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What counts as a historical Jesus?

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I'd like to return to a rquest by davefoc which I lost track of, on account of the American holiday, and my energetic participation therein. First, I thank dave for his kind words.

But what about the evidence that is enough to sustain a view that an HJ probably existed?
In the same post, dave presented a list of three dimensions for such a case:

1. Opinion of experts
2. Paul's description of meeting with people that knew the HJ
3. There is some truth about an HJ that can be ascertained in the Gospels

Here are my thoughts, and I'm just speaking personally about how I ended up 60-40 in favor of a historical Jesus who might count.

Experts I give just about no weight to expert conclusions about the final question itself. However, their arguments, citations of evidence and attempts to reconcile Jesus stories with what is believed about life in the time and place are grist for the mill.

Paul and whom he said he met Paul never says unambiguously he met anybody who had met a flesh-and-blood Jesus. He does, at least to my satisfaction, say clearly enough that he met people who saw a risen Jesus. The question is when (if ever) had that Jesus died?

Combining those first two dimensions, one use I make of expert opinion is to figure out what Paul, a Pharisee, would have believed before and after meeting what he thought was a dead man risen. It seems he might have believed that the end of days had begun when that man rose. Since Paul expects the end of days to unfold at a crisp pace, I think it is likely that he believes them to have begun near the time of the earliest appearances. That would be about three days after the man died, and Paul thinks he met people to whom the risen phantom appeared.

It could be otherwise, but I'm not more than 60-40 anyway. That's how I read it. Paul thinks Jesus died in the time of living men.

Gospels I think the intersection of Mark and Paul has some additional information, if only as an indicator of how Mark interpreted what he may have read in Paul. For example, I am persuaded that Paul taught that Jesus said something like "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." That Mark says Jesus said it, at 14:38, doesn't by itself sway me, but Paul, in Romans 7: 13-25, seems to give an exegesis of the pithy saying, without attribution.

It could be, of course, that Mark read Romans, thought mistakenly that Paul was expounding on a saying of Jesus, or just that it would improve the story if he depicted Jesus saying something like that, and so found a place for a fabricated short saying in a fabricated story. But again, this is what "60-40" means to me. More likely than not, the dead guy whom Paul was talking about had taught religion, IMO.

Finally, although I do not take much of John at face value, I give some weight to his claim to rely on an eyewitness for the crucifixion and a visionary after-death visitation (chapter 21). I also give some weight to Luke's expressed understanding that there were, once upon a time, not so long before, eyewitnesses. At the very least, the story that reaches Luke appears to have been of a real man who had lived within a generation or two of Luke, in a real place.

The evidence is painfully slim, and so, as always when there is little evidence, my conclusion reflects my sense of how the world works generally. But those are the chief arguments that take what little evidence there is, combine them with the modesty (I think) of what would count as a historical Jesus for me, to arrive at a personal 60-40 that such a man actually lived.
 
I'd like to return to a rquest by davefoc which I lost track of, on account of the American holiday, and my energetic participation therein. First, I thank dave for his kind words.


In the same post, dave presented a list of three dimensions for such a case:

1. Opinion of experts
2. Paul's description of meeting with people that knew the HJ
3. There is some truth about an HJ that can be ascertained in the Gospels

Here are my thoughts, and I'm just speaking personally about how I ended up 60-40 in favor of a historical Jesus who might count.

Experts I give just about no weight to expert conclusions about the final question itself. However, their arguments, citations of evidence and attempts to reconcile Jesus stories with what is believed about life in the time and place are grist for the mill.

Paul and whom he said he met Paul never says unambiguously he met anybody who had met a flesh-and-blood Jesus. He does, at least to my satisfaction, say clearly enough that he met people who saw a risen Jesus. The question is when (if ever) had that Jesus died?

Combining those first two dimensions, one use I make of expert opinion is to figure out what Paul, a Pharisee, would have believed before and after meeting what he thought was a dead man risen. It seems he might have believed that the end of days had begun when that man rose. Since Paul expects the end of days to unfold at a crisp pace, I think it is likely that he believes them to have begun near the time of the earliest appearances. That would be about three days after the man died, and Paul thinks he met people to whom the risen phantom appeared.

It could be otherwise, but I'm not more than 60-40 anyway. That's how I read it. Paul thinks Jesus died in the time of living men.

