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Did the Progressive movement support fascism in the 1930s?

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In another thread, theprestige made the claim that:

... fascism was the Next Big Thing among 1930s progressives. It was going to save the world, fix the planet, and harness the power of the nation-state for the good of everyone. Popular musicians in America composed songs celebrating Benito Mussolini. The fascist system would improve upon, and replace, all previous and inferior forms of government, up to and including the democracy and the republic.


This is a good example of a bad post, at least as far as posts in a forum devoted to skepticism go. The poster makes several claims, but offers up very few details to clarify just what is being claimed. Who, for example, were the progressives who said fascism was good and was going to save the world? Who were the musicians, what were the songs?

Nor does the poster provide details on why s/he believes the things asserted in the post. For instance:

(A) Are these things which the poster believes due to personal knowledge -- for instance, if theprestige lived through the 1930s and is recounting things s/he remembers? While memories can be (and often are) unreliable, that would be evidence worth considering (although, as skeptics, we'd want to check the memories against the records of the time).

(B) Are these things which the poster believes due to reading the writings of various 1930s progressives, such as Bob LaFollette, and finding passages praising fascism in these writings? If so, those would be primary sources and a strong form of evidence in support of the claim (although in that case it would be good for theprestige to provide the page numbers and titles of the books in which s/he found the quotes, to make it possible for others to 'peer review' theprestige's research and verify that theprestige has quoted fairly and accurately.)

(C) Are these things which the poster believes due to reading newspaper stories from the 1930s (available on microfilm at some libraries, or online in some newspapers' archives) in which various Progressives are quoted making statements praising fascism? Those would also be primary sources and strong evidence in support of the claim (although, again, it would be good for theprestige to provide the dates, page numbers, and names of the newspapers in which these stories can be found.)

(D) Are these things which the poster believes due to reading a history book about the Progressive movement which made the claim that Progressives in the 1930 supported fascism? In that case, we would need to know what evidence the writer of the book was relying on when they made the claims which are being passing on. Depending on the reliability of the writer, this could be strong evidence in support of the claim. Again, what we would need is the book title and page numbers (or newspaper title, date, and page numbers) on which the book-writer claims that relevant quotes can be found so that these can be checked and verified.

(E) Are these things which the poster believes due to reading some newspaper column, magazine article, blog post, or other bit of writing by someone who had not actually looked up or based their piece on primary sources and was more interested in promoting a particular viewpoint than in presenting an accurate picture? That would be extremely weak evidence, and not something a skeptic would give much weight to.

Two posters in the thread where theprestige made these claims promptly requested that theprestige provide evidence. But the thread quickly moved on to other points, and the requests got buried under the mass of other posts.

It would be nice if the evidence in support of the claims could have been posted in the thread in which the claims were made. But really, the claim that there was widespread support for fascism in the Progressive movement is a separate topic from the one that thread was started to discuss. Therefore I am starting this thread to provide theprestige (or anyone else who is interested) an opportunity to provide evidence in support of the claim that Progressives in the 1930s were significant supporters of fascism.

From the fact that theprestige has failed to provide this evidence in the week since it was requested, I suspect that this is not a subject theprestige has actually researched from primary sources yet. If I had to guess a reason for the poster's belief in the claims presented, I would go with (E). So I'd like to be helpful and provide a relatively simple way theprestige can find the evidence to support the claim that the Progressive movement supported fascism -- if that claim actually is true.

From the 1950s to the present, the National Review has been a good source for conservative opinion. While the conservative movement is not monolithic, any opinion or belief which was widespread in the conservative movement is likely to be found in its pages. If someone claimed that conservatives in the 1950s and 1960s were strong supporters of Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, I would ask them to provide me with examples of conservatives having expressed such sentiments; and if they provided me a number of citations of articles in National Review where this kind of support was expressed, I would accept that as good evidence they were correct. National Review has generally been regarded as a journal of record of the conservative movement in the US.

From the 1850s to the present The Nation has been a good source for liberal opinion. If someone claimed that liberals in the 1960s were supporters of Martin Luther King and the civil rights movement, I would ask them to provide me with examples of liberals expressing such support; and if they provided me with a number of citations to articles in The Nation where this kind of support was expressed, I would accept that as good evidence they were correct. The Nation has generally been regarded as a journal of record of the liberal movement in the US.

