Bart Ehrman on the Historical Jesus

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GDon said:
Anyway, I'll drop off this merry-go-round now. Thanks for your time.

Well that’s a shame, because your reply here was vastly more reasonable than most if not all the pro-HJ posts here, and was clearly getting very close to what I have been saying all the way through.

So, maybe you’d like to reconsider that departure, then at least you and I might get to the bottom of any remaining difference of opinion we may have on this.
Oh, I'll be around. Just bowing out of this particular discussion. I think I know where we disagree: I see evidence of Paul's beliefs as part of a cumulative case which suggests that the best explanation for Paul's beliefs (and data provided by other early material) is that there was a crucified Jew at the heart of it. But you don't think we can read anything into Paul's beliefs other than he had certain beliefs. Which I disagree with, but fair enough. Unless you provide your own best explanation for Paul's beliefs (and I do mean best explanation, not just some alternative), there is nothing to argue over.

But have no doubt that I will join in on some other discussion! I love discussions on what people believed back then. It's a fascinating topic.
 
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Well, yeah. That's your explanation, but I wanted to know what IanS and Dejudge thought. Both have avoided the question, leading me to conclude that they have no idea how the religion could have started, and are not basing their conclusions on evidence or lack thereof.

However, the rest of your post doesn't go into detail as to how Christianity began, which is what I was interested about. "John Frum" is not a sufficient answer, for me. Of course, you can expect me to call the pro-HJ crowd on their own claims, as I've done numerous times in the past.

So when you actually get an answer you just cavalierly brush it aside?

You didn't just move the goalposts, you nuked the field.

From now on we can all say "not a sufficient answer for me" and happily ignore any bits of data we want to ignore.
 
So when you actually get an answer you just cavalierly brush it aside?

No. It's just that saying "John Frum" doesn't answer my question any more than saying "Darth Vader" (in addition to be less cool of an answer.) What I'm looking for is something along the lines of a timeline of event for Jesus, not some other character. I understand what Maxi is saying, but I'm looking for something more specific. There's no reason for you to be snarky about it.
 
No. It's just that saying "John Frum" doesn't answer my question any more than saying "Darth Vader" (in addition to be less cool of an answer.) What I'm looking for is something along the lines of a timeline of event for Jesus, not some other character. I understand what Maxi is saying, but I'm looking for something more specific. There's no reason for you to be snarky about it.


You want someone to prove Jesus is a myth by producing an actual timeline of events? What events? It seems like assuming that there are events in Jesus life is begging the question of his existence.
 
You want someone to prove Jesus is a myth by producing an actual timeline of events?

No, I just want someone to provide a reasonable alternative. As I've said multiple times already, I find it hard to assign a higher probability value to a non-existent scenario. I also want, out of curiosity, to know how IanS and others view the birth of that religion in the absence of a somewhat-historical Jesus.
 
Yes, so ? You must forget that my posts are recorded as well, because I never said I was convinced, nor that the evidence was particularily good. In fact, everyone has agreed that the evidence is terrible.

You are compounding your problem with credibility. Now you admit the evidence is terrible why did you claim that "Jesus was most probably a real person(s)".

You very well knew it was the opposite. You very well knew in advance of posting that the evidence was terrible and could not have supported your claim that Jesus most probably existed.

Nothing has changed--no new evidence has been found. The evidence for an historical Jesus of Nazareth is still terrible so please stop giving the erroneous impression that Jesus most probably existed.

Belz said:
...The question I have repeatedly asked you, and that you've avoided like the plague, is whether you can explain how the religion sprung. You have no clue, which is why you don't want to answer. You'd rather ask me to prove that Jesus existed, even though I already said I was 60-40 in favour of the historical hypothesis only.

Again, you compound your credibility problem. You keep forgetting that the posts are recorded. Please, stop your fallacies.


I have already shown YOU the words of a 2nd century WITNESS--Aristides.

Just yesterday, less than 16 hours ago I showed you the 2nd century witness of the beginning of Christianity and what they believed.

I show my source again.

