Merged Apollo "hoax" discussion - continuation thread

I am probably going to get shot down on this but here goes. I took 'A Level' physics back in the day (UK exam taken at 18) but I am just a little lost, possibly due to translation. I do not back Honolulufilly and yes I think that P1K is back but I don't quite follow the acceleration argument. I thought that an object in orbit was always under acceleration due to the vectors involved because of gravity. Am I missing part of the argument here or have I just misread a post? For the record I watched the moon landings aged 10 on a tiny mono TV. I believed it then and I believe it now.

Gravitational acceleration affects all parts of the spacecraft equally. As far as an object in freefall and all its components are concerned, there's no acceleration. Accelerometers won't tell you anything about your orbit, no matter how you integrate their output. They only tell you about changes to your orbit.
 
Gravitational acceleration affects all parts of the spacecraft equally. As far as an object in freefall and all its components are concerned, there's no acceleration. Accelerometers won't tell you anything about your orbit, no matter how you integrate their output. They only tell you about changes to your orbit.

Thank you for that. I was admittedly confused over whether the poster was talking about normal acceleration in orbit. You have now clarified that for me.
 
The sunned stamp has a soft gumming, the out of sun stamp has firm gumming.

Irrelevant. How does the stamp get this sunning from inside the Apollo craft?

I'm still waiting for your insight on solar x-rays. You seem to answer all manner of posts that don't call you out, but ignore those that do!
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The sunned stamp has a soft gumming, the out of sun stamp has firm gumming.

So what part of the 'sunning' makes the gum go hard. How much of the 'sunning' would reach the stamps inside the spaceship and within the container they are in?
 
The sunned stamp has a soft gumming, the out of sun stamp has firm gumming.

1) are these lick-and-stick or peel-and-stick stamps?
2) did you control for temperature and humidity?
3) Is this adhesive softening a permanent change or does the adhesive firm up again over time?
4) Which stamps do you think replicate the exposure of stamps inside a container inside the C/SM, the ones exposed to direct sunshine or the ones left in the dark?
 
Hello Patrick

The only way that radiation can have a permanent effect on something is if the something is DESIGNED that way. For example a film emulsion is permanently affected by exposure to light and heat. You can only see that effect when the film is developed.

Experiment:

1. Take four brand new rolls of colour film from the same four pack. Number them 1 to 4

2. Put No. 1 and No. 2 the oven at 150°C for one hour.

3. Take out the two film rolls from the oven and allow them to cool down to room temperature.

4. Open No 1 and No 3 and examine the film emulsion side (the inside of the film roll). They will look identical. You will not see any noticeable difference

5. Develop No 2 and No 4. You will immediately see the difference. The film emulsion of No. 2 (oven baked) will be much darker and will have a dark olive-green tinge.

This is because film emulsion is DESIGNED to be affected by visible light, and a side effect of this is that it is also sensitive to heat, and x-ray radiation (if you have ever had a film ruined by an airport bomb-detecting x-ray machine, you will know this).

However, stamp gum is not designed to react to heat, light or radiation, (its designed to react to being made wet, like being licked) so there will be no permanent effect if you expose it to radiation.
 
Here's a bit more, a good way to work through some of this. GENERAL RELATIVITY'S EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE wants to argue that in principle, one cannot discern if she is in a gravitational field or is simply accelerating, the two are said to be=equivalent.

But alas, there is a way to tell if one is standing on the earth in a box, or being pulled at 32 feet per second per second through the vacuum of space in a closed box.

See if you can see a way someone could tell the difference, standing on the earth in a box vs being pulled through space at an acceleration of 32 feet per second squared. It's a great exercise, thought experiment to play with, and one that pays great dividends in the understanding of its solution. Think about dropping things from different positions in the box and measuring where EXACTLY IT IS THAT THEY LAND ON THE "FLOOR".

If the box is in free fall, tell me, how long will it take a dropped object in it to hit the floor?
 
I thought that an object in orbit was always under acceleration due to the vectors involved because of gravity.

You might be getting confused with the often made reference to objects in orbit "always falling".

When a spacecraft is in Earth orbit, the occupants feel "zero G". This is not because the spacecraft is in space "per se" its because it is "always falling" toward the Earth with precisely enough forward velocity (about 8km/sec) to keep it falling towards a surface that is curving away from it, effectively, the Earth's surface is falling away at the same rate that the spacecraft is falling towards it.

