taken into account. Hence the degree of coherence remains invariant if the field is, for example, rotated
by using a suitable anisotropic element. On the other hand, our quantity remains invariant in the rotation of the coordinate axes, as well as in various transformations between the coordinate systems which should be particularly useful when examining the far-field coherence of electromagnetic sources.
In this article we have considered the correlations of the electric field only. However, one may equivalently define a quantity describing the correlations of the magnetic field. On the other hand, Eq. (6) may readily be extended to take into account also
the correlations that exist
between the electric and magnetic field components.
Degree of coherence for electromagnetic fields
Jani Tervo
Department of Physics, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
[email protected]
Tero Set¨al¨a
Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O.
Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
Ari T. Friberg
Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology, Royal Institute of Technology,
SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden
who can tell them there are no fields to light (em)?
can anyone tell them, that the electromagnetic properties of em are a sham? Ie…I don’t think English is their first language as to read the pub you will find math is where they apparently prefer to show their evidence.
who can tell them the double slit is perfect and no fields exist?
who will be the one on this forum who will tell them what idiots they are?
http://www.arpast.org/research/articles/article87.pdf
be careful that pub has the work of contributors in it; by choice they maintain their integrity over beliefs and adherence to further knowledge.