Gospels I think the intersection of Mark and Paul has some additional information, if only as an indicator of how Mark interpreted what he may have read in Paul. For example, I am persuaded that Paul taught that Jesus said something like "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." That Mark says Jesus said it, at 14:38, doesn't by itself sway me, but Paul, in Romans 7: 13-25, seems to give an exegesis of the pithy saying, without attribution.

It could be, of course, that Mark read Romans, thought mistakenly that Paul was expounding on a saying of Jesus, or just that it would improve the story if he depicted Jesus saying something like that, and so found a place for a fabricated short saying in a fabricated story. But again, this is what "60-40" means to me. More likely than not, the dead guy whom Paul was talking about had taught religion, IMO.

Finally, although I do not take much of John at face value, I give some weight to his claim to rely on an eyewitness for the crucifixion and a visionary after-death visitation (chapter 21). I also give some weight to Luke's expressed understanding that there were, once upon a time, not so long before, eyewitnesses. At the very least, the story that reaches Luke appears to have been of a real man who had lived within a generation or two of Luke, in a real place.

The evidence is painfully slim, and so, as always when there is little evidence, my conclusion reflects my sense of how the world works generally. But those are the chief arguments that take what little evidence there is, combine them with the modesty (I think) of what would count as a historical Jesus for me, to arrive at a personal 60-40 that such a man actually lived.

That's a well reasoned argument.

The flaw for me is that we don't actually know what Paul said. The first documentation has been found many years after the events could have happened. We know the propensity of believers to change inconvenient facts and their extreme reluctance to publish anything that conflicts with their belief. I am not claiming this definitely happened but that the probability of it happened is high.

The independent confirmation of an HJ is scarce and conflicted.

We know how beliefs can start and lose all reference to real events in a very short time.

To me, an HJ, is very low probability. There may have been a crucifixion of a preacher, there may have been a preacher called Jesus and that is as far as I can accept.
 
Could you let me have links or references to the sources which have enabled you to arrive at this concept of the Essenes? And could let me know if you're implying that the DSS community did these things to a significantly greater extent than other religious groups?

I'd like to see this also. There was an exchange between IanS and myself about this awhile ago and I didn't end up with a very good understanding of what his point was (not to say that it wasn't my fault).



We have discussed all this before, several times, with references and links etc.

I think this thread has reached a stage where it’s become quite pointless repeating all the same references, quotations, links, and titles of books etc., over and over again for those who either missed it all before or who have forgotten what was said many pages back.

However, in the specific case of dream interpretation - as I recall;- this is something that is revealed in a more-or-less unique form a literature discovered as a substantial part of the Dead Sea Scrolls, called the “Pesher" Commentaries (and probably in numerous other areas of the scroll writing too). See chapter 8 of the book by Hodge (1). No doubt you can find similar discussion of this in many other books on the scrolls.

It’s also something that Richard Carrier explained in a slightly different context and specifically relating to his explanation (and possibly Early Doherty’s explanation also), of the influence of the Greek Philosopher Euhemerus and the practice of Euhemerisation (see Wiki for links on that, but more particularly watch that Carrier link if you have not done so already).

I think it was even implied obliquely in passing in that link I gave earlier to John Huddleston answering some very general questions from Richard Dawkins, where Huddlestun explains why little if any of the OT or NT writing is really reliable in any sense as historical fact.

To appreciate that situation further, you probably have to recognise the enormous influence that Greek, Persian, and later Roman culture and religious beliefs had on all aspects of Jewish society, inc. the religious thinking in that region from at least circa.300BC as it lead up to and including the time when Paul was preaching his visions in terms a real Jesus (who he knew nothing about) as an apocalyptic Son of God in fulfilment of the inerrancy of his interpretation of OT scriptures.



Apparently there are some parts of the DSS that are similar to sections of the NT. That was interesting, but what to make of that fact? I would like to see what those sections of the DSS are again. There is also the teacher of righteousness stuff that IanS believes supplies an early example of a Jesus type fellow? What are the ramifications of this fact with regards to the NT and what are some of the details about this guy?



The same book by Hodge (ref below) has a whole chapter on this. Rather than me trying to explain the entire contents of relevant books on the Dead Sea Scrolls, it should be easy enough to find a copy of that book for peanuts on eBay. That’s probably the best way to decide what you think of the connection between the scroll community, their beliefs and practices, and the later visionary beliefs and OT interpretations from Paul, and then later still from the gospel writers (notwithstanding however many gospels were by that time discarded as not being what the leaders of the Christian movement wished to believe).



