Continuation Part Eight: Discussion of the Amanda Knox/Raffaele Sollecito case

[Bill Williams]

Long live the Hurricane

A long time champion in the ring, and for the wrongfully convicted has died. Long live The Hurricane!

http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/rubin-hurricane-carter-dead-at-76-1.2616026

How can the life of such a man
Be in the palm of some fool's hand?
To see him obviously framed
Couldn't help but make me feel ashamed
To live in a land where justice is a game

Now, all the criminals in their coats and their ties
Are free to drink Martinis and watch the sun rise
While Rubin sits like Buddha in a ten foot cell
An innocent man in a living hell

Yes, that's the story of the Hurricane
But it won't be over till they clear his name
And give him back the time he's done
Put in a prison cell, but one time he could've been
The champion of the world

 

[Bill Williams]

That shows one of the key differences between the guilter sites and the skeptics sites. Here we attack each others theories mercilessly because it is only through critical analysis and open debate that we have any hope of settling on the truth. There it's all about patting each other on the back.

We reached the conclusion of innocence not because we started there and found evidence to support our belief but because the evidence excludes all but the most insane theories of guilt. Even the guilters won't venture to put forward a complete theory that fits the known facts.

I've noticed!!!!

 

[Grinder]

Kaosium - are you seriously saying that Introna was being schooled by the provincial coroner on T(lag) time?

What possible difference does Lalli saying that the length of digestion time is 2-3 or 3-4 hours make to the head of the department of forensic medicine at Bari University in his analysis.

Introna's self described expertise: Professor of legal medicine at the University of Bari, the Director of the school of specialization in Federated University of Bari and Foggia University, obviously I'm a specialist in forensic medicine. Are the only specialist in Italy specializing in forensic pathology in America ready for operation in America as coroner.

I must say that it seems some Italian thinking has rubbed of when we get a meal of 500 cc is compatible with a girl the size of Meredith and therefore probable

I ask one more time for a link to a study or any reasonably reliable site that gives a maximum time for gastric emptying to begin.

RW - as I recall the piece of apple or mushroom was discussed but never nailed down. IIRC some speculatioin went on about whether there were mushrooms in the cottage frig.

In the autopsy, Dr. Lalli noted the following: "... oesophagus containing a fragment apparently a piece of mushroom (page 46) ... stomach containing 500 cc alimentary bolus, green brown in which were recognizable caseosis (mozzarella?) and vegetable fibre ... empty duodenum, small intestine containing digested material in the last loop ...‛ (pages 47 and 48 of report.

These claims were essentially repeated at the hearing on April 3, 2009 (see pages 36 and following the hearing transcripts, April 3, 2009) in which the presence of a fragment of mushroom in the opening of the lower stretch of oesophagus was confirmed, thus in a phase of non-digestion; Dr. Lalli specified that [110] death was considered as occurring not more than two to three hours after eating (page 47 of the hearing transcript, and the adjustment described in the footnote on February 13, 2008). He stated that the emptying of the stomach occurs between a minimum of two hours and a maximum of four hours after the meal is consumed (page 62, transcripts) and also confirmed that the duodenum was empty (page 63). Answering specific questions from the defence of Raffaele Sollecito, Dr. Lalli stated that death
116
had intervened two to three hours after eating (page 47), while reaffirming that the emptying of the stomach generally occurs between two hours and a maximum of 4 hours after eating (page 62, hearing on April 3, 2009). He added, however, that the digestive process is influenced by many factors like the type of meal, cold, stress, physical conditions and so on, and that to his knowledge there were no reliable studies that could establish "by how much the digestive process can be changed by these factors" (page 86).

We know that he weigh Meredith and all here acknowledge that was a fundamental mistake. Is it possible he made other mistakes? Chris doesn't believe his work on the BAC. Would Introna have a reason to challenge the duodenum findings of his? Given that the earlier TOD helped his client I would say no.

As for the alibi, of course that is one element in a trial where the defendant must prove it. Having one person interacting with a computer and saying they were with another certainly isn't proof beyond a reasonable doubt. And yes alibis need to be solid.

Is there more on the Naruto from back in 2008. That would be absolutely convincing with the computer forensic work done on Raf's computer.

 

[Bill Williams]

Peter Quennell says of Machiavelli's bathmat analysis

Yummi’s great post could have been subtitled “beyond a reasonable doubt” as this one key area of the evidence could all by itself have seen US and UK juries vote for guilt.