Aristides' Apology
The Christians, then, trace the beginning of their religion from Jesus the Messiah; and he is named the Son of God Most High. And it is said that God came down from heaven, and from a Hebrew virgin assumed and clothed himself with flesh; and the Son of God lived in a daughter of man. This is taught in the gospel, as it is called...........those of the present day who believe that preaching are called Christians, and they are become famous.

Belz said:
You, on the other hand, said you were 100% in favour of the myth, yet somehow you are unable and unwilling to actually commit to this hypothesis and provide an explanation to Christianity that doesn't involve Jesus. You just rant that things support your side without actually showing that it does.

Your credibility is now at an all time low.

This is what I expected.

In any event, You have already admitted as a fact that EVERYONE agrees the evidence for an historical Jesus is TERRIBLE. Please, the argument for an historical Jesus must also be terrible because it based on admitted and agreed terrible evidence.

The HJ argument is a most horrible baseless argument. No wonder Bart Ehrman "Did Jesus Exist"? was declared to be a Failure of Facts and Logic.
 
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No, I just want someone to provide a reasonable alternative. As I've said multiple times already, I find it hard to assign a higher probability value to a non-existent scenario. I also want, out of curiosity, to know how IanS and others view the birth of that religion in the absence of a somewhat-historical Jesus.

Apparently that is something that "man was not meant to know" <spooky music>
 
dejudge

OK, I now have another question for you. You have twice quoted Aristides and seem OK with placing his writing in the Second Century, Around 125 is the typical dating.

I don't make stuff up. I have a witness from the 2nd century. Aristides will tell you how the Jesus cult of Christians started and what they believed.
Isn't he a tad late on the scene to be telling us how Christianity began? Is that the purpose of his writing? He seems to be defending the wholesomeness of the then-existing version of Christianity to Hadrian, rather than giving a history lesson. Is there any place where he says that the story he tells Hadrian is the same story that was told in earlier generations?

You and I have already covered in an earlier exchange of posts that by "witness" you personally may mean anybody who offers testimony, regardless of whether or not that person was a witness who oberved anything relevant with their senses.

So is that the case here? Do you believe that Aristides has any first-hand knowledge of the start of Chistianity?
 
You are compounding your problem with credibility. Now you admit the evidence is terrible why did you claim that "Jesus was most probably a real person(s)".

The problem here is your inability to follow the conversation. The evidence is very weak, therefore we cannot make a definite conclusion. However, we can try to determine the most probable hypothesis via other means. Myself and others have already said this; there is no contradiction.

In addition, your continued insistence on asking me to do something about all this when I'm actually not making a claim (saying I'm 60-40 certainly isn't me being squarely on either side) is ridiculous.

You very well knew it was the opposite. You very well knew in advance of posting that the evidence was terrible and could not have supported your claim that Jesus most probably existed.

I know Sylvia Browne just died, but please don't try to take her place. You are a horrible mind-reader.

Again, you compound your credibility problem. You keep forgetting that the posts are recorded. Please, stop your fallacies.

What fallacies ? You seem to be arguing for argument's sake.

I have already shown YOU the words of a 2nd century WITNESS--Aristides.

How is he a witness, exactly ? You seem to share Stone's ignorance of the meaning of the word.

Your credibility is now at an all time low.

Let's just say that your personal estimate of my credibility won't make me lose any sleep, so why don't you stop trying to goad me and instead address what I said, rather than what you think I said or wish I said. After all, posts here are "recorded".

This is what I expected.

Of course, since you operate via circular reasoning, assuming your conclusion and fitting the evidence to confirm it; again, the exact opposite of skepticism. I, however, at least have the balls to admit that I don't know whether Jesus existed, and that whatever increased probability the HJ side has is marginal at best.

Please, the argument for an historical Jesus must also be terrible because it based on admitted and agreed terrible evidence.

It is weak, yes. The argument for the mythical Jesus, however, is even weaker.
 
The problem here is your inability to follow the conversation. The evidence is very weak, therefore we cannot make a definite conclusion. However, we can try to determine the most probable hypothesis via other means. Myself and others have already said this; there is no contradiction.

Again, you are compounding your credibility problem. I am the one who have followed your conversation and have shown that you made contradictory statements about the existence of Jesus.

Follow your conversation.

In 10th June 2013 you claimed Jesus most probably existed.