1. Stephen Hodge, The Dead Sea Scrolls, Piatkus publ. ltd, London, 2001.
 
@IanS

I think this thread has reached a stage where it’s become quite pointless repeating all the same references, quotations, links, and titles of books etc., over and over again for those who either missed it all before or who have forgotten what was said many pages back.
That's a great pity. I hope I wouldn't treat such a request from you in that way. But of course you must respond as you think best.
 
@IanS

That's a great pity. I hope I wouldn't treat such a request from you in that way. But of course you must respond as you think best.


Well ... get a copy of the book by Hodge and read it for yourself (that's a very cheap and easy thing to do). Did you watch that YouTube talk by Carrier? He explains it with reference specifically to Christianity and Euhemerus. What's the "great pity" about any of that? ... check it for yourself, that's by far the best way and it's supremely easy!


We can't carry on for ever with endless disputes about every conceivable detail in a thread where ever since the very first few pages the only real question has been the claim of abundant convincing evidence for a real Jesus, but where in nearly 100 pages no such evidence has been produced, and the main proponent arguing that he would definitely show all the evidence has apparently dropped out.
 
Well ... get a copy of the book by Hodge and read it for yourself (that's a very cheap and easy thing to do). Did you watch that YouTube talk by Carrier? He explains it with reference specifically to Christianity and Euhemerus. What's the "great pity" about any of that? ... check it for yourself, that's by far the best way and it's supremely easy!


We can't carry on for ever with endless disputes about every conceivable detail in a thread where ever since the very first few pages the only real question has been the claim of abundant convincing evidence for a real Jesus, but where in nearly 100 pages no such evidence has been produced, and the main proponent arguing that he would definitely show all the evidence has apparently dropped out.
You made very specific and striking statements about the Essenes. So Hodge and Carrier wrote books. A more specific reference would have been nice, but it's up to you, of course.
 
That's a well reasoned argument.

The flaw for me is that we don't actually know what Paul said. The first documentation has been found many years after the events could have happened. We know the propensity of believers to change inconvenient facts and their extreme reluctance to publish anything that conflicts with their belief. I am not claiming this definitely happened but that the probability of it happened is high.

The independent confirmation of an HJ is scarce and conflicted.

We know how beliefs can start and lose all reference to real events in a very short time.

To me, an HJ, is very low probability. There may have been a crucifixion of a preacher, there may have been a preacher called Jesus and that is as far as I can accept.

We don't actually know what any of the people in the Bible-myth said, probably because they're fictional characters like Frodo and King Arthur who never said anything in real life.

Bible experts are a deluded bunch. But hey, it's a living of sorts.
 
You made very specific and striking statements about the Essenes. So Hodge and Carrier wrote books. A more specific reference would have been nice, but it's up to you, of course.


We have been over it many times here before. Did you watch the Carrier video? Have you read the book by Hodge? Ch. 8? (and also Ch.11).

If you really want to know why your sceptic opponents here doubt the claimed evidence of Jesus, and point to issues like the earlier Essene community in that same location writing pesher literature to expresses dreams and visions as real events, which afaik is perfectly well known anyway, then you really need to make a small effort to read it for yourself. That’s far better than trying to re-run the same endless arguments here over and over again.

You could no doubt just find all you need from nothing more than a Google search, eg here -
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_15650.html where the openings sentence is -


PESHER (Heb. פֵּשֶׁר), word meaning "interpretation." It occurs only once in the Hebrew Bible: "Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing?" (Eccl. 8:1). However, the Aramaic word peshar occurs 31 times in the Aramaic portion of Daniel, where it mainly refers to dream interpretation.
 
We have been over it many times here before. Did you watch the Carrier video? Have you read the book by Hodge? Ch. 8? (and also Ch.11).
So at least we can send each other book lists. What fun!
 
Well ... get a copy of the book by Hodge and read it for yourself (that's a very cheap and easy thing to do). Did you watch that YouTube talk by Carrier? He explains it with reference specifically to Christianity and Euhemerus. What's the "great pity" about any of that? ... check it for yourself, that's by far the best way and it's supremely easy!