Assuming that is his real name, then I think his statement should be critically analysed.

I reckon this is one fuzzy footprint, and PQ should be hauled in front of a grand jury American style before getting away with this. Clearly I do not understand American process, but I am sure posters here can elucidate.

Machiavelli also says that all of Seattle is in the thrall of Mafia-like Omerta for not talking about the April Fools prank Knox once participated in. He also says that the "I was there" comment that Knox made to her mother, a comment secretly recorded by the Perugian law authorities, is "mafia-code" for admiting she was at the cottage, rather than at Raffaele's apartment.

Machiavelli also says that on analysing Knox's writings, he could determine that she could choose not to sleep and be immune from sleep-deprivation. Therefore she was rested and raring to go at interrogation to pull the wool over the eyes of seasoned investigators.

What else? He could tell she was guilty when he first saw her in court - because of his own theatre training. Machiavelli also defends Giuliano Mignini going to a conference titled, "Satanism and the Law," where Mignini said one cannot ever rule out the effect of Satanism on a case. One had to keep an open mind.

He also says that Judge Hellmann was bought off by American media interests, and that the Masons were the vehicle of the bribe offered to the judge. Machiavelli claims to know the actual number of euros it took to bribe Hellmann.

 

[anglolawyer]

That shows one of the key differences between the guilter sites and the skeptics sites. Here we attack each others theories mercilessly because it is only through critical analysis and open debate that we have any hope of settling on the truth. There it's all about patting each other on the back.

We reached the conclusion of innocence not because we started there and found evidence to support our belief but because the evidence excludes all but the most insane theories of guilt. Even the guilters won't venture to put forward a complete theory that fits the known facts.

This certainly deserves a merciless attack.

 

[kwill]

This certainly deserves a merciless attack.

Agree. Beginning with this bit:

He didn't undress her, the clothes just came off as he was trying to move her.

A small bedroom. A dying young woman. A fit young man dragging the dying young woman a distance of less than 10 feet. And her pants, jacket, and underwear just slip off in the process??

What?

 

[Bruce Fischer]

That's the whole point of the scenario I presented. He didn't undress her, the clothes just came off as he was trying to move her. You are trying to ascribe normal behaviors to Guede when his actions are so far outside norm we don't have a measure for them. Why would anybody undress a girl the was dying after they slit her throat?

Meredith's clothes did not just come off. Guede took them off. No one is trying to ascribe normal behaviors to Guede. Murdering and sexually assaulting a woman is not a normal behavior.

I'm simply trying to account for the fact that the underpants were rolled which indicates they were pulled down when the pants were pulled off. If he were trying to undress her the tshirts would not have gotten rolled up. And if he had removed the jacked and then rolled up the tshirts he would not have them reverted to brute strength to remove the bra but rather unclipped it and taken it off intact. All of resulting evidence is accounted for by the simple motions of a zombie trying to move her body. It may not be probable for the underpants to come all the way off in that scenario. I would expect them to end up on her left leg after the third lift that tore off the bra. Perhaps at that point it simply looked out of place and rather than try to put them back on the zombie Guede pulled them the rest of the way off.

I do not believe that pulling a pair of jeans off a person from the cuffs of the pants would pull the underwear all the way off.

Do you have a visualization problem? Try visualizing this scenario: 1) Meredith Kercher's mostly lifeless body 2) Lying with a pillow under her pelvis 3) Semen deposited on the pillow between her legs 4) And a foot steping in that fresh semen deposit and transferring it to the centr of the pillow. Were you able to visualize all of that or is your visualization stack limited and you dropped number 1 before getting to number 4? I covered this in the earlier post. If Rudy deposited semen on that pillow it was done before Meredith was placed there. That almost necessitates that it happened before Meredith came home unless you accept Rudy's claim that he had a date and they were just fooling around.

I do not have a visualization problem at all. I think you have the visualization problem. Meredith is not centered on the pillow. Guede could have stepped on the pillow after he assaulted her as he was putting the duvet over her body. Look where the pillow is. The duvet was also tucked under her body on one side. He may have tried to pull on it to put it over her.

We have no idea what Guede's exact actions were. We do know that the semen looking substance was stepped in by Guede.

Are you saying that sexual assault of a dying incapacitated girl seems logical? The whole of the evidence of sexual assault is that Meredith was naked and Rudy's DNA was found inside her. Any attempted sexual assault puts Rudy very close to this spurting neck wound and Meredith coughing out blood. Rudy would have blood spray all over his upper body. I just don't see that hapening in any reality. The most I can see is digital penetration and I don't see any rational for that so I posit the accident.

