I'd think that fire would concentrate C14 if anything. C14 is heavier than C12 or C13, and therefore less energy is necessary to make it fly away.4. Effects from the fires that damaged the shroud
I'd think that fire would concentrate C14 if anything. C14 is heavier than C12 or C13, and therefore less energy is necessary to make it fly away.4. Effects from the fires that damaged the shroud
A good summary of the possibilities.Possible reasons that the Carbon 14 testing was wrong...
A good summary of the possibilities.
I wonder if Jabba will come up with anything not on your list.
- Well anyway, I think that I have a way you can prove that I'm avoiding the evidence -- if I really am.
- Select a "gatekeeper," rather than a spokesperson, to tell me which specific Q, C or A to try to answer next. Everyone can raise whatever questions and objections they wish -- but, instead of me deciding what to try to answer next, the gatekeeper will decide for me.
- I agree that there are numerous Q/C/A's that have been repeated numerous times -- but again, these are, themselves, numerous. Just tell me which of these to address next...
- I claim that if you go ahead and do that, I'll be slow, but you'll see that I do not try to avoid the evidence. That's exactly what I was trying to show with Dave's list re reweaving -- but then, people kept wanting me to move on to other issues. And if you noticed, in addressing Dave's list, I was admitting that my answers weren't that good... I wasn't giving up, as my task is to present the best Shroud authenticity case I can muster -- and, I do still think that the Shroud probably is authentic.
- Perhaps, instead of electing a gatekeeper, you guys could just talk amongst yourselves and decide "in committee" what you would most like me to address next. Maybe, you could develop a private distribution list for anyone who's interested in helping to direct the conversation. Maybe, someone could just offer him or her self to designate what I should answer next. Maybe, you could take turns in alphabetical order...
- I will still want equal time to direct the conversation myself.
--- Jabba
- I am currently trying to gather up links and arguments to refute your claims and further make my case…
- We'll see...
- But, I will be back.
--- Jabba
Jabba,
Just answer the C14 question.
The main problem with the fire hjypothesis is that it needs to bring in about 4 time as much foreign carbon loaded with fresh 14C than original carbon (about 20% original sample with 1st century origin and 80% fresh wood/combustible origin carbon). That is neigh impossible.
- I would agree that you have provided some info that supports claims of C14 validity and weakens claims of invalidity, in this particular case -- but then, I disagree that you have provided info that proves C14 validity, or refutes C14 invalidity, in this case.
Also, since carbon added from a fire is also called soot, such an influx would leave the fabric thoroughly blackened. Which is not what we observe.
Hans
Not to forget that the labs were experienced in sample handling and removal of surface contamination.Possible reasons that the Carbon 14 testing was wrong:
1. Invisible patch hypothesis
Comment: The invisible hypothesis is the most discussed idea in this thread. The evidence against it is daunting to the point that for any practical purposes it is reasonable to accept that the invisible hypothesis has been proved false.
2. Bioplastic coating
Comment: Roger Sparks, a carbon dating expert from New Zealand, makes very convincing arguments against this possibility here: http://www.shroud.com/c14debat.htm. This is clearly a fringe theory and bioplastic coating is not a recognized source of error for carbon 14 age dating. Even if it bioplastic coating was shown to be a possible source of error for the dating of a fabric the possibility that it could cause anything like the 1300 year error hypothesized for the shroud dating is essentially impossible for the reasons that Sparks outlined in the discussion linked to above.
3. Collusion
Comment: That are many hypothetical permutations of collusion by the people involved in the sampling and testing. All of them seem to be extremely unlikely. For one thing nobody has shown any kind of possible motive. But even if a motive could be theorized the well documented sampling and testing procedures coupled with the use of controls seems to preclude it.
4. Effects from the fires that damaged the shroud
Comment: This is a theory that carbon from the burning migrated into the shroud and perhaps there is a mechanism whereby carbon 14 as opposed to carbon 12 and carbon 13 preferentially migrated into the cloth. Sparks in the link above, argues both that preferential migration of carbon 14 from a fire is not possible and that if there was a problem with carbon 14 dating of samples based on exposure to fires that it would have been noticed by now. Meacham argues that there is very little if any carbon 14 dating that has been done on a sample alleged to have been a first century artifact that had been subjected to a fire in about 1500 AD so no conclusion is possible about the carbon 14 dating on the shroud. The problem, of course, with Meacham's line of argument is that carbon 14 dating might be deemed unreliable in almost any situation because there is always going to be something unique about a sample. No scientifically recognized reason has been put forth as to why the nature of the shroud's history would cause an error remotely in the range of the error hypothesized.