Here's a snip from a web page that explains orbits quite well

"An object's momentum and the force of gravity have to be balanced for an orbit to happen. If the forward momentum of one object is too great, it will speed past and not enter into orbit. If momentum is too small, the object will be pulled down and crash. When these forces are balanced, the object is always falling toward the planet, but because it's moving sideways fast enough, it never hits the planet. Orbital velocity is the speed needed to stay in orbit. At an altitude of 150 miles (242 kilometers) above Earth, orbital velocity is about 17,000 miles per hour. Satellites that have higher orbits have slower orbital velocities."

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/what-is-orbit-58.html
 
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See if you can see a way someone could tell the difference, standing on the earth in a box vs being pulled through space at an acceleration of 32 feet per second squared. It's a great exercise, thought experiment to play with, and one that pays great dividends in the understanding of its solution. Think about dropping things from different positions in the box and measuring where EXACTLY IT IS THAT THEY LAND ON THE "FLOOR".

This is nothing new or profound. A likely easier way would be to measure the apparent acceleration at the top and bottom of the box, or the tension in a vertical rod or distance between two spheres free-falling within the box. But this is all irrelevant: converging acceleration vectors and tidal forces are a result of the mass distribution of planets, not due to some aspect of gravitational acceleration or violation of the equivalence principle.
 
You might be getting confused with the often made reference to objects in orbit "always falling".

When a spacecraft is in Earth orbit, the occupants feel "zero G". This is not because the spacecraft is in space "per se" its because it is "always falling" toward the Earth with precisely enough forward velocity (about 8km/sec) to keep it falling towards a surface that is curving away from it, effectively, the Earth's surface is falling away at the same rate that the spacecraft is falling towards it.

Here's a snip from a web page that explains orbits quite well

"An object's momentum and the force of gravity have to be balanced for an orbit to happen. If the forward momentum of one object is too great, it will speed past and not enter into orbit. If momentum is too small, the object will be pulled down and crash. When these forces are balanced, the object is always falling toward the planet, but because it's moving sideways fast enough, it never hits the planet. Orbital velocity is the speed needed to stay in orbit. At an altitude of 150 miles (242 kilometers) above Earth, orbital velocity is about 17,000 miles per hour. Satellites that have higher orbits have slower orbital velocities."

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/what-is-orbit-58.html

Thanks for the response.

I follow what you are saying but I think it's possible I am getting over pedantic over the definition of acceleration that I learned at school (many years ago!).

Acceleration and Vectors were constantly drilled into us during physics classes and followed up by integration/differentiation in what my mates joyously called sums lessons (Maths A level).
 
Thanks for the response.

I follow what you are saying but I think it's possible I am getting over pedantic over the definition of acceleration that I learned at school (many years ago!).

Acceleration and Vectors were constantly drilled into us during physics classes and followed up by integration/differentiation in what my mates joyously called sums lessons (Maths A level).

Yeah. Technically, from the reference frame of the body being orbited, the accelerometers are being accelerated - but relative to the ship's own reference frame, they are not. And since their reference frame is the same as the ship's, they will measure zero acceleration even though, from the frame of reference of an observer, they are being accelerated around in an orbit.
 
The sunned stamp has a soft gumming, the out of sun stamp has firm gumming.

Ok. So your stamp* has been exposed to visible light, UV and infrared energy, and maybe the odd cosmic ray. Of any changes observed in the stamp, which changes do you attribute to each type of EM radiation? And how do you come to those conclusions? Is the type, amount and duration of exposure equivalent to what would be experienced on an Apollo mission? How do you reach those conclusions? Do you have a stamp or stamps from Apollo 15 to compare?


* Do you really plan to have a sample size of one?
 
Here's a bit more, a good way to work through some of this. GENERAL RELATIVITY'S EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE wants to argue that in principle, one cannot discern if she is in a gravitational field or is simply accelerating, the two are said to be=equivalent.

But alas, there is a way to tell if one is standing on the earth in a box, or being pulled at 32 feet per second per second through the vacuum of space in a closed box.

See if you can see a way someone could tell the difference, standing on the earth in a box vs being pulled through space at an acceleration of 32 feet per second squared. It's a great exercise, thought experiment to play with, and one that pays great dividends in the understanding of its solution. Think about dropping things from different positions in the box and measuring where EXACTLY IT IS THAT THEY LAND ON THE "FLOOR".
If the box were large enough you might build a Foucault pendulum inside and demonstrate that it revolves over time.