I do not post here often but this scenario got my attention. Trying to claim that Meredith's clothes just fell off and that Guede sexually assaulted her on accident, has to be one of the most off the wall scenarios I have heard over the past 4 years.

The arrow points to where the possible semen was found. Look at how much of the surface of the pillow is not under Meredith. Guede could have easily stepped on the pillow when positioning Meredith as he was covering her. Like I said, we don't know what his exact actions were.

I find it appalling that so many people have made excuses for Guede. The man murdered and sexually assaulted a young woman. Then he went out dancing at a club. He is a despicable person that will be out of prison soon.

 

[Grinder]

deleted duplicate

 

[Grinder]

Nice win for Fulham on the 12th!

This site has some interesting information on digestion

The myths link while not addressing our specifics gives an idea how little is known precisely (Anglo go check your Galati )

Here's one: The frequency of bowel movements among normal, healthy people varies from three a day to three a week, and some perfectly healthy people fall outside both ends of this range. Nevertheless, even three bowel movements a day can be abnormal in someone who usually has one bowel movement a day. People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may have fluctuating numbers of stools each day as well as fluctuating consistency of their stools.

While still trying to find good info on gastric emptying start times this made me think how varied it might be. Not just between different meals but also between people eating exactly the same.

Someone mentioned that Meredith wasn't feeling well. I don't remember the testimony but she could easily have been way hungover. Seemingly she was a heavy drinker something that is know to cause constipation. Does the constipation start in the stomach or is it only in the intestines?

This from another site:

Gastric Emptying Scan

The gastric emptying scan is the most commonly used test to diagnose gastroparesis. There are several variations of the test depending on which medical center performs it.

Preparation:

For this test, the patient is instructed to not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before and to avoid certain medications the day of the test. Some meds can affect the accuracy of the test results.

Before the test, the patient is given a meal with a trace of radioactive markers in it. The most common food used is eggs and toast, but often oatmeal or other foods are provided. A small amount of water or juice may also accompany the meal. This meal should be eaten within a certain timeframe in order to ensure the most accurate results.

During the test:

The GES typically lasts anywhere from 90 minutes to 6 hours. Images of the rate at which the food is digested are taken at certain intervals, often at the first half hour, then every half hour-hour after that. In most instances, the patient is allowed to return to the waiting room in between images. It is believed that the 4-6 hour tests are the most accurate. Many people may have normal results with the 90 minute test, but show delayed emptying during the 4-6 hour version.


This site is very interesting

Data acquisition is performed for 60-120 minutes either as continuous or intermittent imaging (Fig. 1). In cases where there is prolonged retention of material within the stomach, even more delayed images up to 3 hours may be required. Measurement of the half emptying time, or time required by the stomach to empty 50% of the ingested meal, is the simplest way to assess gastric transit. It is routinely and commonly used for clinical evaluation.

Another one:

OBJECTIVE:
The diagnosis of gastroparesis implies delayed gastric emptying. The diagnostic gold standard is scintigraphy, but techniques and measured endpoints vary widely among institutions. In this study, a simplified scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying was compared to conventional gastric scintigraphic techniques and normal gastric emptying values defined in healthy subjects.

METHODS:
In 123 volunteers (aged 19-73 yr, 60 women and 63 men) from 11 centers, scintigraphy was used to assess gastric emptying of a 99Tc-labeled low fat meal (egg substitute) and percent intragastric residual contents 60, 120, and 240 min after completion of the meal. In 42 subjects, additional measurements were taken every 10 min for 1 h. In 20 subjects, gastric emptying of a 99Tc-labeled liver meal was compared with that of the 99Tc-labeled low fat meal.

RESULTS:
Median values (95th percentile) for percent gastric retention at 60, 120, and 240 min were 69% (90%), 24% (60%) and 1.2% (10%) respectively. A power exponential model yielded similar emptying curves and estimated T50 when using images only taken at 1, 2 and 4 h, or with imaging taken every 10 min. Gastric emptying was initially more rapid in men but was comparable in men and women at 4 h; it was faster in older subjects (p < 0.05) but was independent of body mass index.