Belz said:
..And I agree that he was most probably a real person(s)....

20 November 2013 you deny you espouse such a theory.

Belz said:
Why would I, since I don't espouse the theory that he existed ?

Now, if you do not espouse the theory that Jesus existed which one do you espouse.

Today, you contradict yesterdays statement and now admit you are 60-40 for the probability that Jesus existed.

Belz said:
.....I already said I was 60-40 in favour of the historical hypothesis only.

Please, you very well espouse the theory that Jesus existed and actually have a numerical value for your theory so why did you deny it yesterday ?

You knew in advance of posting that you had a 60-40 probability for an historical Jesus based on admitted Terrible evidence.

I have a 100-0 probability that Jesus was a figure of mythology based on very good and multiple attested evidence.

NT manuscripts and Codices have been found and it is stated quite clearly Jesus was born AFTER his mother was made pregnant by a Holy Ghost and that Jesus was God Creator.

Please, examine the recovered NT manuscripts and Codices.

The Jesus story perfectly matches the mythology of the Jews, Greeks and Romans like the myth characters called Perseus, Romulus and the Son of Man in the book of Daniel.
 
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Oh, I'll be around. Just bowing out of this particular discussion. I think I know where we disagree: I see evidence of Paul's beliefs as part of a cumulative case which suggests that the best explanation for Paul's beliefs (and data provided by other early material) is that there was a crucified Jew at the heart of it. But you don't think we can read anything into Paul's beliefs other than he had certain beliefs. Which I disagree with, but fair enough.

But have no doubt that I will join in on some other discussion! I love discussions on what people believed back then. It's a fascinating topic.



Yes, that's about the size of it. Namely, what I am saying is -the cumulative sum of Paul's belief's, added together with other peoples beliefs, still leaves us only with beliefs. But beliefs are not evidence. There is actually, no evidence there at all, only beliefs. Religious devotional beliefs actually. In fact, religious devotional beliefs in the supernatural.



Unless you provide your own best explanation for Paul's beliefs (and I do mean best explanation, not just some alternative), there is nothing to argue over. .


Well I have not only explained that many times in these various HJ threads, but Paul himself explained it many times!

He says very clearly that he got all his Jesus beliefs from what he believed was his correct understanding of OT scripture.

There may have been earlier Christians, but Paul says he did not get his belief from anything they told him about Jesus. So where any earlier Christians might have got their ideas from is a mystery. Except that rather obviously, they were almost certainly doing precisely what Paul did, and precisely what Jews in that region had done for at least the previous 500 years, and decided that they knew about the promised messiah from what they believed to have been the meaning of prophecies etc. in the books of their Old Testament.

So that's where the Jesus stories came from. And that much is almost certain, because (a)Paul explicitly tells us that, and (b) as various modern sceptic authors such as Randel Helms have shown beyond all doubt, the gospel stories of Jesus were clearly being taken from the OT.

The only remaining and very minor mystery, is why they picked the name Yehoshua (ie middle English "Jesus"). And I think there two things we can say about that, (1) it may have something to do with the theophoric nature of that name, for which see the footnote below, and (2) in any case it should hardly be an amazing surprise to anyone here (or anywhere) to realise that a story like this with a name Yehoshua, could very easily have arisen in pre-Paul times simply as a matter of street gossip amongst what were obviously fanatical uneducated people who already believed as a matter of certainty that the messiah simply had to appear by divine word of the OT.

So I don’t think there is any great mystery about how a messiah story could take hold.





Footnote re the name or "word" Yehoshua - regarding the fact that Yehoshua is actually a Theophoric name invoking a cry to Yahweh, and why any pre-Paul Christians might have chosen that name simply for religious Theophoric reasons, and indeed why Paul may have decided that must have been the right name of the messiah according to what Paul believed was in the OT, just take a look at the following (ie simply as some thoughts or notes on this) -
-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua

Joshua (Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Yĕhôshúa‘; Greek: Ἰησοῦς, Arabic: يوشع بن نون‎ Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn, Turkish: Yuşa), is a figure in the Torah, being one of the spies for Israel (Num 13–14) and in few passages as Moses' assistant.[3] He is the central character in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Joshua. According to the books Exodus, Numbers and Joshua, he became the leader of the Israelite tribes after the death of Moses; his name was Hoshe'a the son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, but Moses called him Yehoshu'a (Joshua) (Numbers 13:16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_(name)

