Boy, looking through this old thread sure brings back some memories.
I just read through the thread. Although there were quite a few dead-head remarks, on the whole, the thread was a good one. I might also say that I had forgotton how closely I had followed the issue.
Let's remind ourselves that the Supreme Court addressed the Ten Commandments in 2005 in the
McCreary and
Van Orden decisions:
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=03-1693
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=03-1500
The plurality opinion of the late Chief Justice Rehnquist in
Van Orden (a rationale that failed to win a majority of votes on the Court) contains a number of logical inconsistencies and general fluff, as does Justice Thomas's concurrence in
Van Orden. But Justice Scalia's dissent in
McCreary is downright scary and at times viciously insulting:
Besides appealing to the demonstrably false principle that the government cannot favor religion over irreligion, today's opinion suggests that the posting of the Ten Commandments violates the principle that the government cannot favor one religion over another. That is indeed a valid principle where public aid or assistance to religion is concerned, or where the free exercise of religion is at issue, but it necessarily applies in a more limited sense to public acknowledgment of the Creator. ... With respect to public acknowledgment of religious belief, it is entirely clear from our Nation's historical practices that the Establishment Clause permits this disregard of polytheists and believers in unconcerned deities, just as it permits the disregard of devout atheists.
...
Historical practices thus demonstrate that there is a distance between the acknowledgment of a single Creator and the establishment of a religion. ... The three most popular religions in the United States, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam--which combined account for 97.7% of all believers--are monotheistic. All of them, moreover (Islam included), believe that the Ten Commandments were given by God to Moses, and are divine prescriptions for a virtuous life. Publicly honoring the Ten Commandments is thus indistinguishable, insofar as discriminating against other religions is concerned, from publicly honoring God. Both practices are recognized across such a broad and diverse range of the population--from Christians to Muslims--that they cannot be reasonably understood as a government endorsement of a particular religious viewpoint. (Citations omitted; emphasis is mine.)
It seems clear that Justice Scalia is of the view that the government CAN take a stand on religious issues, with the First Amendment protecting the majority and allowing "disregard" of minority viewpoints.
Atheists, curiously, have no need for protection under the First Amendment's "Free Exercise" component, and Justice Scalia suggests that atheists' claims to protection under the "Establishment" component can be summarily disregarded.
Government can, for example, take the position that there definitely is a deity and that those who say otherwise are in the wrong. Government can also take the position that there is only ONE deity, and those who say that there may be more than one are in the wrong. Government can further take the position that the single deity may be called into action by recitation of words, and that those who say otherwise (which would include a number of deist "Founding Fathers") are in the wrong. And in addition, government can take the position about what pleases or displeases this single deity (the Commandments being at least a partial list of things the Almighty wants or does not want), and those who think otherwise are in the wrong.
What Justice Scalia fails to mention, however, is the source of the government's wisdom in such matters. How does the government know that there is a deity, and only one deity, and that this deity has certain likes or dislikes that predispose him to interfere or refrain from interfering in human affairs? In light of the ugly truth that the government has
no knowledge on these matters, it is inappropriate for governmental bodies to take such official positions on them.
Justice Scalia seems to think that deciding religious questions is part of government's job (as long as there is no "Establishment," whatever that means). Others, including Justice Stevens, see that resolution of religious questions is a private function, not a governmental one. The government must remain neutral:
I recognize that the requirement that government must remain neutral between religion and irreligion would have seemed foreign to some of the Framers; so too would a requirement of neutrality between Jews and Christians. Fortunately, we are not bound by the Framers' expectations--we are bound by the legal principles they enshrined in our Constitution. [Justice] Story's vision that States should not discriminate between Christian sects has as its foundation the principle that government must remain neutral between valid systems of belief. As religious pluralism has expanded, so has our acceptance of what constitutes valid belief systems. The evil of discriminating today against atheists, "polytheists[,] and believers in unconcerned deities," McCreary County, post, at 10 (Scalia, J., dissenting), is in my view a direct descendent of the evil of discriminating among Christian sects.
...
The judgment of the Court in this case stands for the proposition that the Constitution permits governmental displays of sacred religious texts. This makes a mockery of the constitutional ideal that government must remain neutral between religion and irreligion. If a State may endorse a particular deity's command to "have no other gods before me," it is difficult to conceive of any textual display that would run afoul of the Establishment Clause. (Citations omitted.)