CONCLUSIONS:
This multicenter study provides gastric emptying values in healthy subjects based on data obtained using a large sample size and consistent meal and methodology. Gastric retention of >10% at 4 h is indicative of delayed emptying, a value comparable to those provided by more intensive scanning approaches. Gastric emptying of a low fat meal is initially faster in men but is comparable in women at 4 h; it is also faster in older individuals but is independent of body mass.

If Meredith wasn't ill or affected by something it would seem the emptying should have started far earlier than even 2.5 hours.

Now this may be the most interesting because it indicates to me that the gastric emptying may flatten out at the end.

Some patients with delayed emptying at 2 hours normalize their emptying at the 4 hour
time point and some individuals with normal emptying at 2 hours have delayed emptying at 4
hours (42Guo 2001, 43Zeissman). The clinical importance of delayed emptying at only certain
time points is unknown. There needs to be better understanding of the use of multiple time
points in combination (e.g., 2 and 4 hours). Data from Guo et al. suggest that the 3 hour time
period might be as sensitive as a four hour study in detecting delayed gastric emptying (42Guo et
al 1991). Although the original report for the Tougas et al data had no 3 hour measurement
point, more recent studies suggest the upper limit of normal is 28% gastric retention at 3 hoursafter meal ingestion (50Lin 2006). A recent study using the Tougas meal have shown that the 3
hour time point is nearly comparable to the 4 hour value in detecting patients with delayed
gastric emptying (50Lin 2006).

The upper limit of 28% after 3 hours certainly makes it hard to believe that she ate at 6 or even 6:30 and still had a completely full stomach.

 

[Grinder]

The picture with the two sets of feet is interesting. I wonder who was wearing the booties and who wasn't and why.

 

[Grinder]

This may be the best info yet on T(lag):

The lag phase is the time required for commencement of gastric emptying of solid
particles. It represents the time for solid food to be triturated into small particles that are then
passed through the pylorus. The lag phase can be measured as the time from meal ingestion to
first appearance of the radiolabeled solids in the proximal small bowel. This approach often
requires frequent imaging for at least the first 60 minutes of the gastric emptying study, as the normal values have been reported to be 20±10 minutes (SD) (43Ziessman 2007).

Normal value for T(lag) 10 to 30 minutes. Once again a time over 1 hour would indicate disease, a mistake or some other explanation rather than just slow digestion.

That's from Consensus Recommendations for Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy
A Joint Report of The Society of Nuclear Medicine and
The American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society*

 

[acbytesla]

That shows one of the key differences between the guilter sites and the skeptics sites. Here we attack each others theories mercilessly because it is only through critical analysis and open debate that we have any hope of settling on the truth. There it's all about patting each other on the back.

We reached the conclusion of innocence not because we started there and found evidence to support our belief but because the evidence excludes all but the most insane theories of guilt. Even the guilters won't venture to put forward a complete theory that fits the known facts.

The weird part of the bathmat, is that it really isn't good evidence. It's not a fingerprint with 20 points of similarity. It's not even a shoe print like Rudy's sneakers all over the cottage. No, it is a fuzzy footprint that could be countless people. In fact, we have seen only two other people's footprints, Rudy's and Raffaele's and from what I can tell it could be either of their feet...or hundred or thousands of other's people's feet. We never saw any other people's footprints. Beyond a reasonable doubt...hardly Peter. I mixed up the different prints of Raffaele and Rudy. And every single time I thought it was Rudy's footprint. That said, I couldn't conclusively say that was anyone's print. Only in the mind of a hardcore guilter is something that fuzzy ...beyond a reasonable doubt.

 

[acbytesla]

I must say that it seems some Italian thinking has rubbed of when we get a meal of 500 cc is compatible with a girl the size of Meredith and therefore probable

The meal was not 500cc. Grinder. It would be a mistake to say so. For example there is a lot of water in tomato sauce, apples mushrooms, even the dough of the meal has a significant amount water.

 

[Chris_Halkides]

2006 paper

I ask one more time for a link to a study or any reasonably reliable site that gives a maximum time for gastric emptying to begin.

SNIP

We know that he weigh Meredith and all here acknowledge that was a fundamental mistake. Is it possible he made other mistakes? Chris doesn't believe his work on the BAC. Would Introna have a reason to challenge the duodenum findings of his? Given that the earlier TOD helped his client I would say no.

Grinder,

Hellmig et al., give one data point at 200 minutes (see Figure 1D). With respect to alcohol, I think Lalli found the same value that anyone else would have found; but I still would rather have the vitreous or bladder number.

