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Excersise vs Genetics

I agree about the stereotype, and will hypocritically add one of my own: P&T are somewhat true-to-form for what I call "old school skeptics". Science people, model rocket builders, math prodigies, that sort of group. They spent their adolescence practicing magic tricks, for Pete's sake. I expect they got shoehorned into lockers by the jocks. (It's hard to imagine Penn fitting into a locker, though)

Shermer's more from the 'new generation'. A competitive cyclist, and somewhat more PR savvy, avoiding overt entanglement with Humanism.

I like to think of myself in this latter group, and I think the movement may change as the old guard passes the torch.

One thing that's unfortunate about this is that there is real need within athletics/health/fitness/sport to combat quackery. It's pervasive. Just pick up a Men's Health and leaf through the ads at the back. Sweet Mary. It is not just customers that buy into this crap; the majority of personal trainers are shills, sincere as they may be.

The certifying boards are aware of it, and fortunately, they haven't been suborned yet. But it's an uphill climb. For example, my recert for a dietetics component had several questions about hydration, and what is an appropriate volume for workouts of a particular intensity and duration. I could detect that they were trying to dispel the myth that people should be drinking many liters of water per hour, as it's very unhealthy. Nevertheless, I overhear other trainers tell their clients to go home and drink literally a gallon of water. This is irresponsible.

Coaches and trainers function on that fuzzy borderline where they are exposed to only trivial physiology information, yet are sought after for medical advice. It also attracts an element. eg: yoga instructors. I'm not saying there's anything wrong with yoga (I often recommend it as an excellent low-impact workout), but most instructors I know exceed their scope of expertise and tell people how to deal with depression or even serious illnesses. This is inappropriate, and should be grounds for decertification.

By ignoring the distinction between the mostly-scientific profession of fitness versus the mixed-bag business of fitness, versus the do-it-yourselfers, P&T are missing an opportunity to support the effort skeptics are putting into this environment.




A note for HCN: swimming is a little different than some other sports in that you can also achieve speed gains by improving stroke&turn skills. Seasonal planning for swim teams usually invests two or three months in low-distance, slower, workouts that concentrate on drills, and then start upping the distance and dropping the interval times. Ask your friend to watch your stroke and suggest drills. Ask for an intro to flip-turns if you're not doing them yet. Do some kick sets to strengthen your legs. Your quads are the largest muscle group: build and use them to get more propulsion.

El Greco was talking about the lactose threshold - the way to achieve this in swimming is with interval sets that have fixed rests. ie: 10x100m with 15s rest between, rather than continuous swimming (unless you're training for ironman).

I find that my triathletes learn the hard way that swimming is much more skill-dependent than running and cycling. They start out scoffing at the drills (they want CARDIO!) but after a few months, all the non-athletes are swimming circles around them and they see the benefits. I can identify better runners by looking at them. I can only tell if somebody's a fast swimmer when they get in the water. Somtimes it's humiliating for me: I was smoked last weekend by a guy who's probably 100lbs overweight and 20 years out of competitive swimming, but he still does a :58 100 back.

One of the nicknacks I bought myself last year was a Shuffle, which is tiny, and there's a company called Otterbox that makes a waterproof enclosure. I spent a whole afternoon in a lake listening to Skepticality podcasts.

PS: I used to work at the CGP. Big pool. Strange bulkheads. Also: one of my favourite swim meets when I was a kid was in Anacortes.
 
Coaches and trainers function on that fuzzy borderline where they are exposed to only trivial physiology information, yet are sought after for medical advice.

Very true, and also the opposite: Medical doctors who have never been exposed to exercise physiology or endocrinology, biomechanics, sports nutrition, training or anything else exercise-related (they haven't even studied basic nutrition), are sought after for exercise prescription and nutrition guidelines. And most of them, to be on the safe side, suggest only relaxed walks in the park as an appropriate exercise for everyone, without even referring to special doctors who are the only ones who can determine someone's ability to exercise at certain intensities.
 
Right, but how much of them have you done? You can't just do it for a month and stop because you can't see any results. And believe me, plenty of people in the gym have no idea what they are doing and could get as much out of half an hour a week as the hours I see them exercising incorrectly.

Thank you everyone for assuming I don't have a walrusing clue about fitness.

I lifted weights to the point of exhausting the muscle. I increased the workload. I ate properly. I had, and still have, a flat butt. End of story.
 
