IANAD, but I don't think foreign objects in the lungs, at least the parts reachable to a pea, are dealt with by the immune system, they're moved up and out and away by the cilia, if it's small stuff caught in the mucus, or expelled by air, i.e. coughing, if it's larger objects.
I'm only a vet, but if you look at the fir tree story photo, that's does not appear to be healthy lung tissue. It look like a huge inflammatory reaction (immune mediated) to a foreign body.
If a foreign body enters the lungs, either through inhalation or through the vascular system (parasite), it may migrate to a place where it can't be coughed out or expelled. The immune system will kick in and try to "wall it off".