 

[Grinder]

I've read that they said she wasn't feeling well and didn't eat much as a result that night and it's why she went home early. I don't know exactly where it came from, perhaps their interviews with Mignini or something they said to the press or someone else like Follain. At any rate 500 cc is compatible with what a slender young woman like Meredith would consume, there's no real reason to think anything was missing. If it was 200 cc that was found you'd have a better argument.

The meal was not 500cc. Grinder. It would be a mistake to say so. For example there is a lot of water in tomato sauce, apples mushrooms, even the dough of the meal has a significant amount water.

Did someone say the meal was 500 cc sans water? Where did that come from?

But if you have an issue with the size of the meal take it up with Kaosium.

The coroner's report had 500 cc in her stomach which would include liquids. The issue is knowing how much she consumed because it has been contended that the whole meal was still in her stomach. If she ate more than 500 then some gastric emptying had started that LaLLi missed.

 

[Bruce Fischer]

The weird part of the bathmat, is that it really isn't good evidence. It's not a fingerprint with 20 points of similarity. It's not even a shoe print like Rudy's sneakers all over the cottage. No, it is a fuzzy footprint that could be countless people. In fact, we have seen only two other people's footprints, Rudy's and Raffaele's and from what I can tell it could be either of their feet...or hundred or thousands of other's people's feet. We never saw any other people's footprints. Beyond a reasonable doubt...hardly Peter. I mixed up the different prints of Raffaele and Rudy. And every single time I thought it was Rudy's footprint. That said, I couldn't conclusively say that was anyone's print. Only in the mind of a hardcore guilter is something that fuzzy ...beyond a reasonable doubt.

The new write-up on TJMK is an example of how the bathmat can be manipulated because it was not made on a smooth surface.

Yummi first claims that the big toe only looks like Guede's because the lower area of the carpet did not pick up his print. Then he later claims that the print shows the curvature of Raffaele's foot beneath his toes. If you look you will see that those curves are caused by the carpet pile.

Yummi blames the carpet pile for causing a distortion making the print look like Guede, then he later claims that a distortion in another area looks like Raffaele. This reasoning does not work.

Vinci did a good job of measuring the print compared to Raffaele and Guede and made a good argument that the print is not compatible with Raffaele.

http://murderofmeredithkercher.com/rudy-guede-bathmat-footprint/

I imagine that we could take 100 prints of different male feet with a similar shoe size and argue that there are many good matches. The print is not definitive. If you compare the 2 men in question, I would argue the print resembles Guede, based on Vinci. Your point about this not being good evidence is right on.

 

[Grinder]

Grinder,

Hellmig et al., give one data point at 200 minutes (see Figure 1D). With respect to alcohol, I think Lalli found the same value that anyone else would have found; but I still would rather have the vitreous or bladder number.

Take a look some of the stuff posted above.

Here is the best I think:

This may be the best info yet on T(lag):

The lag phase is the time required for commencement of gastric emptying of solid
particles. It represents the time for solid food to be triturated into small particles that are then
passed through the pylorus. The lag phase can be measured as the time from meal ingestion to
first appearance of the radiolabeled solids in the proximal small bowel. This approach often requires frequent imaging for at least the first 60 minutes of the gastric emptying study, as the normal values have been reported to be 20±10 minutes (SD) (43Ziessman 2007).

Normal value for T(lag) 10 to 30 minutes. Once again a time over 1 hour would indicate disease, a mistake or some other explanation rather than just slow digestion.

That's from Consensus Recommendations for Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy
A Joint Report of The Society of Nuclear Medicine and
The American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society*​

As for the alcohol did Mignini or Stefanoni prevent him from doing the tests you prefer? If not, then would you say it was sloppy work on the part of LaLLi?

At the time of the autopsy no one could know what information would be the most important, TOD or BAC.

I'm guessing that most coroners do a lot more BAC work than GE work.

 

[Grinder]

I imagine that we could take 100 prints of different male feet with a similar shoe size and argue that there are many good matches. The print is not definitive. If you compare the 2 men in question, I would argue the print resembles Guede, based on Vinci. Your point about this not being good evidence is right on.

You just don't understand Italian thinking. Three compatibles equals a match. You have the bathmat print, the "bloody" footprints and the mixed blood which equals a match - and that doesn't even count the DNA.

I have long maintained that it is logical fail to say that the bathmat print must be either Rudi's or Raf's - the print should have been put in a lineup of 10 reference prints that were basically similar in size and shape to it and the jury should have been asked if it matched one, definitely.

