As has been pointed out by others, there's a good chance that China won't actually be ABLE to become a dominant world power UNLESS they liberalize. China suffers from some pretty monumental domestic problems that are either going to put the brakes on their economic expansion if they spend the resources to address them or are going to lead to serious instability if they choose not to. China is also a second-rate economic player. All they do is manufacture western technology: there IS no Chinese technology. Their economic system does not respect intellectual property or reward innovation. When your success as a businessman depends more on the government officials you know than on the efficiency advantages you can gain over your competitors, innovation doesn't really happen. At the end of the day, China can NEVER become a leading world power if it cannot start leading in technology. And the only way that can realistically change is if they liberalize.