The word Jesus used in the New Testament comes from the Latin form of the Greek name Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous), a rendition of the Hebrew Yeshua (ישוע), also used as Joshua or Yesua.[1][2] The name is thus related to the Hebrew consonantal verb root verb y-š-ʕ (to rescue or deliver) and the Hebrew noun yešuaʕ (deliverance).[4] There have been a number of proposals as to the origin and etymological origin of the name Jesus (cf. Matthew 1:21).

The name is related to the Hebrew form [Yehoshua`] יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua, which is a theophoric name first mentioned within the Biblical tradition in Exodus 17:9. This name is usually considered to be a compound of two parts: יהו Yeho, a theophoric reference to YHWH, the name of the God of Israel, plus Hosea a form derived from the Hebrew triconsonantal root y-š-ʕ or י-ש-ע Numbers 13:16 "to liberate, save". There have been various proposals as to how the literal etymological meaning of the name should be translated, including: YHWH saves, (is) salvation, (is) a saving-cry, (is) a cry-for-saving, (is) a cry-for-help, (is) my help.[5][6][7][8][9]
".
 
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No. It's just that saying "John Frum" doesn't answer my question any more than saying "Darth Vader" (in addition to be less cool of an answer.) What I'm looking for is something along the lines of a timeline of event for Jesus, not some other character. I understand what Maxi is saying, but I'm looking for something more specific. There's no reason for you to be snarky about it.

But it wasn't just "John Frum" but a timeline of events regarding him that anyone who didn't want things spoon feed to them could cross extrapolate to Jesus.

Known contemporary officials mentioned Manehivi (1940-41), Neloaig (1943), and Iokaeye (1947) in their writings and yet of the white literate US serviceman there is nothing.

The 1949 letter shows that the origins of the movement can be held to begin earlier then history records (at least 30 years perhaps more)

The total absence of the three historical "John Frums" from oral tradition show how believers can memory hole anything that doesn't fit their faith.

The making of Prince Philip Movement into the brother of John Frum shows how the supposed founder can be given a veneer of history.

All the main points of the classic Christ mythers like Drews, Robertson, and Remsburg that the apologists claim could not happen did happen...many years after these people made their claims.
 
Again, you are compounding your credibility problem.

No, you're just a very confused person. Admitting that the probability is greater doesn't mean I have a horse in this race. The conclusion that this is a contradiction only stems from your black-and-white, Jesus-must-be-a-myth-for-my-atheism-to-hold mentality.
 
Please, you very well espouse the theory that Jesus existed and actually have a numerical value for your theory so why did you deny it yesterday ?

Once more: No. Just because I say it's more probable doesn't mean I accept it or that I espouse it. Again, this is your black-and-white mentality.

I have a 100-0 probability that Jesus was a figure of mythology based on very good and multiple attested evidence.

I know, and this marks you as an unreasonable person. You are not allowing any possibility that your evidence-less conclusion can be wrong.

NT manuscripts and Codices have been found and it is stated quite clearly Jesus was born AFTER his mother was made pregnant by a Holy Ghost and that Jesus was God Creator.

How does that preclude that Jesus was a real person and that this religious nonsense about the virgin birth is simply false ? Lies are told about real people all the time. This doesn't mean these people didn't exist. Hell, you've told a lie about me already and I keep posting.
 
But it wasn't just "John Frum" but a timeline of events regarding him that anyone who didn't want things spoon feed to them could cross extrapolate to Jesus.

I know, but if I extrapolate, then it becomes my hypothesis rather than yours, which isn't what I was looking for.
 
tsig;9640816 said:
Well, yeah. That's your explanation, but I wanted to know what IanS and Dejudge thought. Both have avoided the question, leading me to conclude that they have no idea how the religion could have started, and are not basing their conclusions on evidence or lack thereof.

However, the rest of your post doesn't go into detail as to how Christianity began, which is what I was interested about. "John Frum" is not a sufficient answer, for me. Of course, you can expect me to call the pro-HJ crowd on their own claims, as I've done numerous times in the past.


