It's hard to say, and lacking the ability of better information, I stop short of judging individuals in history and just list what we can at the least confirm; what we can at the least confirm is that they understood things rather differently in regards to what was agreed upon; as Galatians highlights.
I see it like this: Paul agrees when he offers "the hand of friendship" to James, that he will not preach to Jews, only Gentiles. He tells us this in a letter, doesn't he?
Many of Paul's letters show he has every intention of preaching to Jews as well as Gentiles. To free them from their curse.
Paul boasts of his skills at presenting himself differently to different audiences and how he is running the race to win, not just flapping around. He presents himself as a liar. I believe him.
Well, firstly, we have to understand that Pauline concepts are inferred through letters and epistles, not by a gospel.
As such, we can't do a direct comparison like we can between the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Mark, or the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of John.
With Paul it is more like we have a pastor's notes and letters from 1800's and nothing else, and from this we can compare sympathies and contrasts against concepts in other texts, or more specifically, other dogmas of the same family.
So in Paul, I cannot give a direct comparison, but instead, I can show you how we can see what Paul understood of the same concepts.
As such, I point to Romans 14 for this comparison.
In Romans 14 we can understand that Paul would see the concept as to not push the beliefs upon others who do not open to them, but to only spend time on those willing to listen and learn; for he fears that spending the quality of the good on those who see it as vial as a return of only loss and further harm to the reputation of the ideology and community.
This is Paul's understanding of the same idea.
Where Jesus may have very well understood the concept to be far more divisional and much more a statement to not bother with non-Hebrews in general, assuming them to be incapable of understanding or appreciating the concepts, Paul sees it free (as Paul does in all things) from race or culture and instead creates a sliding curve akin to Epicurean ethics; that if it is viewed as vial by one, then do not press it further, as it is not good for that which is good to be seen as evil - thereby, do not spend time on those who see what you hold as vial.
I blame spell check, I assume you mean "vile" as in "repugnant", not "vial" as in "small glass bottle".
OK, as I see it, we kind of agree that Paul puts a more inclusive spin on it than was originally there.
Don't get me wrong here, I'm not saying I don't prefer Paul's loving forgiving God-Man over the Zealot's Conquering Avenging Primal Adam (whatever). I much prefer a religion of tolerance and equality to the Zealots Xenophobic bigotry.
I think Paul was a liar who didn't believe a word of it, but was pushing it for Political reasons. Just like career Politicians and Televangelists today can profess to believe anything if it gets them enough votes/viewers.
I would like to understand the reasons, as I cannot sympathize with what's been given so far.
Maybe for a different thread. But I'm not too worried about strict definitions and boundaries between these classifications. Essenes could be Zealous. Some could be Sicari Zealous. I understand it was more like a continuum than isolated groups.
As to the academic controversy over the release of the scrolls, I don't really care if people got upset. The important thing is that the DSS themselves and what is written on them do not belong to a single person or institution. They are part of our common human heritage like the Pyramids or Stonehenge, the Ecole Biblique had no right to withhold them for so long. /rant.
Herod shows no signs in any other regard to this kind of behavior.
Herod took over and just started wiping people out and establishing his rule.
Herod was very much an embodiment of the 'Morning Star' idiom of the Hebrew peoples.
I can't actually think of a single move that Rome made that could have more guaranteed the downfall of the Jewish stability.
Of course, I equally can't think of a single way for Rome to have ever held onto Judea in general; the Hebrew people really wanted sovereignty, and their rightful culture in solidarity.
Herod was the antithesis of this.
I see nothing compelling me to believe that Herod was actively after James anywhere in anyone's notes, nor that Herod was just hoping James would quietly go away.
OK a couple of points: Which Herod? There were several, some were worse than others. Sometimes they were too busy fighting amongst themselves to do much else.
To the Establishment James represented the masses. He was "The Zaddikk" of his generation. Like Honi before him. He prayed for rain. Except James was praying for the rain of the Lord's Vengeance from the Clouds Of Heaven.
The High Priests knew he was a threat, but they didn't have a standing army. All they could do was hire Thugs like Costobarus and Saulus to persecute and try to discourage others from joining.
To the Romans it was all an internal Religious matter and besides they were busy elsewhere.
James doesn't appear to be a militant figure in the historical record (in fact, in some records, he's even allowed in the Holly of Hollies, as on equal qualifications as a High Priest - unconfirmed); we don't find anyone hunting for this man, or accounting for him in such a fashion of militant movements.
There's just nothing noting a militant style of James anywhere that we look around, unless we really go out of our way to cut the puzzle pieces ourselves so that the pieces fit to make the puzzle image of a militant James.
I'm guessing that's because he died before the war started. He may even have been a calming influence on the more hot-headed elements within the movement. War followed pretty quickly after he died. (whether or not Josephus said James' death was the proximate cause)
The title doesn't mean much to me.
That he was called any specific title as that does not tell me anything about his infamy as a militant rebel leader; if anything it somewhat lowers the odds.
For if he was well enough known by such a name, then someone somewhere in some record would have bothered to mention the military campaigns.
I'm saying he was called "The Zaddikk" (or something like that) which was a title conferred by popular acclaim. Honi was called something similar. And Hillel. Meaning "The Righteous One". It wasn't an official title, just something people called the guy who they thought was the Holiest Priest west of the Euphrates.