 

[acbytesla]

The new write-up on TJMK is an example of how the bathmat can be manipulated because it was not made on a smooth surface.

Amazing.... something on that website that I agree with.

Yummi first claims that the big toe only looks like Guede's because the lower area of the carpet did not pick up his print. Then he later claims that the print shows the curvature of Raffaele's foot beneath his toes. If you look you will see that those curves are caused by the carpet pile.

Yummi blames the carpet pile for causing a distortion making the print look like Guede, then he later claims that a distortion in another area looks like Raffaele. This reasoning does not work.

Of course it doesn't. The same issue causes problems with any analysis. You have to speculate on what you can't see. The bath mat is a fuzzy, uneven surface. It's also unlikely that the foot that made the bathmat print had an even amount of blood covering the entire foot or the killer was standing with even pressure on his feet. The transfer of the blood from the foot to bathmat is not equal or even, it's a mess. I don't think it is Raffaele's yet I must admit, I do see some similarities.

Vinci did a good job of measuring the print compared to Raffaele and Guede and made a good argument that the print is not compatible with Raffaele.

http://murderofmeredithkercher.com/rudy-guede-bathmat-footprint/

While I find Vinci to be persuasive Bruce, I honestly didn't find his analysis to be any more conclusive. I decided to rely on my own eyes. And after a lot of time staring at these images, my personal conclusion was....... I can't tell.

I imagine that we could take 100 prints of different male feet with a similar shoe size and argue that there are many good matches. The print is not definitive. If you compare the 2 men in question, I would argue the print resembles Guede, based on Vinci. Your point about this not being good evidence is right on.

Exactly, I think it does slightly more resemble Rudy's foot than that of Raffaele's. But that is hardly conclusive. While I think this print might be of use to eliminate a suspect. But of course in Italy, they would just say there were more people involved in the crime....never actually eliminating anyone....just as in Raffaele provides an alibi to Amanda and then they just add him as a suspect.

 

[Bill Williams]

You just don't understand Italian thinking. Three compatibles equals a match. You have the bathmat print, the "bloody" footprints and the mixed blood which equals a match - and that doesn't even count the DNA.

I have long maintained that it is logical fail to say that the bathmat print must be either Rudi's or Raf's - the print should have been put in a lineup of 10 reference prints that were basically similar in size and shape to it and the jury should have been asked if it matched one, definitely.

On page 300 of the Massei motivations report, Massei seems to be well on his way to saying that the footprint on blood on the mat is Amanda's. Yes, Amanda's. He talks about how the bare footprint proves that whoever it was in the bedroom killing Meredith must have had bare feet, and must have stepped in blood in the bedroom. (This is also the reasoning Massei employs in saying there had to have been a clean-up in the short section of hallway between the bedroom and the bathroom, or else Massei admits to being at a loss to explain how that one, lone print got on the mat.)

The above
observation leads to the deduction that whoever went into the bathroom at that
point (after the stabbing of Meredith) must have had to do so to clean him/herself of
Meredith’s blood with which he/she was staining the various things he/she touched
or leaned against: the door, the light switch, the mat. And it is probable - not
necessary, but probable - that during the following act of scrubbing the hands to
remove the blood, he/she left the mixed trace consisting of Meredith’s blood and of
cells which had been removed by rubbing during the act of washing. An entirely
probable outcome given the likelihood of the act of scrubbing, yet not a necessary
one, since the running water which was used in the shower stall or in the bidet or in
the sink, or in several of these sanitary fittings, might well have rinsed away the
washed-up blood and the cells which had been lost during this washing.

Massei's theory of Knox's "biological material" mixed in with Meredith's blood is based solely on Massei's pseudo-reasoning that this biological material came off of Amanda during the process of her scraping Meredith's blood off of her. He seems (on page 300 at least) to not rule out that the footprint is Amanda's!

On page 375, Massei quotes the Scientific Police as expressing an, "opinion of probable identity" that it is Raffaele's, and that they had excluded wither of the other two accused.

But on page 376 Massei goes into a long analysis that quotes another expert who criticises the identification of the footprint on the mat by "image analysis only." This expert, Professor Vinci, is summarized by Massei in a convoluted narrative of the "science" of all this, and by the time page 381 rolls around, Massei seems to conclude that the best his court can do is simply not rule out the footprint as being Raffaele's, nor simply assume that it is Guede's.