Paul2 said:
What was the definition of qi when it was created?
What were the observable phenomena at that time?
The original definition of qi has to do with pre-birth and post-birth qi. Not that I'm lazy, but there's tons of information on those two concepts all over the place on the 'net - I'll leave it to you to Google 'em. Suffice to say that the Chinese believed that you were born with a quantity of pre-birth qi (determined by your parents and other factors), and when you used all of that up, you died.
The observable phenomena were exactly the same phenomena seen everywhere else in the world; in Europe, it let to theories of "vapors", "humors", etc. (along with other sundry nonsense). These beliefs led to techniques such as bleeding, leeching and other nutty "cures". Of course, Christianity had a major influence on the direction the theories followed in Europe.
In China, the observations led to different conclusions - the qi paradigm. (A much more logical viewpoint, albeit ust as incorrect as the European beliefs.)
The Chinese observed that if you deprive someone of food, water or air, they die. This led to the belief that people died because food, air and water were major sources of some other kind of qi - eventually called "post-birth qi". The thinking went that depriving them of those sources of post-birth qi forced their bodies to use pre-birth qi until it was gone... resulting in death.
The Chinese approach to longevity was to cultivate post-birth qi and conserve pre-birth qi via meditation, diet, herbs, acupuncture, sexual abstinence and so on. The primary goal was to conserve pre-birth qi by reducing it's usage through increased substitution of post-birth qi in situations where pre-birth qi would normally be used. The belief was that while some use of pre-birth qi was unavoidable, the quantity used could be reduced. Between this and the "initial" size of the store of pre-birth qi, the Chinese were able to explain varying life-spans.
No stranger to rationalization, people who didn't practice qi conservation but lived a long time were assumed to have had great stores of pre-birth qi.
FYI - the goal of many of the so-called Taoist Immortals was to discover a way to eliminate use of pre-birth qi entirely and to subsist on post-birth qi only - hence "immortality".
All sorts of meditations and visualizations were created to "enhance" the efficiency of qi use in the body; the Macrocosmic Orbit, the Microcosmic Orbit, and many forms of qi gongs were developed for that purpose. The qi paradigm was later extended (as I posted earlier) by many others to explain other phenomena. (A classic case of having a hammer, so every problem becomes a nail.)
Later on, of course, the qi paradigm was used to explain illnesses (qi blockages or imbalances opening the body to harm), and so forth. Early acupuncture and herbal treatments (Traditional Chinese Medicine) all center around the idea of removing those blockages and/or imbalances so the body can naturally prevent illness and heal itself.
I have a fair number of sources for this information, but not at work, and not on the web. If you're really that curious I'll dig them up and list them for you... but they're pretty easy to find, anyway.
It was either this, or ducks...