So when you actually get an answer you just cavalierly brush it aside?

You didn't just move the goalposts, you nuked the field.

From now on we can all say "not a sufficient answer for me" and happily ignore any bits of data we want to ignore.

No. It's just that saying "John Frum" doesn't answer my question any more than saying "Darth Vader" (in addition to be less cool of an answer.) What I'm looking for is something along the lines of a timeline of event for Jesus, not some other character. I understand what Maxi is saying, but I'm looking for something more specific. There's no reason for you to be snarky about it.



Belz …. how many times? You have had a very direct, detailed and full answer from me on precisely that question at least half a dozen times here.

You don’t think it might be asking a little to much for you to demand that I/anyone should claim to know a “timeline” and a “more specific” description within that timeline of how Christianity had actually begun prior to what we have in Paul? This is 2000 years ago, where all we have as the only primary source is some obviously fallacious biblical writing of beliefs in supernatural gods, and you are saying we have to provide you with specific timeline detail of exactly how Paul and earlier Christians got their version of the same old messiah story they had all believed in since at least 600BC ! :boggled: ?

You think it’s reasonable for you to keep chasing people around making that demand, after people have already told you numerous times that (a) we are not proposing a mythical Jesus, and not supporting any particular myth theory, and (b) have in any case offered you a perfectly plausible and simple observation on how, why, and where Paul or any earlier Christians might easily have got their messiah beliefs about anyone called Yehoshua (or any other such name)?

OK then, to repeat - all ancient religions which believed in supernatural gods, and that’s probably every single one of them, must have got those god beliefs from somewhere, right? OK, so where do you think their beliefs came from?

I’ve already offered you what I think is the likely, and very simple, answer to that. Which is - afaik, all those beliefs arose from superstitious people gossiping to one-another about stories of entirely fictional gods who they swore to have been witnessed. Can you think of another way that any such religion could have started? Because off the top of my head, I can’t.

In which case, it seems inevitably likely to me that Christian belief in Yehoshua began exactly the same way. Namely - before the time of Paul, since at least 600BC, people had been certain that God’s messiah would come amongst the people.

For much of that time it seems they believed the messiah would be a human leader who would simply lead the nation to great victory over it’s oppressors. However, by about 170BC, when no such messiah had appeared for over 400 years, we know from the Dead Sea scrolls that preaching became more diverse and some began to preach that the messiah would be, or already was (or even had been!), an apocalyptic messenger of God who came to warn the faithful to adhere very closely now to the preached faith, because the day of final judgement was about to dawn very soon.

That in itself is already very close to the similarly apocalyptic preaching of Paul as much as 200 years after what had been written in the DSS.

If you check in the OT, and I have already said that off-hand I don’t have specific quotes for the following, but perhaps someone else knows them - iirc, there are passages in the OT which talk of the messiah being persecuted and rejected by his own people, passing almost unrecognised and unappreciated, and even I think an obscure passage which talks of someone being “hung on a tree” and where it’s not clear whether that might apply to the messiah or not. And there is of course also the famous and well known passage variously translated as something like “like a Lion they pierce my hands and feet” .

So if Paul was consulting the OT for all his Messiah beliefs, as he indeed repeatedly tells us he was, and if as seems most likely to me, a wandering street preacher would not have available to him all the various versions of the most ancient OT Hebrew texts, but more likely would only know what was said about the OT as passed down by word of mouth, and at that date mostly taken from a Greek translated Septuagint (complete with all sorts of translation errors), then I think it’s perfectly easy to see that Paul may have decided that the OT meant the messiah had already appeared, had passed persecuted and unrecognised at some unknown earlier time, and been “hung on a tree” or “pierced hand and foot” (ie, "crucified").

If earlier Christians before Paul believed that same thing, then that same logic applies to the question of where they may have got their messiah ideas … it’s from the OT!

If you want an idea as to the final remaining, and likely quite trivial, question of why they choose the name Yehoshua, then see my post above quoting wiki on the theophoric nature and origin of that name.

Please don’t tell me you want it spelled out more clearly than that.
 