...A note for HCN: swimming is a little different than some other sports in that you can also achieve speed gains by improving stroke&turn skills. Seasonal planning for swim teams usually invests two or three months in low-distance, slower, workouts that concentrate on drills, and then start upping the distance and dropping the interval times. Ask your friend to watch your stroke and suggest drills. Ask for an intro to flip-turns if you're not doing them yet. Do some kick sets to strengthen your legs. Your quads are the largest muscle group: build and use them to get more propulsion.....

Actually I switch strokes every 5 laps (250 yards), and use the kickboard for 10 laps (half flutter, half scissor). I found out last year if I did not vary the position I swim, and if I use the kickboard for more than 6 laps that I will put my back out (I can feel the lower back muscle start to tense up, despite stretches). I used to be able to do flip-turns, but I found that in a crowded pool I have to look behind me to see if I am about to lapped... or to look ahead in the lane to see when there will be a good opening to pass a slower swimmer (minor annoyance time: it is the slower swimmers who take up most of the lane by swimming or the black line, with a wide breast stroke or doing a crawl stroke with what looks like a side-kick who will not wait for a faster swimmer to pass at the end of the lane... I once swam under one of those people when she rushed to push ahead of me when I caught up to her at the end of the lane. I found I did accomplish my laps faster when I went to another pool with more lanes, so my lapmates and I are better matched for speed which is "medium slow"... but that is twice as far away as the pool I go to is.)

My friend would be glad to show me drills and skills... as long as I join her Master's Swim club, pay the fee and drive up to the pool north of the city limits by 5am. When I meet up with her at the lunch time swim she is usually between her second job and picking up a child at school as she tries to get her workout in (she only gets to watch the swimmers in the morning).

I will probably work on private instruction when the private pool I belong to opens up. But maybe not... I am working on endurance, strength and reducing cholestoral.

I can only tell if somebody's a fast swimmer when they get in the water. Somtimes it's humiliating for me: I was smoked last weekend by a guy who's probably 100lbs overweight and 20 years out of competitive swimming, but he still does a :58 100 back.

That is so true. Some of the folks in the fast lane are larger, but definitely more skilled. It is wonderful watching them. Just like Shelley Winters said in "Poseiden Adventure" (I saw this in her obituary last week): "In the water I am a skinny lady".

I like observing the various swimmers at the lunch time lap swim. One of the regular swimmers was a competitive swimmer in the 1930's! He comes in everyday, does his 15 laps, gets out and he is good to go (his only physical deficit is that he is hard of hearing). Some very lovely older ladies who are retired, including a couple who come with their husbands as part of their daily routine (one lady swims in the private pool, where her son and grandchildren also come and swims... she outswims her son). These people are all very interesting... from writers, to artists, former engineers, medical professionals and other things (a couple still own and operate nearby businesses). Along with it being a social time in the locker room (or end of the lane)... it shows that the exercising also helps keep folks mentally sharp. (another note: I have told my husband that the place that we retire to will need two things minimum; a swimming pool and a library).
 
Anyway, the bottom line is that only a small percentage of people exercise. Only a small percentage of those exercising use adequate intensity. And only a small percentage of those exercising with adequate intensity also follow a nutrition plan appropriate for their goals. Of those who exercise and diet correctly and don't have severe inherent problems, I'd say that more than 90% attain a body very close to what they want. It's true that they will never have the body of Ronnie Coleman, but it also extremely improbable that they will ever want to have Ronnie's body.

Out of the fraction of 1% of people who actually train well enough,They could have a professional bodybuilders physique if they were to actually dedicate enough time and effort to lifting enough weights to build such a body and taking the correct drugs to aid their mass gaining.


To put it even more simply, I believe that most people would be pretty happy with their body if they just achieved bodyfat levels below 10% for men and below 16-17% for women. And this is something that almost everybody can achieve if they would just put the f****** fork down. It's true that it is much easier for some, but it is attainable for almot everyone.


Loosing bodyfat isn't the only way to get the ideal physique for men atleast.
If you're overweight and have something like 20% bodyfat,Going down to 10% still won't give you your ideal physique if your ideal physique is to have atleast a good amount of muscle.
 
Thank you everyone for assuming I don't have a walrusing clue about fitness.

I lifted weights to the point of exhausting the muscle. I increased the workload. I ate properly. I had, and still have, a flat butt. End of story.


Different people have different genetics. Some people's muscles are shaped differently than others. Having flat glutes isn't uncommon. It's genetics.
 
You can't lose weight with a pill.

Actually I believe speed-like drugs, including Ritalin, will cause you to lose weight.