Of course that doesn't demonstrate any failing in the equivalence between remaining still in a gravitational field or accelerating. It merely shows that seeming to remain still is deceptive when we are sitting on the surface of a revolving planet.
 
You could add the slow changes in motion to the accelerating box and make the Foucault pendulum behave the same way as a box on the surface of a rotating planet.
 
The weather was nice, so I took the weekend off to be out in the desert before it really and truly becomes a desert. Sorry if this is a repeat of the pending arguments our newcomer has posed.

It is suspicious that Neil Armstrong photographed before taking contingency sample
The allegation is that because the lunar surface checklist called for Armstrong to obtain the contingency sample before retrieving the camera and taking pictures, and Armstrong did these steps out of order and never gave an accounting for it, it is a suspicious portion of the Apollo record. The premise given later is that the checklist and astronaut drills should have been considered involiable or at least second-nature, hence Armstrong's behavior is suspicious. That NASA never called him to account for that behavior is allegedly further suspicious.

The premise that checklists and training drills were sacrosanct fails logically because it is a begged question. It fails factually because information was provided that NASA considered no such thing. In fact, information was provided that NASA's belief was actually to the contrary. Hence there is nothing suspicious about Armstrong going "off script."

The premise that Armstrong never accounted for his behavior is factually false. Citations to the appropriate debriefing were provided.

This claim seems to be abandoned without being withdrawn or conceded.

There exists a trove of documents to be declassified and made available in 2026, and they will shed unfavorable light on Apollo's authenticity
The allegation is that Lyndon Johnson classified such documents, that they will be declassified in the year given, and that they relate at least in part to Apollo.

None of these premises was substantiated by any form of evidence. They remain speculation. The proponent seems to recognize this and although he characterizes his belief as speculation, he does return to that statement of belief quite often. If it is to be considered a premise to or background for some other claim, it must be substantiated in all three elements (existence, subject matter, and release date).

Function of Apollo guidance system
The proponent made specific claims about how Apollo's guidance system worked. Specifically the claim was that it updated the state vector by integrating acceleration to arrive at velocity, the integrating velocity to arrive at position. A correction was given, specifically that due to the design of the Apollo guidance platform, acceleration during powered flight was reckoned outside the computer and presented to the software as velocity.

The proponent pressed the issue and changed the argument to be allegedly one of how those quantities relate abstractly in Newtonian physics. This is a correct assessment of Newtonian physics, but it is still incorrect to imply that the AGC implements the abstract model verbatim. In fact this is a common mistake made by people who try to understand production hardware based on cursory examination of the underlying basic principles.

The relevance of this claim to Apollo would seem to be that the prevailing discussion of Apollo here at JREF recently has emphasized the guidance system as a fertile ground for claims that it could not or did not work.

The propenent appears to be continuing to ignore his original claim in favor of trying to foist the straw man as "indisputable fact" that his critics must respect. We await commentary on the original claim.

Effect of "radiation" on Apollo 15 first-edition covers
It was proposed that the stamps Apollo 15 exposed to the space environment should, if authentic, exhibit observable properties. The proponent was asked several questions regarding this methodology, during which questioning he either ignored the questions, answered that he did not know how it work, or made answers that got wrong some basic scientific facts such as the nature of the radiation allegedly involved, its strength and other physical properties, and its expected or likely effect.

The proponent offered an experiment he said would validate the hypothesis, but refused to explain exactly how. He conducted the experiment anyway and reported the results, but has not explained how this constitutes any sort of valid scientific methodology to vet the method he propose to use to test the Apollo 15 stamps for authenticity. Nor does he explain how or why he would have access to those specimens.

This claim seems to be a going concern, but the proponent seem uninterested in critics' concerns and questions.
 
Hm, true. Where am I getting Hans?


You've got it from me.

We all know the "shining code", where a lot of hints are shown, that Stanley Kubrick was involved.

I found a new sublingual message in the scene, where Wendy discovered, that Jack typed nothing else than "All work and no play, makes Jack a dull boy".

It begins at 1 min 03 sec and ends at 1 min 48 sec

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeOevu4zC5o

Do you see it ?

regards Hans
 
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