Brainache
There appears to be three separate categories of people who are entitled to take a "Christian wife" on their travels:
No, according to Paul, all apostles are entitled to have a traveling companion. Builds of three are rhetorical devices to emphasize points, in this case (as in so many others), that Paul is not just any old apostle, but is at least on a par with the BoL's and is the very peer of Cephas. Paul doesn't have a wife (it seems), but he is seeking some accommodation.
In both cases Peter (Cephas) is in a separate category to "Brothers Of The Lord".
No. In both cases, Cephas is mentioned
specifically in addition to one or more BoL's. There is nothing said, either way, about his being separate from or included within the other category. In this case, Cephas is also mentioned specifically in addition to all apostles other than Paul. Is it your view that Paul means that Cephas is not an apostle? That is not my view.
It seems fair to to me to say that James was the leader of the "Gang" because Paul talks of "Some from James" who came to disturb his flock spying out their "Privy Parts" to see who was circumcised. They weren't just "Some random Jews" they were from James.
I am less impressed, since there is nothing in Paul that says there even is a single leader in Jerusalem, much less that James is that leader. It could be a
troika (James, Peter and John), for example, or simply a consensusal arrangement. Paul doesn't say.
James sends some men. So what? Peter is in Antioch; he can't send anybody from Jerusalem. James is in Jerusalem; he can send somebody from there. In Peter's absence, maybe James is the senior man onsite in Jerusalem. Or, maybe the Jerusalem church as a whole sent the men, and Paul is using the device of personification.
There is not one word from Paul that the men, once they are in Antioch, have any instructions about Peter from James, or act as James' emissaries. There is not one word that they claim authority over Peter. It isn't even in evidence that Peter couldn't order them to eat with Gentiles if he were so inclined - but since they might puke all over the table and floor, maybe Peter feels he would enjoy his own meal better if he didn't exercise his authority. There is not one word in Paul that James orders Peter to do anything, neither face-to-face nor through emissaries.
Who's in charge in Jerusalem (if anybody was) is a squabble between some Protestants on the one hand, and the apostolic succession churches on the other (RCC or otherwise, with the Anglicans in the middle, maybe). It's not my fight. The combatants rely a lot on
Acts. There is nothing in Paul, however, that puts James in authority over Peter, or
vice versa. Paul describes only Peter as his peer, but that doesn't mean James agreed, or that Paul's interest in personal status had anything much to do with how the Judean church conducted its business.
David Mo
As I pointed out in an earlier post, in the example I wrongly awarded Charles' duchy (Cornwall) to John, Duke of Somerset.
The correct example sentence would be:
Charles and John, the Duke of Somerset, left the party to have a smoke.
What we conclude here is just that John is Duke of Cornwall, and not Charles.
Which, I assume would be, with the above correction
What we conclude here is just that John is Duke of Somerset, and not Charles.
Quite so. The issue, however, is whether or not Charles is a duke. And quite so (based on what I take your "just that" to mean) that the sentence doesn't say, imply or suggest that Charles isn't a duke. It just doesn't say anything about Charles and the status of being a duke.
What we can correctly conclude from Galatians 1: 18-19 is that Paul and other apostles were not “Lord’s brothers” in the same sense that James.
I haven't argued that Paul is a "Brother of the Lord" in
any sense. I haven't argued that any other named apostle besides James is a "Brother of the Lord" in any sense. We know there is at least one more, because Paul uses the term in the plural elsewhere, but Paul doesn't say who else is a "Brother of the Lord."
We can suppose many things and I don’t understand well your concept of “portfolio”,
Anybody who saw the risen Jesus and becomes a teacher of that experience is an apostle, in Paul's apparent reckoning. Paul is apostle to the Gentiles
just as Peter is apostle to the Jews. Gentiles is a portfolio, Jews is a portfolio. (Between them, that's everybody.) Paul and Peter are the only apostles Paul mentions as having portfolios, and Peter is the only apostle Paul mentions as his peer.
What James has differentiates him from Peter and the other apostles.
That's not in evidence. Back to the example. What status Prince Charles has differentiates him from John Seymour. What status John Seymour has, Charles also has, and more besides. What John
doesn't have is, in fact, what distinguishes him from Charles.
We couldn't tell that from the example sentence (here corrected, as above)
Charles and John, the Duke of Somerset, left the party to have a smoke.
I can ramp it up
Prince Charles and John, the Duke of Somerset, left the party to have a smoke.
Is Prince Charles a duke as well? The sentence doesn't say, the sentence doesn't remove the possibility, and if I consult another source (which I can in this case, but not in the case of Paul's letters). I find that yes, Prince Charles is the Duke of Cornwall. Meanwhile, the sentence does at least suggest that John isn't a prince, as also happens to be taught by other sources.
Bottom line: I do not know whether or not Peter is a "Brother of the Lord" as Paul uses that phrase. My only source is Paul, and he doesn't say.
proudfootz
as they have permission to marry the Sisters of the Lord:
I disagree, the issue is whether apostles can travel with a wife at church expense. There is no noun phrase "sister(s) of the Lord" in Paul. "Sister" here - not sister of the Lord, just sister - is plainly not literal blood kin. Paul is not promoting incest, lol, but I can't see any reason to think that Paul doesn't mean simply "a wife who is a member of the Christian faith." That is relevant to his argument, because a wife who is a member of the faith can help her spouse with the preaching; for example, by having access to other women in settings that are closed to men.
This kind of "sister" wife would be clearly parallel to a companion of Paul who, while not being a wife to Paul (and maybe that's a whole 'nother story), would neverhteless help him with the preaching, and so be worthy of material support.