And one wonders why there couldn't be a pill that caused your bloodstream to swarm with chemicals that tricked your fat cells into releasing fat instead of storing it. Just do artificially what happens naturally.
 
There is a drug that blocks fat absorption. GlaxoSmithKline is currently trying to get FDA approval to sell it as an OTC.

http://msnbc.msn.com/id/10949805/

Two Food and Drug Administration advisory committees are to discuss on Monday allowing over-the-counter sales of orlistat, which GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare proposes to market as Alli (pronounced “ally”). That version would be half the dose of the prescription form of the drug, known as Xenical, which won FDA approval in 1999.

...

The regulatory agency also is concerned about increased potential for abuse or misuse of the prescription-free version of the drug, especially among bulimics or binge-eaters who could develop vitamin deficiencies due to chronic use of the drug. There are at least four published reports of women suffering from bulimia using the prescription form of the drug as a purgative. An estimated 22 million people worldwide have used the drug.

“We believe there is a very low potential for misuse and abuse. But we need to be vigilant,” Burton said.

The unpleasantness of the drug’s side effects, including “involuntary leakage” of undigested fat, should limit its abuse, said Dr. Howard Eisenson, director of the Duke Diet and Fitness Center in Durham, N.C.
 
And one wonders why there couldn't be a pill that caused your bloodstream to swarm with chemicals that tricked your fat cells into releasing fat instead of storing it.


And just where will this excess fat go? I don't think your kidneys pass fat, so not out via that channel. Perhaps if your body used tha fat to make more bile, it would go out via the digestive tract, but you body is set up to absorb all that. So maybe something to prevent the absorption of fat within the digestive tract? NEWS FLASH, it's been done, see the above post about Xenical. Not to mention that excess fats in the blood have a name, Hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for the heart disease that your whole plan is supposed to prevent....

No, I think a better way would be an appetite suppresser. Or an endorphin suppresser? So you don't get happy from eating? Or how about something that raises endorphins so high you don't need food for the endorphin boost? ( I think Cocaine does that well, do you think my doctor will write me prescription?)
 
There are drugs bodybuilders use to loose bodyfat before a competition including "Clenbuterol". Which apparantly work great.
 
It was mostly about the whole weight-loss/body-building industry and the claims they make that simply by taking pill X or using excercise device Y you can have the body you've always dreamed of.

Penn & Teller's claim was that your body shape is largely genetic and, even though there are some things you can do to make it better, most people will never be able to look like the people in the ads (without drastic cosmetic surgery, anyway).

End result: if you want to lose weight, eat a little less and excercise a little more (and keep doing it). If you want to look like a body builder, if it isn't in your genes, it isn't happening.

I think , it can be both. I don't take any pill at all , however I lift heavy weights and I eat a kg of meat everyday. My stable weight is at 110 kg and I am 1.86 meters. I also eat a lot of KFC , McDonald , Burger King and not gain any weight at all. I drink about 2 doz of beers a week. If you think you have the gene and the motive to exercise then the best way I found out is lift as much as you can, eat as much as you can, drink as much as you can and be happy. You don't gain any extra weight and still have a flat tummy.
 
Thank you everyone for assuming I don't have a walrusing clue about fitness.

I lifted weights to the point of exhausting the muscle. I increased the workload. I ate properly. I had, and still have, a flat butt. End of story.

This butt is not all muscle.
http://www.bellalopez.com/images/booty/ip206.jpg

Some women carry fat on their butts and some don't. I agree that is is possible to make your glutes bigger with weight training. However, no amount of squats are going to give you an ass like Jennifer Lopez. It's the right mix of fat and muscle. That's genetics. I've seen roided out female body builders with flat butts. (No, I don't have a link. I'm trying to forget...)

Lisa, I'd guess based on what you have said that you have more body fat on your belly than your thighs and butt. My wife's family is exaclty the opposite. Neary all the women carry fat in their butt and thighs. I don't think there is anything that can be done to change that. Anyway, a flat butt beats a fat butt, unless you're Sir Mix Alot.
 
Lisa, I'd guess based on what you have said that you have more body fat on your belly than your thighs and butt. My wife's family is exaclty the opposite. Neary all the women carry fat in their butt and thighs. I don't think there is anything that can be done to change that. Anyway, a flat butt beats a fat butt, unless you're Sir Mix Alot.

That is exactly the way I am. Skinny legs, no arse, but I have a spare tire (which I am working to get rid of). Abdominal fat is worse for one's health than is butt/thigh fat.