Perhaps a little less well-known than those two magazines, The Progressive is a good source for finding the published opinions of people in the Progressive movement. Since its founding in 1909, The Progressive has generally been regarded as a journal of record of the Progressive movement in the US.

If it is indeed true, as theprestige asserts, that progressives in the 1930s spoke highly of fascism, there should be numerous items from issues of The Progressive in that time period which theprestige can cite as examples. As someone who enjoys learning new things, I look forward to seeing these citations.
 
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Sorry, can't be bothered to look up proper citations right now. Believe what you like. If it makes you feel any better, I withdraw the original claim.

/thread
 
Sorry, can't be bothered to look up proper citations right now. Believe what you like. If it makes you feel any better, I withdraw the original claim.

/thread

Translation:

I have no idea of history or politics, and make things up hoping that people won't question me. Please don't question me.
 
Sorry, can't be bothered to look up proper citations right now.


That's quite all right. Take your time; there's no rush. I am very slow at getting things written myself, so I can readily understand if you have other matters at present which prevent you from spending time on this. But when you do have the time (or if someone else interested in this question has the time), this thread is here and ready for examples and citations to be posted.

I don't personally have a subscription to The Progressive at present, but a member of my household does. With some magazines these days, subscriptions include free access to complete online archives. When I get back home (in a couple of weeks) I'll check to see if that's true of The Progressive; and if so I may be able to look up and browse through their 1930s archive for you. If I'm able to find things relevant to this topic, I'll return to this thread and post summaries of what I've found.


Believe what you like.


Ah, but that's the opposite of skepticism. A skeptic doesn't believe what they like; they believe what the weight of the evidence available indicates. When there isn't enough evidence available to form a judgment about a matter, a skeptic suspends judgment on the matter until more and better evidence is available.

So regarding this matter, I don't believe your claim (because no substantial evidence has been provided to support that belief yet). But I don't disbelieve it either, the way I might if I were more familiar with the history of the 1930s and the Progressive movement. Rather, I lack belief in it.

If it makes you feel any better, I withdraw the original claim.


Why? If you had good reason to believe your statement was true when you made it, then the fact that I have requested evidence and you don't have time to provide it at the moment shouldn't alter your basic belief in the truth of what your wrote.

Whether there was significant support for fascism in the 1930 among Progressives is not a point of contention at present in the thread where the claim was made (which thread seems largely dead, or at least sleeping rather soundly, at the moment) so it's not an urgent matter either in that thread or this one. When someone posts with more information about what Progressives in the 1930s said about fascism, that would be a good time to withdraw the claim if it turns out the evidence does not support it. No need to rush to judgment one way or the other.

I promise to try not to badger you about this matter (beyond having started this thread, and occasionally posting to it if and when I am able to find evidence relating to the matter), and I request other people not badger you unnecessarily either. I'd rather that posts to this thread be concerned more with presenting information about Progressives in the 1930s and their stated beliefs regarding fascism. As skeptics, what's of interest should be discerning the truth about questions which come up -- not scoring debating points off each other.
 
Miss Jean Brodie did. Fiction, I know, but it has an autobiographical base.


Thank you. I've heard mention of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie before, but it hasn't been adapted into comics format yet so I never got around to reading the book, seeing the play, or watching the movie and didn't realize it related to this question. From the Wikipedia summary, it sounds like it's very much on point. I'll try to see about picking up a copy of the novel and reading it.

According to Wikipedia, the character of Jean Brodie is based on the real-life Jean Watt. I'll try to look up more about her as well.
 
Margaret Sanger is listed as a leader of the progressive movement, and there are the obvious eugenics links there (which were also present in the wider progressive movement).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sanger#Eugenics_and_euthanasia

Eugenics gained much support from progressive reform thinkers, who sought to plan social development using expert knowledge in both the social and natural sciences. In eugenics, progressive reformers saw the opportunity to attack social problems efficiently by treating the cause (bad heredity) rather than the effect.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2698847
 
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Ok but there is also one Henry A Wallace who was cited as a leader of the progressive movement and who appears to have opposed fascism during the war

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1754.html

The high point of Wallace's influence was reached in 1943, when he toured countries in Latin America. His low-key approach, willingness to speak in Spanish, and evident concern for the people of those countries, were well received. Following his visit, 13 Latin American countries severed relations with Axis governments.