5. Other unknown sources of error for the carbon 14 testing
Comment: The argument here is that there are various known sources of error for carbon 14 testing and maybe not all sources of carbon 14 test errors may be known and with regard to the shroud one of these unknown sources of error has caused a test error.
This at best seems to be a remote possibility. None of the known problems with carbon 14 testing seem to apply here. The known problems include that the source of carbon for marine organisms is not atmospheric, some snails have been shown to incorporate older sources of carbon in their shells, and the use of old carbon sources in the preparation of materials as in the use of asphalt in some of the compounds used by the Egyptians in the creation of the mummies. One thing to note about the problems listed above is that they all have the effect of making a sample test older than it is and with the shroud the opposite problem is hypothesized.
3. Collusion
Comment: ...That are many hypothetical permutations of collusion by the people involved in the sampling and testing. All of them seem to be extremely unlikely. For one thing nobody has shown any kind of possible motive. But even if a motive could be theorized the well documented sampling and testing procedures coupled with the use of controls seems to preclude it. ...
Where's Rogers' evidence for his claims? His unsupported word is valueless, especially given his past. Further this very point was addressed previously two months ago.- In a separate paper (http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/rogers5faqs.pdf), Rogers claims the following:
The non-image cloth typically shows weak
fluorescence (upper right). When image appears on the
cloth, it quenches the fluorescence and gives it a brown
color (see "Hands" below). The small, triangular, white
area is where the Raes sample was cut in 1973. The
radiocarbon sample was cut upward from there about 1
cm to the right of the seam and about 7 cm long. The
area where the radiocarbon sample was taken is relatively
dark, a fact that is not the result of dirt, image color, or
scorching. The cloth is much less fluorescent in that area,
brightening into more typical fluorescence to the right.
The photograph proves that the radiocarbon area has a
different chemical composition than the main part of the
cloth. This was obviously not considered before the sample was cut.
- Someone in our group claimed, and appeared to show, that there were numerous other places on the Shroud with the same coloring as the C14 sample. Can anyone point me to that claim?
--- Jabba
- In a separate paper (http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/rogers5faqs.pdf), Rogers claims the following:
The non-image cloth typically shows weak
fluorescence (upper right). When image appears on the
cloth, it quenches the fluorescence and gives it a brown
color (see "Hands" below). The small, triangular, white
area is where the Raes sample was cut in 1973. The
radiocarbon sample was cut upward from there about 1
cm to the right of the seam and about 7 cm long.
The area where the radiocarbon sample was taken is relatively
dark,
. . .a fact that is not the result of dirt, image color, or
scorching.
The cloth is much less fluorescent in that area,
brightening into more typical fluorescence to the right.
The photograph proves that the radiocarbon area has a different chemical composition than the main part of the cloth.
This was obviously not considered before the sample was cut.
- Someone in our group claimed, and appeared to show, that there were numerous other places on the Shroud with the same coloring as the C14 sample. Can anyone point me to that claim?
It isn't a paper. It's a FAQ. It has not been published nor peer-reviewed. The majority of the claims, including the one you quote, are entirely without references. The majority of the few references are not to papers but to Symposia and the like. The few references that are to papers are to those that have already been discredited (e.g., Adler in "Applied Optics.")- In a separate paper (http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/rogers5faqs.pdf), Rogers claims the following:
--- SNIP ----
Really?From Rogers' FAQ that Jabba linked said:The DNA in Shroud blood samples shows the effects of significant aging: only short lengths of the chain remain intact.
- In a separate paper (http://www.shroud.com/pdfs/rogers5faqs.pdf), Rogers claims the following:
The non-image cloth typically shows weak
fluorescence (upper right). When image appears on the
cloth, it quenches the fluorescence and gives it a brown
color (see "Hands" below). The small, triangular, white
area is where the Raes sample was cut in 1973. The
radiocarbon sample was cut upward from there about 1
cm to the right of the seam and about 7 cm long. The
area where the radiocarbon sample was taken is relatively
dark, a fact that is not the result of dirt, image color, or
scorching. The cloth is much less fluorescent in that area,
brightening into more typical fluorescence to the right.
The photograph proves that the radiocarbon area has a
different chemical composition than the main part of the
cloth. This was obviously not considered before the sample was cut.
- Someone in our group claimed, and appeared to show, that there were numerous other places on the Shroud with the same coloring as the C14 sample. Can anyone point me to that claim?
--- Jabba