I'm afraid my badonkadonk will always be a badonkadink.
 
I thought the P&T episode was good. One of the really key points is that the people selling exercise ware usually don't follow their own program. They do serious free weights and so on, not rinkydink trampoline workouts.

But looking at this thread...the big mistake that people make in the arena of fitness is to think, "It worked for me, so surely it works for everyone." We all have different challenges. Try to give people some credit.
I'm a good counterexample to the "it's so easy" school of thought. People seem to think that for someone my size it should be easy to drop fat right away, because they assume I have horrible habits, and changing them will show immediate results. Plus, I should burn lots of calories just carrying my bulk around, right? But I have hypothyroidism, PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), and exertive asthma. These are not excuses. None of these are "subclinical" and certainly not somatization; they were each clinically diagnosed years ago (asthma age 15, PCOS age 19, hypothyroid age 26).
I don't sit around whining, mind you, I've always been active. I do sprint triathlon and weightlifting (when I'm not pregnant like now). But I'm far from slender and I don't think it's never going to be easy for me to manage my weight. Even my doctors say so (triathlon is one good way to convince your doctors that you're motivated).
Most recently, I was finding that if my meds are sufficient and if I keep my calories averaging around 1500 and very high in protein (also cycling carbs, targeted around the lifting), lift heavy at least three times a week plus do cardio (many of my lifting-chick buddies de-emphasize cardio, but due to my asthma, I think it's important for me to do a certain amount), then after six weeks I start slowly losing some bodyfat. It's not easy to stick to that regime (plus go out and make a living, and so on) when you see so little result, but that is what it takes. I build muscle fairly well, which is a positive result that I find rewarding; on the other hand, it's not like you can see it under all my body fat.
Mind you, if my meds aren't optimized and my thyroid is sliding out, I won't get much of any result. And if I really have a hypothyroid episode, which happens once in a while, my whole fitness level heads for zero no matter how hard I'm trying, everything gets harder and harder, and it's unbelievably frustrating. It takes several weeks to get back to euthyroid and I lose ground that whole time, and get out of breath just going up a few stairs. So, I get to climb this same mountain, over and over (and I haven't got any clue what to expect postpartum, let me tell you).

My point isn't Pity Poor Ysabella or anything like that, and I'm always happy to take some workout tips from people. My point is, if you make assumptions about what a lazy-a$$ I am and how easy it would be for me to drop fat if I would just put down the fork, you're going to be wrong. It's not exactly genetics in that it's not a body type issue, but I think it kind of applies here.
 
But looking at this thread...the big mistake that people make in the arena of fitness is to think, "It worked for me, so surely it works for everyone." We all have different challenges. Try to give people some credit.

I'm not at all in the camp of "it worked for me, so surely it works for everyone". I have been studying exercise for about 7 years, not including my background in pharmacy. And I've been exercising as well all this time, failing and starting again and experimenting and fighting my own "genetics".

Are there genetics people can't overcome ? Of course there are. Are all those people who think they've done everything correctly yet they failed, the victim of their genetics ? You bet not. If I only had one euro for every person who could do much, much more, but somehow they think it's their genetics. I'm not just talking about exercise here, but general health as well. Running a pharmacy brings me in daily contact with a lot of people who fail to regulate their diets in order to help their diabetes, their blood pressure, or their cholesterol levels. If the doctor tells them to avoid bread, they'll be eating rye bread. If the doctor says no bread at all, they'll be eating rusks. If he forbids rusks as well, they'll turn to crackers, to biscuits or cookies. If he tells them "no starch" they don't understand. If, finally, the doctor makes a long list of every single thing they should avoid, then they will stare at him with a blank face, saying "oh, but that's impossible". Same with weight loss, I'm sick and tired of people who eat "nothing", yet they keep packing weight, thus violating the first law of thermodynamics. Of course, "nothing" is a very relevant term, as I've found out more than a few times. They don't count the drinks. They don't count the fruits. They don't count the salads. They don't count what they eat out of home. They don't count what they eat at weekends. People continue to amaze me with the endless excuses they keep devising to fool themseves.