Does not look like it was monolithic in America: for the uk there were certainly educated people on all sides of political opinion who supported eugenics, for example. I am not sure the term "progressive" tells us much about what people thought

ETA I see from your link that Upton Sinclair is cited as one of the writers who helped get some of the progressive agenda on to the statute books: nothing I have read of his leads me to believe he supported fascism:he was a socialist through and through so far as I can tell
 
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Actually, Communism was the next big thing among progressives. And the artistic community was probably not much inclined to give up jazz and abstract art.

I think that The Prestige is trying to push some revisionist history here.
 
No, the name was taken from Jean Watt Brodie, but the character is based on one of Muriel Spark's teachers - Christina Kay.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pr...e_(novel)#Autobiographical_basis_of_the_story


Oops! I skimmed the Wikipedia entry too quickly. Thanks for the correction.


Margaret Sanger is listed as a leader of the progressive movement, and there are the obvious eugenics links there (which were also present in the wider progressive movement).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sanger#Eugenics_and_euthanasia


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2698847


Margaret Sanger is an interesting person, and some day I hope to do a thread here related to her. I'll try to keep this post brief, however, and focused on the Progressives/pro-fascists question.

During the early 1900s it was the anti-birth control people who were the ardent eugenics supporters. (Numerous prominent eugenics proponents of the time, such as Theodore Roosevelt, argued strongly against birth control since they feared it would lead to "race suicide".) Sanger's support for birth control in the early years of the BC movement was almost entirely based on feminist ideals.

In the 1920s Sanger became a supporter of eugenics**.

But Sanger was never a supporter of fascism. She was a consistent critic of Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany. (Which makes sense, if you read Sanger's writings, since Mussolini and Hitler were opponents of birth control.)

If anyone can provide quotes from Sanger in which she praises fascism or fascist leaders, I'll be willing to reconsider. But in the 1980s and 1990s I read extensively from Margaret Sanger's writings, including almost everything she wrote in The Woman Rebel and in Birth Control Review. I do not recall anything in which she praised either fascism or fascist leaders, and that was something I was looking for specifically.

The question raised in this thread is whether progressives of the 1930s were supporters of fascism. If Margaret Sanger is classified as a Progressive, that's one more example of a Progressive who did not support fascism or believe it was the Next Big Thing.






** Eugenics was a popular cause at the time, and was generally considered more respectable than Birth Control. Strange as it may sound today, tying the two causes together actually added credibility and respectability to the BC movement.
 
The conflation of support for eugenics with support for fascism is curious: I have not heard it before and I find nothing in support of it as I google about: there was overlap, of course, but the two ideas were very distinct
 
What does the OP mean by "progressives"?


There was a political movement in the US dating back to the early 1900s known as the Progressive movement. Bob LaFollette ("Fighting Bob LaFollette") was one of the founders and most prominent members. Precisely what it stood for, how it differed from other left or liberal philosophies, and how the movement as it exists today relates to the earlier movement it evolved from, are questions beyond my scope to answer. But the magazine I referred to earlier, The Progressive, was founded by LaFollette, has consistently been published by leading people in the Progressive movement, and is a good resource to turn to for better explanation than I can provide.

In the 1930s there were many people who self-identified as Progressives. (In general, I'd say anyone who wrote for The Progressive, ran for elected office on the Progressive ticket, or otherwise publicly identified themself as a Progressive would qualify.) Those are the people which theprestige appears to be referring to in the thread where this question first came up, and the people I am referring to in the OP of this thread.
 
The conflation of support for eugenics with support for fascism is curious: I have not heard it before and I find nothing in support of it as I google about: there was overlap, of course, but the two ideas were very distinct


Because Hitler was a believer in eugenics, and many of the horrors of Nazism
stemmed from eugenics, I think there is a tendency on the part of some to lump Hitler-Nazism-fascism-eugenics all together.

But you are quite right: eugenics and fascism are very different, very distinct things, and belief in one by no means equates to belief in the other.
 
Sorry, can't be bothered to look up proper citations right now. Believe what you like. If it makes you feel any better, I withdraw the original claim.

/thread

Better yet, I don't need to bother even though I just bothered! :rolleyes:
 
I think there was a transition period in Italy from socialist promises to a strong move to gain power and a sharp turn to fascism, but I don't have long to research it atm. I'm just running with what I think I've read, but I think Mussolini had a very socialist agenda early on, but not in the 1930s.
 

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