History of anarchist communist societies
There have been several attempts both successful and unsuccessful at creating anarchist-communist societies throughout much of the world. Some anarchist-communists, especially
Anarcho-primitivism forms of the theory argue that tribal societies are early forms of anarchist-communism. Egalitarian religious communities such as the Diggers Movement during the
English Revolution could arguably be the first anarchist communist societies in modern history. Large communities and federations of communities such as
Anarchist Catalonia and the
Free Territory of revolutionary Ukraine are examples of anarchist-communism in 20th century Europe. The free territories of Hungary during the
Hungarian Revolution of 1956 could be seen as another example of large-scale successful anarcho-communism.
The Korean Anarchist Movement in North and South Korea led by
Kim Jwa Jin showed a temporary success in bringing anarcho-communism to Korea. However, the success was short-lived and not nearly as widely spread as the anarchism in Spain or Hungary. Some consider the current existing anarchist nature of communities in
Argentina and the
Zapatista councils in Mexico to be anarcho-communist in nature. Others consider them to be collectivist or syndicalist.
Some parts of the
free software community, the
GNU movement and parts of the
copyleft movement are a type of information and software gift economy (a gift economy being the preferred economic system of anarcho-communists). Programmers make their
source code available, allowing anyone to copy and modify/improve the code. Individual programmers gain prestige and respect, and the community as a whole benefits from better software. Markus Giesler in his ethnography "Consumer Gift Systems" has developed music downloading as a system of social solidarity based on gift transactions.
[66] [67] Some organizations such as online commons (such as the
Wikimedia Commons), wikis and
Indymedia are held up as examples of functioning anarcho-communistic organizations.