The same with exercise. I've undertaken the training and nutrition regime of several people through the years, at first because I thought it would be exciting, most recently because they've been tenaciously asking me to. In most cases the results were disappointing. Or, let me be more honest: In ALL but one cases the results were disappointing. My only case of success was a former girlfriend who already was a nutritionist working on her doctorate, so I didn't have to explain much about sports nutrition. Perhaps I suck as a motivator, I don't know. Heck, I can't even convince my mother to lose weight (at least I've taught her to avoid excuses for being overweight, and she had a lot of them). When I first undertook the task of designing a training and nutrition program for another person, I invested a lot of time in it. I even arranged that her bodyfat was measured by DEXA (for free), and I used a special device to find as accurately as possible her resting metabolism. I made meal plans with great variety according to her tastes and taught her how to calculate portions. I gave her a digital scale as a gift! I designed a training program suited to her needs and tailored to the limited equipment of her gym. I was calling her to ask how is it going. I even gave her motivational videos. Finally, after 3 weeks or so, I realized that I was expending much more energy than her in pursuing her fitness. While I was meticulously counting the calories in her meals, she was having free treats whenever she felt she should. While I was planning down to the pound the weights she would use, she would skip trainings and do exercises as she pleased.

I've had such experiences more times after this one. Slowly, I realized that helping other people with their exercise and health goals wasn't my thing; I was investing too much in it and was getting very disappointed when they failed my expectations. Mind you, my expectations were not about results. They were about sticking to a damn program for more than a couple of weeks, if that much.

Then, there is also the "I know" attitude. People know. They've tried this, they've tried that, they've tried everything. Just stop an arbitrary person on the street and ask "hey, what do you think about exercise ?" or "hey, what do you think about weight loss" ? They know. They've been there. You know what they say about opinions, this must be true 10x when it comes to exercise and nutrition. I see it at the gym every day: people whose training is a joke, actually think they're training hard. Oh, and they also have a sound nutrition, yet somehow they don't see results. Just don't ask them what their "sound nutrition" consists of. Do they take recommended quantities of vitamins and minerals ? Do they take adequate protein ? Do they take 20-30gr of fiber every day ? Do they take 1gr of EPA/DHA ? Well, they don't, but they still think their nutrition is "sound" and I'm some kind of freak.

Ok, suit yourself. There comes a time when all you can say is "suit yourself". Since I know more than most people on the subject, I'd expect a few more questions, a few more requests for guidelines. Instead, all I see is "I know" and "I've tried everything". Not only that, but people who have never been closer than a few kilometers to any exercise textbook, actually want to teach me. Ok, suit yourself. I shouldn't have talked in the first place. Mea culpa.

This rant was not directed towards you, Lisa; you may indeed be a victim of bad genetics. It is just a loooong explanation of why I usually drop out of such discussions after a while, when it becomes evident that everyone has his opinion and will stick to it no matter what, and when it becomes more important for people to prove me wrong than learn a damn thing. I've seen all this to a much greater degree in HST, Intense-training, Cuttingedgemuscle, Bodyrecomposition and a few other fora. And I've had more than a few experiences in real life as well, so that now all I can say is "suit yourself", "to each his own", "alea jacta est" and "non omnia possumus omnes". :D

Peace :)
 
Most recently, I was finding that if my meds are sufficient and if I keep my calories averaging around 1500 and very high in protein (also cycling carbs, targeted around the lifting), lift heavy at least three times a week plus do cardio (many of my lifting-chick buddies de-emphasize cardio, but due to my asthma, I think it's important for me to do a certain amount), then after six weeks I start slowly losing some bodyfat.

Not to start any arguments or give any advice, but this may give some idea about how I feel:

I'm male, expend about 500 kcals daily on exercise, and when I'm dieting my calories are 1200. That's a daily deficit of 1800 for me. How else but slooooowly would a female lose bodyfat at 1500 kcals, asthma or not, hypothyroidism or not ?
 
Just another remark on that very sentence, and then I'm out of here:

many of my lifting-chick buddies de-emphasize cardio

Cardio is especially important for females who want to lose fat. Lyle McDonald explains it in layman's terms in "Ultimate Diet 2":

The main receptors we need to worry about in human fat cells are alpha-2 receptors and beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, both of which actively bind the catecholamine hormones. When catecholamines bind to beta-1,2 receptors, they increase cAMP levels, which increases fat breakdown. Great. However, when the catecholamines bind alpha-2 receptors, they decrease cAMP levels which decreases fat breakdown. Not great. But it means that catecholamines, which I told you were fat mobilizers, can actually send both fat mobilizing and anti-fat mobilizing signals: by binding to either alpha- or beta-receptors.

