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Cynicism Linked to Dementia

This sounds like a classical null-hypothesis test.

I don't have much experience in that but I can say that if the probability of a person developing dementia is 23/376 then in a sample size of 164, the probability of finding at least 14 people who develop dementia is 13.1%.
 
Also sounds a bit like a randomly-stumbled-upon correlation being over-interpreted as causation; possibly drifting into Texas Sharpshooter territory.

The quote from Dr. Tolppanen:

She added it was "really important" to replicate the findings on a much larger scale, to prove the link.

Says it all, really. I mean, there's a correlation (0.947091) between per-capita US consumption of cheese and the number of people who died by getting tangled in their bedsheets between the years 2000 and 2009. I know it's a tired refrain, but correlation is not causation.

That said, I admit that this one, as the good doctor suggests, is probably worth further investigation (unlike the cheese and bedsheets one), but leaping to even as mild a conclusion as "cynicism linked to dementia" is probably premature at this point. (Though that will never stop the press; the Daily Mail is probably trying to figure out how to tie both to cancer at this point.) :)
 

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