We can't carry on for ever with endless disputes about every conceivable detail in a thread where ever since the very first few pages the only real question has been the claim of abundant convincing evidence for a real Jesus, but where in nearly 100 pages no such evidence has been produced, and the main proponent arguing that he would definitely show all the evidence has apparently dropped out.

Never mind the issue I pointed out way back in post #185 as well as the horrible state of the non Christian evidence back in post 272

I have repeatedly shown the mythers of early 20th century were intent in showing that the Gospel Jesus didn't exist and not there wasn't an actual man buried behind the myth somewhere.

Paul seems more intent on pushing whatever the Jesus in his own head is saying rather than any actual flesh and blood Jesus to the point he gives us nothing to work with.


The Gospels per John Frum are too late to be any good.

The two clearest non Christian references have both been tampered with (never mind they are so late per John Frum as to be useless) and everything else smacks of desperation to find something anything that shows Jesus existed in the 1st century.

If there was a historical Jesus the ravages of time have totally destroyed all details of his life to the point that he might have well not existed.
Nothing Paul tells us is trustworthy. Nothing the Gospels tell us is trustworthy. Between lateness and tampering neither of the two best non Christian sources are trustworthy.


For all we know one day Pontius Pilate woke up in a foul mood one day and while walking around Jerusalem stumbled on the local oddity--a harmless babbling wretch mockingly refereed to as "Jesus" who is begging for coins as he had for years. Sadly for him Pontius Pilate's foul mood make him a target of the Prefect's ire and he is crucified.

Many years later a Roman who persecuted followers of another Jesus and then had a vision of a Jesus who rose from being crucified comes to Jerusalem and connected his Jesus, the Jesus who followers he had persecuted, and the begging Jesus into one big mass and goes on his merry way.

After Paul dies the author of what will become Mark does his thing pulling from various sources to provide the sayings and miracles. As for the trial...I have already said that is seems to have more in common with Parry Mason then a real trial so perhaps "Mark" has himself a vision or just makes the thing up on his own.

So we have a Jesus crucified by Pontius Pilate...who other than name has NOTHING to do with the Jesus of Paul or the Jesus who may have founded Christianity.
 
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So at least we can send each other book lists. What fun!



Well if you won't read what Hodge wrote about it, then what did you make of the Carrier video on YouTube?

That's easy enough for you to check surely?

And note - I already discussed in detail what Carrier was saying there about Euhemerisation when I linked the video at least twice before. And that is specifically about Christianity and the gospels.
 
Well if you won't read what Hodge wrote about it, then what did you make of the Carrier video on YouTube?

That's easy enough for you to check surely?

And note - I already discussed in detail what Carrier was saying there about Euhemerisation when I linked the video at least twice before. And that is specifically about Christianity and the gospels.
My question was about the Essenes, but hey, never mind!
 
My question was about the Essenes, but hey, never mind!

Don't feel bad or surprised, Craig. "Evasion" is every a-historicist's middle name -- when it isn't "shifting-goal-posts" instead, of course. Their stock in trade is tactics, not honest research.

Stone
 
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My question was about the Essenes, but hey, never mind!


Well the question was - did you listen to what Carrier said on the video?

Because he is talking there about the origins of Christianity and Jesus, which is the subject of this thread.
 
... As for the trial...I have already said that is seems to have more in common with Parry Mason then a real trial so perhaps "Mark" has himself a vision or just makes the thing up on his own. ...

Out of curiosity, has any advocate of an historical Jesus ever taken on the trial and its oddities?

Don't feel bad or surprised, Craig. "Evasion" is every a-historicist's middle name -- when it isn't "shifting-goal-posts" instead, of course. Their stock in trade is tactics, not honest research.

Stone

Why not use your time posting up my requested links, Stone?
I'd like to know just where you posted up evidence of an HJ as you claim to have done.
 
So at least we can send each other book lists. What fun!

Considering that Piggy's entire first line of argument was that we should all get PhDs and read stuff that he couldn't possibly post here for length in order to even understand this issue at all, I find it odd that, when presented with the same sort of argument (whether or not I agree with it), it no longer works.
 
Well the question was - did you listen to what Carrier said on the video?

Because he is talking there about the origins of Christianity and Jesus, which is the subject of this thread.
And within that general field of study, my question was about your characterisation of the Essenes.
 
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