So why does this matter? Different areas of bodyfat have different distributions of alpha-2 and beta-2 adrenoreceptors. For example, women's lower bodyfat (hips and thighs) have been found to have 9 times as many alpha-2 receptors as beta-2 receptors. Some research indicates that men's abdominal fat is similar, with more alpha-2 than beta-2 receptors. Now you know part of why its so difficult to reduce these stubborn fat areas; with a greater number of alpha-2 receptors to bind catecholamines, it's that much more difficult to stimulate fat breakdown in those fat cells.

Relative to visceral fat, abdominal (and probably low-back) fat has less blood flow, is less sensitive to the fat mobilizing effects of the catecholamines, and more sensitive to insulin. This makes it more stubborn than visceral fat. Hip and thigh fat is, by far, the worst; it has the lowest blood flow, is the least sensitive to the catecholamines and the most sensitive to insulin.
So now we have yet another reason that stubborn fat is stubborn: poor lood flow which makes transporting the mobilized fatty acids away more difficult. Actually, it isn't entirely true that blood flow to stubborn fat cells is always slow. In response to a meal, blood flow to stubborn fat increases readily; at all other times, blood flow to stubborn fat is slow. Basically, it's easier to store calorie in stubborn fat than to get it back out.
Studies show that women tend to have preferential increases in blood flow to their hips and thighs after a meal; the old wives’ tale about fatty foods going straight to the hips turns out to be true after all. Men tend to send more to visceral fat (which is actually easy to mobilize) and more of it sits around in their bloodstream; this makes it easier to lose bodyfat but is one reason men
are more prone to heart attacks.

However, aerobic exercise improves blood flow to fat cells in addition to burning calories, so that's a possible solution. Some studies show that exercise can overcome the normally low blood flow. Considering their problems with lower bodyfat, this might explain the observation that female bodybuilders need to do more cardio than men to get ripped.
 
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Hi,

While I'm a recent "Mainstream" Skeptic, I've been an active one in my field of Exercise Physiology and Dietetics for years.

I'm a little surprised how little scientific discussion has taken place on this topic in this forum?

Here is a starter, Exercise and Life expectancy, after 15 posts, I can post links so hear I go.


Arch Intern Med. 2005 Nov 14;165(20):2355-60. Related Articles, Links


Effects of physical activity on life expectancy with cardiovascular disease.

Franco OH, de Laet C, Peeters A, Jonker J, Mackenbach J, Nusselder W.

Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. o.francoduran@erasmusmc.nl

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the effects of physical activity on life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to calculate the consequences of different physical activity levels after age 50 years on total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease. METHODS: We constructed multistate life tables using data from the Framingham Heart Study to calculate the effects of 3 levels of physical activity (low, moderate, and high) among populations older than 50 years. For the life table calculations, we used hazard ratios for 3 transitions (healthy to death, healthy to disease, and disease to death) by levels of physical activity and adjusted for age, sex, smoking, any comorbidity (cancer, left ventricular hypertrophy, arthritis, diabetes, ankle edema, or pulmonary disease), and examination at start of follow-up period. RESULTS: Moderate and high physical activity levels led to 1.3 and 3.7 years more in total life expectancy and 1.1 and 3.2 more years lived without cardiovascular disease, respectively, for men aged 50 years or older compared with those who maintained a low physical activity level. For women the differences were 1.5 and 3.5 years in total life expectancy and 1.3 and 3.3 more years lived free of cardiovascular disease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Avoiding a sedentary lifestyle during adulthood not only prevents cardiovascular disease independently of other risk factors but also substantially expands the total life expectancy and the cardiovascular disease-free life expectancy for men and women. This effect is already seen at moderate levels of physical activity, and the gains in cardiovascular disease-free life expectancy are twice as large at higher activity levels.

David Driscoll
Exercise Physiologist and Sports Dietitian
Sydney, Australia
 
>>If you want to look like a body builder, if it isn't in your genes, it isn't happening.<<

What a strange comment!

How could you possibly tell what is in your genes???

Based on my extensive experience, it would taken a minimum of five years (on the right program, nutrition etc) to get a decent bodybuilding physique, stretching even longer if your are doing it clean (drug-free).

Consider how long it takes to gain a Phd, beginning from knowing nothing to becoming an 'expert'. Forget the ridiculous before and after photos, it takes a lot of time and hard work. You can’t just do it haphazardly for a short time and determine that you don’t have the genetics!

Re genes – If you have four generations of short people, who aren’t under ideal levels of physical stress and aren’t optimally nourished, can you say that genetically, they are meant to be short????

David Driscoll
Exercise Physiologist and Sports Dietitian
Sydney, Australia
 

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