No, you're just a very confused person. Admitting that the probability is greater doesn't mean I have a horse in this race. The conclusion that this is a contradiction only stems from your black-and-white, Jesus-must-be-a-myth-for-my-atheism-to-hold mentality.



How on earth can you know or guess what the probability is ("60-40"), when you have no evidence of anyone knowing any living Jesus at all.

If you say "60-40", and I know a lot of people do, then please do try to understand that if you are not estimating that from actual evidence that this person exists (which you are not, because there is no such evidence), then you can only be estimating it from religious beliefs stated by 2000 year biblical fanatics like Paul and the gospel writers ...

... but those beliefs are their religious faith (they come from the OT, as they all repeatedly tell you!). So if you are estimating from their stated beliefs (and there is nothing else!), then your "60-40" is actually a religious faith belief, whether you realise it or not.

That's why I said to you before (I did try to fully explain it), the best anyone can honestly and objectively say in the absence of any genuine reliable evidence, and in the presence of only biblical religious beliefs, is to say that their is no basis to believe it, and being ultra charitable, perhaps no basis to disbelieve it .... in which case you should say it's 0% - 0% (not "60%-40%, or any other such figure).
 
You don’t think it might be asking a little to much for you to demand that I/anyone should claim to know a “timeline” and a “more specific” description within that timeline of how Christianity had actually begun prior to what we have in Paul?

I don't demand. I'm asking, politely. You don't find the evidence or reasoning for HJ convincing, fine. Neither do I. But I'd like to know how you think the whole thing started if not via someone whom we could identify with Jesus. How did this religion get made up wholecloth ? I'd really like to know.

OK then, to repeat - all ancient religions which believed in supernatural gods, and that’s probably every single one of them, must have got those god beliefs from somewhere, right? OK, so where do you think their beliefs came from?

From a person, presumably. Jesus wasn't a supernatural god to begin with; I know some people interpret Paul's stuff to say that it did but I'm not sold on this. My problem here is that you are conflating god and Jesus, just like John does. Think of Mark, instead.

How on earth can you know or guess what the probability is ("60-40"), when you have no evidence of anyone knowing any living Jesus at all.

For the same reason that I can say that, according to me, when company X's human ressources tell me "we'll get back to you", they mean that they won't, based on prior experiences. Not sure that's clear, but that's the way I see it. It's my own opinion, or feeling, if you will. You are conflating two things that I said.
 
The problem here is your inability to follow the conversation. The evidence is very weak, therefore we cannot make a definite conclusion. However, we can try to determine the most probable hypothesis via other means. Myself and others have already said this; there is no contradiction.

Earlier you admitted everyone agreed the evidence is terrible and now you say the evidence is very weak.

You are still not credible.

There is no evidence for an historical Jesus of Nazareth.

It is documented that Jesus was born after his mother was made pregnant by a Holy Ghost.

Why are you continuously making erroneous claims about Jesus of Nazareth?

These are the documented description of Jesus.
Jesus of Nazareth was God Creator that walked on the sea of Galilee before he instantly transfigured with the resurrected Moses and Elijah.

Jesus of Nazareth did boast that he would resurrect and he did before he ascended to heaven in a cloud.

Jesus of Nazareth is pure unadulterated mythology. Jesus is more myth than Romulus.

I forgot to tell you that when Jesus was baptized a Holy Ghost bird descended upon him and a voice from heaven identified Jesus as his son.

Belz said:
In addition, your continued insistence on asking me to do something about all this when I'm actually not making a claim (saying I'm 60-40 certainly isn't me being squarely on either side) is ridiculous.

If you are not on either side then why don't you write the correct ratio?

It is 50-50 when you are not on either side.

It is most amazing that you have no idea what 60-40 means.

You are arguing that Jesus of Nazareth probably existed with 20 point margin and is still openly giving the impression that are you not while arguing against those who argue that Jesus was a figure of mythology..

Belz said:
..... I, however, at least have the balls to admit that I don't know whether Jesus existed, and that whatever increased probability the HJ side has is marginal at best.

You claimed Jesus most probably existed. Please stop exposing your errors.
Don't you know what "most probably existed" means?

Belz said:
....I agree that he was most probably a real person(s).
 
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