Aside from stretching things in very, very tenuous means (and I mean, really...what we're asked to do by Eisenmann to consider this is much, much more than one or two points of accepting a twist on connecting dissociated dots and reading between the lines); we haven't any such evidence indicating a military campaign leader of James.
No James was the "Mebekker" (or something meaning "over-seer") of the camps during the "Time Of Preparation in the Wilderness". They were keeping their heads down, growing their numbers and building their arms supply. And above all else, not telling anyone outside the group about it.
We know this now, because we can read the DSS. Previous generations weren't so lucky.
I'm saying that's the implication of what you are suggesting because that's what it essentially states: that James had ruling power over peoples in these regions stretching these distances, even though no such uniformed presence or adherence to James is found present.
Just because groups existed in these regions who follow ideas similar to each other; this doesn't indicate that they were of the same following, and especially it doesn't indicate that they all followed James.
Maybe not, but if they are all following the same ideology, I don't see much of a difference.
Yes and no.
I think we can understand that some of these things in here would be sympathetic to James' ideology and way of thinking, but that it has been heavily ran over back and forth by many hands.
When I stated that we don't really have something from James, what I'm referring to is the massive absence of what we have of Paul.
Most of the reason that we have this one 'book' is because it, mostly, comes from Alexandrian groups who found value in it early on; specifically groups of Jews attempting to follow the more ascetic means James would probably have understood better than his understanding of Paul.
About the only solid thing we can find in this book is that it does help that it counters Paul's ideologies in most places, but not in all - and some editing has surely taken place that changed some of the tones.
OK.
Eisenman makes much of "The Damascus Document", which has only been found in two places: North Africa and in the DSS.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_Document
Does that connect these groups?
I strongly doubt this view is accurate.
Mark is a mid-point between James and Paul; having sympathies with both ideologies, but favoring neither all that well, as well as having its own distinct ideas from either ideological types (which permits it to be sympathized by "Gnostic" ideologies).
It is more like James' styles of ideology up to a point, but there's a somewhat new slant on it that is similar to Paulinism, but not exactly the same as Paulinism - that is, it is distinct.
Further, if we did grant Mark as Paulinist, then it would cripple the Herodian link as Mark is incredibly hard on the Herodians, taking plenty of opportunity to scorn them.
"Watch out for the yeast of the Pharisees and that of Herod.", for example.
Firstly, I know the little "just-so" story about gMark is from Church tradition, but I don't see how it contradicts any of what you say. That was kind of what I meant.
Mark contains some Paul and some James and some a bit confused. Exactly as if "Peter" had taken on board some of what Paul was saying, but slid back into some Jamesian ways after he and Barney quit the band.
"Watch out for the yeast of the Pharisees and that of Herod." - Still a bit of bad blood between Peter and his Pharisee friend Paul there? Paul does call himself a Pharisee several times, doesn't he? Pharisees were the guys in favour of accommodating Rome as the rulers weren't they? Like the Herodians?
I ask, because that is how Eisenman presents it.
These texts are rarely for the individuals within them, but instead for those reading and learning.
Jesus most certainly does address the issue in multiples of manners in just about every text, by pointing out things like the Sabbath, that the Law wasn't made to be the point, but to help the point; that if it stands in the way of the point, then to not concern over the issue and instead stay true to the point.
To declare that Jesus wasn't changing the way the Law was understood is to erase any point in Jesus philosophies being worth any notice by anyone at all.
The entire point of Jesus' philosophies are to notice the difference between the point of the Law, and the letter of it.
That's not just in Paul; that's in every gospel.
Where people become confused is in attempting to point out that Jesus states not removing anything from the Law; yes, he wasn't. The philosophy considered all of the issues of pedantic adherence to be things not of the Law, but of man adding to the Law and worshiping that adherence more than the point of the Law's morality.
It's in Mark, therefore it's in every Gospel. They all copy from Mark. Of all the Pauline teachings that Peter is definitely associated with "Table Fellowship" is the main one. Pete like bacon. Mark like bacon. Matthew, Luke, John like bacon. Therefore, all God's children love bacon. Hooray!
But it doesn't line up with the strict adherence to "The Law" in the Epistle of James (break one tiny rule and you have broken them all). Remember him? Brother of someone or other? James does not approve of bacon.
Lex Cornelia de Sicarius et Veneficis?
As in, the Law of murder and poisons/drugs?
Where exactly does this law discuss circumcision?
As far as I'm aware, that's a law regarding homicide and possibly a bit on some drugs and poisons, and we know hardly anything about it, as we never had an actual copy, but only inferences from others.
If he's relying on this for some tying in for his idea, that's not really giving me confidence in his methods.
That more sounds like someone looking for things in history which are not well known due to a lack of information in general about them, and then using that chance as an opportunity to draft convenient links between them since there's no real contest to the contrary due to the lack of information about it.
Yeah, the one called Cornelius, just like the Roman who did so many "great Things" for the Jews.
What do the Romans mean by:
?To the provisions of this law was subsequently added a senatusconsultum against mala sacrificia, otherwise called impia sacrificia, the agents in which were brought within the provisions of this lex.
Isn't circumcision a "mala sacrificia"? I'm not sure what the trial of water and fire is, but it doesn't sound pleasant. Then again, neither does circumcision...
