I tend to agree with you conceptually that in theory enough microevolutionary steps can be combined to obtain a macroevolutionary change. Where I think we differ in this view point is that I think that natural selection will limit these microevolutionary changes and not allow an organism to diverge too far from its genetic optimum. We see this effect for example with dog breeding. Particular traits are selected for by breeders and in this process, peculiar health problems often arise from this human induced selective pressure. As soon as that pressure is removed and these “pure bred” dogs are allowed to breed with mutts, these features (and peculiar health problems) tend to disappear.
I think I see the point you're trying to make. Here's another example of it - there are populations in Africa where sickle-cell anemia has become quite prevalent. Because of the local environment, sickle-cell anemia is selected for. When those people leave that environment for one where the selective pressure is different, and there is very little malaria for instance, the gene for sickle-cell anemia is selected against.
Sure. What I don't quite get is how you decide which population - the one with a high incidence of the sickle-cell gene, or the one with a low incidence, is the one at the "optimum". Taking the former, for instance, it's entirely possible that they will continue to co-evolve with the parasite responsible for malaria for millions of years. In those millions of years, the physiology of these individuals will have changed enough that some genes might arise that can make use of this new physiology in other ways, unrelated to malaria, that are selected for. If a population carrying these genes then finds itself in an environment free of malaria, those genes that were originally selected because they conferred an advantage against malaria, but which are now relied upon for these new physiological processes (whatever they may be it makes no difference, except that they be adaptive for some reason other than conferring resistance to malaria) will not necessarily be selected against.
Looking at the latter, the opposite is also true - they could continue to evolve free of malaria for millions of years. Genes that couldn't arise in an environment in which malaria is a major danger, because their benefit is outweighed by the added danger they cause by making you even more prone to malaria (maybe some sort of change to the immune system that makes you better at fighting some diseases, but worse at fighting others, including malaria) could arise here.
After time, other genes will be arising in an environment in which this new gene already exists, and some will become dependent upon the physiology that it creates.
So that, again, if a population of individuals carrying all of these new genes is exposed to malaria, some of the genes that initially would have made individuals more prone to malaria (and perhaps still do), won't necessarily be selected against, because the benefit they confer to other new genes is now more important than the harm they confer by making you less resistant to malaria.
In dogs, I doubt there has been time for the evolution of genes that rely upon say, the genes responsible for being very large in great danes, for instance, but which themselves just code for some digestive enzyme or other, to have evolved.